인도네시아 중부 칼리만탄 쿠알라쿠룬 지역의 지질: I. 층서 및 구조

김인준(In-Joon Kim),기원서(Won-Seo Kee),송교영(Kyo-Young Song),김복철(Bok-Ghul Kim),이사로(Sa-Ro Lee),이규호(Gyoo Ho Lee) 대한자원환경지질학회 2004 자원환경지질 Vol.37 No.5

인도네시아 중부 칼리만탄 쿠알라쿠룬 지역의 지질은 하부로부터 석탄-페름기의 피노변성암류, 백악기 세파욱심성 암류, 에오세말기의 탄중층과 올리고세의 말라산화산암류로 구성되며, 올리고세-마이오세초기의 신탕관입암류가 상기 한 모든 지층들을 관입하고 있다. 퇴적층인 탄중층은 전체적으로 북쪽으로부터 남쪽으로 발달하는 고수류계를 유지하 는 삼각주 환경과 천해 해저 환경에서 퇴적되었다. 고생대 후기의 변성퇴적암류가 퇴적된 이후부터 발생한 4회의 변 형작용이 인지된다. D1 변형작용은 광역변성작용을 수반한 변성암류의 습곡작용 및 S1 편리구조 형성으로 특징 지워 진다. D2 변형작용은 백악기 화강암질암 내에 발생한 연성전단작용이며, D3 변형작용은 북동 내지 동북동 방향의 축 을 갖는 습곡작용 및 이에 수반된 S2 파랑벽개의 형성으로 정의된다. D4 변형작용은 제3기 동안 남-북 방향의 압축 응력하에서 발생한 단층작용으로서, 북동 방향의 좌수향 주향이동단층, 북서 방향의 우수향 주향이동단층, 남-북 내지 북북동 방향의 정단층 등이 형성 되었다. 이 단층작용은 제3기 지층의 퇴적과 분포에 영향을 끼친 것으로 해석된다. The geology of the Kualakulun area in Middle Kalimantan, Indonesia comprises Permian to Carboniferous Pinoh Metamorphic Rocks and Cretaceous Sepauk Plutonics of the Sunda Shield, late Eocene Tanjung Formation, Oligocene Malasan Volcanics, Oligocene to early Miocene Sintang Intrusives and Quaternary alluvium. Tanjung Formation was deposited in low- and high-sinuosity channel networks developed on the proximal to distal delta plain and delta front forming southward paleoflow system, which, in turn, gradually change into shallow marine environment. Four main deformational phases are recognized: D1, folding of metamorphic rocks accompanied by development of S1 schistosity under regional metamorphic condition; D2, ductile shearing in Cretaceous granitoids; D3, folding of metamorphic rocks accompanied by S2 crenulation cleavage; D4, faulting under N-S compressional regime during Tertiary times, producing NE-trending sinistral and NW-trending dextral strike-slip faults and N-S to NNE-trending normal faults.

말리 부구니 지역에 대한 지화학탐사

김인준,Kim, In-Joon 대한자원환경지질학회 2008 자원환경지질 Vol.41 No.5

The ore depositional and geochemical exploration on Bougouni area in Mali, central-western Africa covering $2,000\;Km^2$ was conducted for determining the detailed survey area. According to the results of this exploration, the highly potential area for the zinc-tin-gold-silver mineralization was found in Kolani and Riarako areas. The contents of zinc in heavy sand collected in the stream sediments range from 14 to 8,600 ppm, while the mean values of zinc in this area are 543 ppm with threshold($x+2{\sigma}$) of zinc anomalies being 1,000 ppm in Bougouni area. Generally zinc anomalies are associated with the tin and molybdenum anomalies and hence the anomalous area was selected for the detailed survey area for tracing the primary zinc and precious ore deposits related to these anomalies in following project.

