셔만 알렉시의 『파트타임 인디언의 정말로 진실한 일기』: 패러디로서 유머

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

This paper aims to examine humor as a parody in Sherman Alexie's An Absolutely True Diary of Part-Time Indian. Pain continued to generate from the era of drawing Indian Reservations spreads out throughout Diary and history of American Indian. For Alexie, pain is the same word with the identity of Indian and is expressed in alcoholism, drug abuse, casino, and violence in his works. Generally, Indian nationalist writers try to regain the tradition in songs, stories and culture of Indian. They reprehend Alexie for giving up Indian tradition. But for Alexie, their writings depicted the image of Indian is the doings to sell Indian culture to White. Instead, he explores the various aspects of traditional Indian and transnational Indian. The goal of his writing is to ultimately explore the possibilities of co-existing Indian and White. In order to do this, he uses humor as a means of co-existing both of Indian and White and subverting the Indian image fixated by the dominant culture and some of Indian writers. Alexie's humor acts, thus, as a parody to refer to the rupture or void between Indian and White.

알렉시의 『탈주』 : 경계의 사유

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

This paper aims to analyze Alexie’s Flight in terms of zoe/bios and bare life in Agamben’s Homo Sacer, For Agamben, zoe is a natural life common with an animal, a plant, and an insect, whereas bios refers to a politically valuable life. In ancient Greek, zoe is defined as a man who may be killed and yet not sacrificed, and has a relation of inclusive exclusion with sovereignty. Based on this relationship, politics in Greek is regarded as tanatopolitics which is continuously excluding zoe into a state of exception. In modern times, zoe itself becomes a subject of sovereign power. In this context, Zits in Alexie’s Flight identifies himself with an acne as his identity. And in the end of text, Zits wants to be called Michael. In short, Zits becomes Michael. This process of name revision means that Zits as a subhuman, who defines the American Indians, not only searches for identity through time travel, but implies the general plight of human beings in modern political system. Because human beings as a bare life are thrown into a undistinguishable zone between zoe and bios shown in camps and refugees. Thus, Alexie searches for the boundary between zoe and bios, Indian and Whites through Zits, and beyond it, may recognize the universality of human beings hidden in the structure of modern politics.

『압살롬, 알살롬!』 : 감응을 통한 역사의 재구성

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2011 영어권문화연구 Vol.4 No.2

In Absalom, Absalom!, Thomas Sutpen's image is constructed, de-constructed and re-constructed by the various characters, especially Rosa and Quentin. This purpose of this study is to analyze the image of Thomas Sutpen and the way to affect on the narrative present in terms of Deleuze’s event and affects. In this text, there is no word from Sutpen, his presence itself is in the constrcuting, de-construcing and re-constructing processes of the affects of characters on him or from him. In this process, Sutpen’s image becomes the Deep South of America. And the loss of morality, the collapse of social values and violence are revealed in his image. This image may not only reconstruct the past of South, but show the present problems of the America.

들뢰즈의 사건과 야크나파타우파

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2011 영어권문화연구 Vol.4 No.1

Deleuze is known for the philosopher of “event.” In Logic of Sense, he created the concept of event as a reverse of Platonic dichotomy. For Plato, event, or simulacrum, being at the farthest end of Idea, was so meaningless and transitory that it was oppressed for protecting Idea. Based on Stoa’s definition of thing, Deleuz’s event was realized not by a similarity between Idea and copy but effects between things, called metaphysical surface. Deleuze’s event was especially important on understanding of the meaning of literary works. Because the final result of event was a signification of event, it was necessarily expressed by a language. In terms of Deleuze’s event, Faulkner’s Yoknapatawhpa was not a space of representation, but a space created through ‘a bloc of sensations’ in American South. In other word, Faulkner did not represent the real people, accidents, and things, but create the imaginative space in the real South. In this sense, the most importance things in Faulkner’s texts were of expressions on the various aspects of affects in the reponses between white American and Afro-American and their percepts on the reactions to things. Such affects and percepts created a large view of Yoknapatawhpa ruled by racial, social, and moral entities.

포크너와 들뢰즈의 만남: 사건을 통한 의미의 생성

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2013 영어권문화연구 Vol.6 No.2

This study aims to apply the conception of “event” to William Faulkner's literary works. In Deleuzian theory, the event has the same meaning as the affect and the percept. The direct element to determine the meaning of event can not be presented externally as the vertical and transcendental factor like Idea, but presented internally in the topological relation with the equivalent relations. In other words, Deleuzian event can be defined as a concept that can exist just before cultural stage, more specifically the borderline between nature and culture, into a field that can produce a meaning. In this perspective, Faulkner's literary works show how the various events, affects and percepts, are organized in each characters and how the meaning that these characters are expressing are formed. When we think of each characters as a being in the context of events, their lives shows repetitive structure of their own affect and percept. Thus, each character cannot stand on the position of judgment that construct the order anymore, but become other by experiencing the force(effect) that is constituent of each one's self. In this respect, it is not supposed that they are so much harmonious and unified reality just as a multitude of affects or a ‘refrain’ that repeats the affects. And it is they that are the multitude of bodies, gestures, desires, and motifs. Therefore, they are open to the life-producing in a particular way that is connected with the life, while moving through the life. As a result, we can say that this is the freedom that is also our senses that are created in impersonal dimension.

정동의 의미와 가능성

김종갑 ( Kim¸ Jong-gahp ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2019 영어권문화연구 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept, structure, translation, and possibility of affect. Among the theorists, this study focused on the concepts of Deleuze and Massumi. In Deleuze’s reinterpretation of the concept of Spinoza's affect, he classified affect as the increase and decrease of physical ability acting in areas prior to culture and language and affection as representation of idea. This relationship between affect and affection can be grasped from one side of the structure through the concept and relation of Deleuze’s event. For Deleuze, affect is an subversive force for all the existing ideas that man is defined and a force of life to expand human capacity. In an age called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the rise of human emotional labor and the emergence of new things such as AI will provide a foothold for the further expansion of affect.