몽골 항가이 남동부 지역 다신칠렌 탄탈륨-니오븀 및 산트 동 산출지의 지구화학적 특성 개요

김인준,이범한,허철호,Kim, In Joon,Lee, Bum Han,Heo, Chul-Ho 대한자원환경지질학회 2013 자원환경지질 Vol.46 No.5

We performed reconnaissance survey on Dashinchilen Nb-Ta REE area and Sant Cu area which are located in southeastern part of Khangai rare metals mineralized belt. In Dashinchilen area, Nb and Ta have been found in pegmatitic granite that is largely distributed in the survey area and muscovite in pegmatite which is an intrusion in paleozoic sedimentary rocks which are mostly composed of sandstone. While grades of Nb and Ta are not high, an outcrop that has high Th and U contents (542 ppm of Th and 56.9 ppm of U) has been found. Average and maximum REE contents in the survey area is three times and seven times, respectively, larger than average REE contents in the crust of the Earth. In Sant area, copper oxides such as malachite has been found in quartzite in paleozoic sedimentary rocks. A sedimentary rock formation that has high grade of Mn (12.4-34.6 %) has been found in the survey area. This sedimentary rock formation is the same formation with that of Ugii Nuur Fe-Mn mineralization which is located about 200 km northwest of the survey area. Average and maximum REE contents in the survey area is two and half times and seven times, respectively, larger than average REE contents in the crust of the Earth. According to the factor analysis for the data of the geochemical analysis, Nb and Ta in Dashinchilen area are highly correlated with muscovite and Cu in Sant area is highly correlated with Mo, Sn, and Bi. Furthermore, the factor analysis results show that Fe in Sant area was deposited with rare earth elements.

GIS를 이용한 철도선형최적화

강인준(Kang In-Joon),이준석(Lee Jun-Seok),김수성(Kim Su-Sung) 한국철도학회 2002 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

This study is to develop the model of alignment optimization based on design criteria by approaching through alignment of railway design and problems in economy, environment and technology for satisfying traffic volume of the main roads caused by economical and social developments. Now, Geographic Information System isn"t applied when designing a present railway in home. And the design of railway alignment is still set on importance of transition curves and cant according to passenger comfort in abroad so the study of railway alignment is at initiation phase so far. This paper is about decision of optimal alignment between two stations such as starting point and ending point automatically using GIS in optimization of railway alignment. A route between Sungsan city and Shinpung city is the training area and the study compared and evaluated optimal railway route by GIS automatically with present railway route designed. Present optimal fomulas was used in this study for optimization of railway alignment. The model of optimization of railway alignment was developed through topographical elements and it was mentioned by the model of road alignment because of the similarity in design of alignment. But the design of lateral track irregularities, cant for passenger comfort and motion sickness followed by train rolling have to be considered more. Anyway, this study formed the basis of using GIS and the study should be keep going on in the future.

물량위험을 동반한 가격위험 헤지에 대한 연구

김인준 ( In Joon Kim ),이동행 ( Dong Haeng Lee ) 한국파생상품학회 2015 선물연구 Vol.23 No.1

This research looks into hedge strategies to resolve foreign exchange-related risks, generated when investing in overseas financial assets, as an example of Quantity risk. If an investor has information with no uncertainty over the volume and there is oniy a price risk he want to hedge, an investor will be able to reduce or eliminate risks by using relative derivative securities such as forwards or futures contracts. However, if there are uncertainties over the volume of hedging targets that is called Quantity risk, it is impossible to set the optimal hedge ratio with the traditional method without considering the presence of Quantity risk. In this paper, we theoretically draw an optimal hedge ratio which is estimated via minimal variance criterion under static hedge structure. We also analyze its hedge performance and the impact of change in covariance on the optimal hedge ratio and variance of investment return denominated as its own country currency. For theoretical approach, we review the impact that overseas financial assets`` yield and exchanges rates distribution will have on optimal hedge ratio through simple numerical analysis. Empirical analysis is carried out by uSing the stock indices of the U.S., Europe and Asian countries, and the results indicate that hedge strategies taken with Quantity risk for all markets produced better hedging performance than the strategies taken without Quantity risk. Since there is a need for systematic research on risks involving foreign exchanges that occur in the event of foreign investments aimed to develop the domestic financial industry, we hope that our research serve as a stepping-stone for further research.

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies of the Hydrothermal Clay Deposits and Surrounded Rocks in the Haenam Area, Southwestern Part of the Korean Peninsula

김인준,쿠사카베 미노루,Kim, In Joon,Kusakabe, Minoru The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1993 자원환경지질 Vol.26 No.1

In the present study, three representative hydrothermal clay deposits, named the Seongsan, Ogmaesan and Haenam deposits, were selected for oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of quartz, sericite, alunite and kaolin minerals from Seongsan, Ogmaesan, Haenam deposits and surrounded rocks of clay deposits have been measured. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of quartz, kaolin, sericite and alunite in the Seongsan mine are +8.4 to +11.1‰, +3.6 to 5.4‰, +4.8 to +5.8‰ and + 3.0 to +6.6‰, respectively. In the Ogmaesan mine, the ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of quartz, kaolin, sericite and alunite are +8.0 to +13.6‰, +2.8 to +6.7‰, +4.8 to +8.4‰ and +0.9 to +2.4‰, respectively. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of the Haenam mine range from +7.9 to +10.1‰ for quartz and from +4.5 to +6.5‰ for sericite. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of the whole-rocks range from + 3.0 to + 7.8‰ for the granitic rocks. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of the whole-rocks range from + 3.2 to + 10.7‰ for the volcanic rocks. The 8D values of kaolin, sericite and alunite in the Seongsan mine are -78 to -86‰, -71 to -90‰ and -43 to -77‰, respectively. In the Ogmaesan mine, the ${\delta}D$ values of kaolin, sericite and alunite are -73 to -80‰, -74 to -88‰ and -57 to -98‰, respectively. The ${\delta}D$ values of the Haenam mine range from -76 to -85‰ for sericite. The ${\delta}D$ values of the whole-rocks range from -77 to -105‰ for the granitic rocks. The ${\delta}D$ values of the wholerocks range from -76 to -100‰ for the volcanic rocks. The main result obtained oxygen and hydrogen isotope data can lead to the following interpretations on the origin of hydrothermal fluids in the clay deposits: Through the oxygen isotopic study, the formation temperature of the clay deposits was estimated from the coexisting minerals such as quartz-kaolin minerals and -sericite. Formation temperature of the acidic alteration zone is 165 to $280^{\circ}C$ in the Seongsan deposits, 175 to $250^{\circ}C$ in the Ogmaesan deposits and 250 to $350^{\circ}C$ in the Haenam deposits. Three clay deposits has been formed by magmatic water mixed with meteoric water. Furthermore, from this isotopic data, it is clarified that kaolin minerals and alunite are hypogene in origin, and has been formed by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the steam-heated environment, and that alunite has been produced in the spectacular solfataric alteration observed at the surface of some present-day hydrothermal systems. Oxidation of the $H_2S$ is thought to be generated when the vapor phase generated by boiling of the deep-seated water under the water table.

몽골 촉트체치 지역 동 산출지 예비조사결과

김인준(In Joon Kim),이재호(Jae Ho Lee),류충렬(Chung-Ryul Ryoo),이범한(Bum-Han Lee),진광민(Kwang Min Jin),오트곤-에르덴 다바수(Otgon-Erdene Davaasuren),허철호(Chul-Ho Heo),남형태(Hyeong Tae Nam ) 대한자원환경지질학회 2017 자원환경지질 Vol.50 No.4

촉트체치 지역은 남고비에 위치하며 석탄기 후기에서 페름기 초기에 관입한 흑운모 화강암 중 일부가 반암이 관입 하면서 알카리 화강암화 된 부분과 관련된 동 광상이다. 말라카이트가 집중적으로 산출되는 지역은 녹니석, 녹렴석으로 변질된 프로필리틱 변질대가 광범위하게 나타난다. 격자지구화학탐사와 연장부 조사 결과 말라카이트가 산출되는 곳은 30개 지점으로 휴대용 XRF로 측정한 동함량은 1.080~18.300%로 나타났으며, 화학분석 결과 동함량은 13개 지점에서 각각 1.080%~32.900로 높게 나타났다. X-선 회전 분석결과와 현미경 관찰결과 동광물은 말라카이트가 주이며, 남동석, 퍼민제타이트, 황철석과 황동석 등이 가끔 산출되며, 그 외에 은 광물인 능홍은석이 산출된다. 또한 열수변질 광물인 딕카이트가 산출되며, 변질산물인 방해석, 녹니석, 녹염석 등도 산출된다. 광화작용은 반암관입 후에 남은 잔류마그마에서 열수용액이 올라오면서 반암 주변 일부 화강암과 정단층 상반부에만 선택적으로 일어난 것으로 사료된다 Tsogttsetsii area, an intrusive complex associated with Cu mineralization, is located in the South Gobi, Mongolia. We performed the cross geochemical and extended exploration survey in Tsogttsetsii area. Cu mineralization in Tsogttsetsii area is porphyry Cu type related with alkali granite intruded in Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. In the concentrated occurring to malachite appears extensively prophylitic alteration zone having a chlorite and epidote. As results of the survey, Cu contents of potable XRF and of chemical composition for altered rocks ranges 1.08 to 18.3% in the 30 points and 1.08 to 32.9% in the 13 points, respectively. Ore minerals identified in XRD analysis and polarizing microscope that samples of copper oxides were composed mainly of malachite, azurite, permingeatite and cuprite and the other minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrargyrite, dickite, calcite, chlorite and epidote. Mineralization can be considered occurring to selectively some granite of the surrounding aplite and faults in the only upper part coming up the hydrothermal solution of the remaining residual magma after the aplite intrusion.

Alteration Zoning, Mineral Assemblage and Geochemistry of the Hydrothermal Clay Deposits Related to Cretaceous Felsic Magmatism in the Haenam Area, Southwest Korea

김인준,Kim, In Joon The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1992 자원환경지질 Vol.25 No.4

In the present study, three clay deposits, named the Seongsan, Ogmaesan and Haenam deposits, were investigated. The altered zones are recognized in the hydrothermally altered rocks of the clay deposits from the center of the alteration to the margin: Kaolin, Kaolin-Quartz, Quartz, Sericite and Chlorite zones in the Seongsan deposits; Quartz zone, Alunite zone, Kaolin zone, Sericite zone and Chlorite zone in the Ogmaesan deposits; Quartz zone, Pyrophyllite zone, Sericite zone and Chlorite zone in the Haenam deposits. These zones can be grouped into two types of alteration: Acidic alteration such as Pyrophyllite zone, Alunite zone, Quartz zone, Kaolin zone, Kaolin-Quartz zone and a part of Sericite zone; Propylitic alteration such as Chlorite zone and a part of Sericite zone. All clay deposits belong to high-sulfidation (acid-sulfate) system. The rocks of the acidic alterations are composed of pyrophyllite, alunite, kaolin minerals, sericite, quartz and pyrite. On the basis of bulk chemical compositions, it was found that some components such as $SiO_2$, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, FeO, MgO, CaO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$ were mobilized considerably from the original rocks. The mobility of these major elements is related to, and controls, mineral assemblages in each altered zone. Polytypes of sericite are determined as $2M_1$ and 1M by X-ray diffraction method. The amount of $2M_1$ is nearly equal to that of 1M in the Seongsan deposits whereas $2M_1$ is less and higher than that of 1M in the Ogmaesan and the Haenam deposits. These facts indicate that formation temperature of sericite is relatively high in the Haenam deposits, moderate in the Seongsan deposits, and low in the Ogmaesan deposits. The ratios of Na/(K+Na) for alunite in the Ogmaesan deposits determined by electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA) are higher than those in the Seongsan deposits. Thus, the alunite of the Ogmaesan deposits must have been formed from the solutions with relatively high aqueous Na/(K+Na) ratios and low pH at a high temperature rather than that of the Seongsan deposits. From all data, it is clarified that alunite is hypogene in origin, and has been formed by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the steam-heated environment, and that alunite has been produced by the spectacular solfataric alteration observed at the surface of some present-day hydrothermal systems.

경남(慶南) 및 전남(全南) 일부(一部) 납석광상(蠟石鑛床)의 산소(酸素)-황(黃) 동위원소조성(同位元素組成)과 광상성인(鑛床成因)

전효택,정영욱,김인준,Chon, Hyo Taek,Cheong, Young Wook,Kim, In Joon 대한자원환경지질학회 1991 자원환경지질 Vol.24 No.2

Oxygen and sulfur isotope composition of pyrophyllite and pyrite from six pyrophyllite deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas (the Cheonbulsan, Dumyong, Dongrae, Youkwang, Sungjin and Milyang mines), and five deposits in the Whasoon-Dado-Haenam areas (the Byuksong, Songseok, Dado, Bugock and Nowha mines) were measured. Pyrophyllite ores both from the Yangsan-Milyang areas and the Dado-Haenam areas are composed mainly of high alumina minerals such as pyrophyllite, sericite and kaolinite. Most of altered rocks show diagnostic chacteristics of bleaching effect. Major minerals of the Songseok ore deposit in the Whasoon area are pyrophyllite, and diaspore with minor amounts of kaolinite and quartz. The Byuksong ores from the Whasoon area were composed mainly of andalusite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite and mica with small amounts of chloritoid, quartz and carbonaceous matter. The Byuksong and Songseok ores show metamorphic textures such as porphyroblastic, and pressure solution textures, and have low whiteness values, The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of pyrophyllite from the Cheonbulsan and Dumyong mines in the Yangsan area, and the Dado and Nowha mines in the Dado-Haenam areas were in the range of 0.23~5.36%,. The relatively low 8 180 values provide conclusive evidence for hydrothermal activity in these deposits. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of pvrophvllite from the Songseok mine in the Whasoon area were measured as 6.70-8.13%, and these higher ${\delta}^{18}O$ values suggest that the Songseok ore deposit have been probably subjected to metamorphism. ${\delta}^{34}$S(pyrito) values from the Cheonbulsan, Dumyong, Youkwang, Dongrae, Sungjin and Milyang deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas, and the Dado pyrophyllite deposits in the Dado area range from -5.8 to 2.7%, which means that the pyrite sulfur could be of igneous origin. ${\delta}^{34}$S(pyrito) from the Nohwa mine in the Haenam area is, however, measured as -12.4%" implying the contamination of sulfur derived from the sedimentary country rocks. All of the studied high alumina deposits in the Yangsan-Milyang areas and the Dado-Haenam areas were hydrothermal in origin, whereas the Byuksong and Songseok ore deposits in the Whasoon area were probably of metamorphic origin.

Occurrence and Mineral Characteristics of Au-Ag-Cu-Bi Bearing Quartz Veins in the Estancia de la Virgen area, Guatemala

신의철,김수영,홍세선,김인준,Shin, Eui-Cheol,Kim, Soo-Young,Hong, Sei-Sun,Kim, In-Joon The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1998 자원환경지질 Vol.31 No.6

The survey was carried out in order to delineate the occurrence of ore deposits and the mineralized characteristics in the Estancia de la Virgen area through the 1:2,000 scaled geological mapping and topographic measuring surveys. Gold-silver mineralization is in the fault block developed between the San Agustin Fault and Cabanas Fault. It is associated with ore bearing quartz veins controlled by the fault structure. The contents of Au and Ag range from traces up to 72 g/t and 180 g/t respectively. According to traversing the outcrops, the quartz veins are traced by 0.5 Km trended to north and south. In those extended part, they continue for 1,000 m intermittently. Gold-silver mineralization could be divided into three stages. In the first stage, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite were formed with the primary silver and gold associated with galena and copper sulfides respectively. In the second stage, Cu-Bi-Au-Ag bearing sulfides such as chalcocite, covellite, and linarite are formed and usually deposited on the cataclastic fractures of galena and/or chalcopyrite. In the third stage, both the carbonation of galena and sphalerite and the sulphatization of galena, took place in the surface environment. And then primary silver was carried away off and was deposited on galena and/or copper sulfides during oxidation near the water table. Low partitionings of Fe in sphalerite assist that the minerals were formed at the relatively low temperature, which is coincided with previously reported homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions.