김환기의 근대기 작품에 나타난 체험과 감각

김인아(Kim In-ah) 한국근현대미술사학회 2015 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.29 No.-

It is prevalent opinion that Kim Whan?ki from the 1930s to the early 1940s was an abstract artist. As well known, Kim had strong ties with the avant-garde communities of Japan when he was a student there as well as when back to Korea while producing abstract works. Kim later formed a neorealism community with Yoo Youngkuk and Lee KyuSang, where he seeked the ‘Neo-Reality’. He also reflected his interest in korean tradition and antiques in his work while having made an exchange with artists, poets, and writers who had worked through ‘Munjang’ that is literature magazine. That much of the academic literature on Kim’s paintings from this period have been focused on abstract and avant-garde art and orientalism may be a natural consequence of his historical trajectory as the above. As the advanced researches tell, Kim Whan?ki’s interest is not the departure from an object but the way ‘abstractifying’ an object, while pursuing the abstract art. This study also begins from the premise that the key element necessary for interpreting Kim’s abstract art is the way rather than the concept. I would like to go even a step further to argue that the form and content of the abstract in Kim’s work reflect the artist’s personal experiences and emotional sensations. And I’ll argue that such personal experiences-which exist on the outskirts of Kim’s abstract art-are imbued with a kind of romanticism. To illuminate these points, I analyze the abstract features of Kim’s work that appear as geometrical designs in conjunction with the social atmosphere of the era, and also interpret the artist’s personal experiences reflected in the work through references to articles, photographs, and related written works published in the literary magazines of the day. I attempt to show that Kim Whan-ki’s painting which abstractly portrayed the city and machines-symbols of the most cutting-edge elements of civilization- are not simply a matter of style but concrete expressions of the artist’s existential interpretations of nature, life, and modern civilization. It may seem unusual for an artist who interprets the world through the lens of existentialism to pursue such an abstract style. However, at that time, this is not unusual. This is because the avant-garde discourse in those days was developed in each artist’s personal understanding. The experiences of the 1930s that appear in Kim’s work were personal and everyday experiences of modern civilization, and this is why his artwork includes hints at the modernist emotional connection with urban life. Kim’s nostalgia for the modern lifestyle he experienced during his student years in Tokyo occasionally appears as a landscape that is in turn representational or contemplative. These approach is similar to imagism in literature. Kim Gi-rim, a leading Korean modernist poet, defines poetry as the expression of not the mental but the “real” world in writing. Similarly, Kim Whan?ki’s work is an expression of reality as created through the artist’s memories and experiences.

역사 속 재일조선인 의료와 복지의 한계 : 현재의 코로나19 속 상황에서 1920년대 전반 오사카방면위원회의 존재적 한계 보기

김인덕(Kim, In-Duck)(金仁德) 한일민족문제학회 2021 한일민족문제연구 Vol.40 No.-

現在地球はコロナ19の危機の中にある。こうした危機は本質的であり、我々の暮らしの現像的側面に対する部分的、臨時的、外面的収集策では絶対克服できないという事実を感知しなければならない。公害と感染、自然の破壊、そして伝染病の伝染につながる現像は、韓国の社会が自然環境であるという側面の本質的制限である。このような問題は個人の次元ではなく社会的、ひいては地球的次元のことと、歴史的、特に哲学的論議は切實といえる。歴史の中で見ると、伝染病と社会福祉は国家と資料の問題のみにの位置づけにはならない。特に在日朝鮮人にとって社会福祉は外傷的に存在したと見える。歴史的に見ると、国家と資料を統制しなければ、破局の道を歩んでしまった記録が多く存在する。とりわけ軍国主義日本がこれを示す代表的存在と思う。生は死を前に提議するときに本源的意味があるといえる。こんな人間は構造の中の日常を生きてゆく。在日朝鮮人にとってその世界は単純構造ではなく、集團的統制の中で共同体構成員として生きていったのである。彼らにとって日常は罪の悪に思えるかもしれない。渡港した在日朝鮮人は、都市の下位社会に編入された。彼らは部落民と同等な水尊であるか、これを下回る困難層として存在した。彼ら在日本人の暮らしは始まりからトラウマだった。日常で彼らが安全な居住空間を確認保するのは絶代容易ではなかった。すると、在日朝鮮人は社会福祉の対象で在らなければならなかった。 しかし、方面委員会を通して大阪府の社会福祉事業は、朝鮮の人々を構造的かつ本質的に差別し、社会福祉の名前は無実であった。結局、在日朝鮮人は、社会福祉と医療の死角地に存在しなければならいた。このように、日帝は帝國の構造の中で、植民主義を被壓迫狀態の植民地民に制して日本社会の中在日朝鮮人を福祉以外の空間に位置づけていった。どうやら、大阪府の方面委員会は、その実とすることができる。在日朝鮮人は対象化されている中で、統制の対象として存在した。この研究は、日常の医療と福祉の植民地的限界と、統制構造の反人道と危險性を指摘するための小さな試みです。 Currently, the Earth is in the midst of a crisis of covid-19. We must recognize that such a crisis can never be overcome by a partial, temporary, or external remedy for the phenomenon aspects of our lives in nature. The phenomenon that leads to pollution, contamination, destruction of nature, and the creation of infectious diseases are another pattern of intrinsic limitations that our society is deviating from. Such a problem is not at the individual level, but at the social and even global level, and historical and especially philosophical discussions are urgently needed. In history, infectious diseases and social welfare do not result only in problems of state and capital. In particular, social welfare seems to have been traumatic for Koreans in Japan. Historically, if the state and capital are not controlled, there are many records that have led to a catastrophe. In particular, I think militaristic Japan is a representative of this. Life can be said to strengthen its original meaning when it presupposes death. Such a human being lives his daily life in a structure. For Koreans living in Japan, the world was not just a structure but a member of a community under collective control. For them, daily life may have been considered a sin. Korean residents in Japan were incorporated into lower-class urban communities. They existed as poor people who were equal to or below the level of the villagers. The lives of these Koreans in Japan have been traumatized from the beginning. It was never easy for them to secure a stable living space in their daily lives. Then, Koreans in Japan should have existed as an object of social welfare. However, the Osaka government’s social welfare project through a welfare committee has structured and essentially discriminated against Koreans from Japan. The name of social welfare was a nameless one. In the end, Koreans in Japan had to exist in blind spots of social welfare and medical care. As above, Japan forced colonialism to the oppressed colonists in the structure of the empire and established itself in a space other than welfare for Korean residents in Japanese society. In a way, the Osaka Prefecturel welfare Committee is the very essence. Korean residents in Japan were subject to control while being targeted. This study is a small attempt to point out the colonial limitations of everyday health care and well-being and the anti-humanity and risks of the control structure.

인권에 관한 법제 · 정책 개선의 성과와 과제

김인재(金仁在, In Jae Kim),이발래(李發來, Bal Rae Lee) 한국공법학회 2006 공법연구 Vol.35 No.2-2

국가인권위원회(이하 '위원회'라 함)는 인권에 관한 법령, 제도, 정책 및 관행 등의 개선에 관한 권고와 의견표명을 통하여 지난 5년간 인권보호가 정부 정책의 수립 및 집행과정에서 주요 가치 및 평가지표로 뿌리내릴 수 있도록 노력하였다. 위원회의 권고나 의견표명은 고전적인 자유권 문제, 사회권 문제, 사회적 소수자를 비롯한 다양한 영역에 걸친 인권문제를 모두 포괄하고 있다. 국가보안법 , 사회보호법 및 사형제도, 인권 NAP 권고안, 차별금지법 제정 권고안 등 사회적으로 민감하고 높은 관심을 불러일으키는 주제에 대하여 권고나 연구·조사가 이루어졌다. 이는 위원회가 우리 사회의 인권 문제 전반에 대하여 폭넓은 관섬과 노력을 기울여 우리 사회의 인권 보호와 증진이라는 설립목적을음 충실히 수행하였음을 보여준다. 다만, 폭증하는 주요 인권정책 현안의 처리가 지연됨에 따라 시의성을 상실한 경우도 있었으며, 피권고기관의 권고불이행으로 권고의 실효성 문제가 지적되기도 하였다. 또 대부분의 권고 및 의견표명이 위원회 내부 기획에 의한 정책검토 보다는 외부요청(의견조회 등)에 의하여 행해졌으며, 특정 분야 또는 대상에 대한 계획적·종합적·지속적 개업보다는 계기적·부분적·일회적 정책권고가 행해졌다. 따라서 정책엽무 수행에서 전략적 기획에 의한 선택과 집중 및 사회권 관련 권고 개발이 미흡할 수밖에 없었다. 또한 위원회가 법안에 대하여 의견을 표명하는 경우에도 개별 조문에 대한 의견을 제시하는 선에서 그치거나 법률주의적 관점이 지배적이라는 것과 진정사건의 침해구제에 치우쳐 있었으며, 현재의 법제와 관행에서 인권침해적 요소를 찾아내고 시정하려는 노력은 상대적으로 미약했다는 위원회 외부의 비판이 있었다. 이에 위원회는 위원회법이 요구하는 인권 보호와 증진이라는 설립목적올 달성하가 위하여 사회적 약자 및 소수자의 권리증진을 위한 사회권 관련 정책개발음 동하여 인권영역을 확장하고, 국제 인권가준의 국내 적용을 위한 기반을 구축하고, 인권현안에 대한 대응능력을 제고하는 방향으로 추진될 필요가 있다. 위원회가 국제적인 수준의 인권기구가 되가 위해서는 수동적인 진정사건의 해결이나 법령 검토에 만족해서는 안되고, 인권 현안에 대하여 적극적이고 능동적으로 대응해야 하며 인권에 관계된 법령·제도의 개선에 신속한 대책을 강구해야 한다. The National Human Rights Commission of Korea (NHRCK) has submitted recommendations and expressed opinions on reforming human rights legislation, policies and general practice during the past five years in an effort to establish human rights protection as fundamental criteria of values and evaluation in processes of developing and enforcing government policies. NHRCK recommendations and opinions cover all human rights issues from diverse fields includingissues regarding classical civil rights, social rights and social minorities. Recommendations, research and investigations were conducted on socially sensitive issues or of high public interest such as national security law, social surveillance law, capital punishment system and, recommendations of the roadmap of National Action Plan on human rights. These illustrate NHRCK determination in the mandate to protect and promote human rights in our society by devoting its efforts and broad interest in the length and breadth of human rights issues of our society. Occasionally, due to the delay in response to escalating issues on current human rights policy, integrity was at stake andin other occasIOns, failure to comply withthe recommendation by the recommendee-institution was regarded as a problem in optimizing the effectiveness of recommendations. Also, as the majority of recommendations and opinions are made upon external requests (i.e. inquiry, etc) rather than policy revision based on the internal planning agenda, policy recommendations are opportunistic, partial and isolated rather than considered as planned, comprehensive and continuous interventions. Consequently, in the process of policy-making, choices and motivation based on strategic planning and, recommendations concerning social rights have no alternative but to be inadequate. Furthennore, in regards to cases where NHRCK expresses its opinion about bills, there has been external criticism that the opinion is limited at the point of a particular provision or, it is the case that the perspective of legal principles dominates and the opinion tends to lean towards the remedies of violation complaint cases. Hence, efforts to identify characteristics of human rights violation in the current legal system and general practice and, reform them are relatively weak. Accordingly, in order to carry out the mandate to protect and promote human rights as stipulated in the National Human Rights Commission Act, it is necessary that NHRCK works towards extending the scope of human rights by developing policies concerning social rights in favor of socially underpriviledged and minorities; establishing a framework to integrate international human rights standards as part of domestic jurisprudence and improving its capacity to countermeasure current human rights situations. For NHRCK to become a National Institution of international recognition, it must not be satisfied by passive remedies of complaint cases and revisions of laws but must respond to current human rights issues actively and enthusiastically and, must examine immediate measures regarding the improvement of legislation related to human rights.

재배년수에 따른 삼백초(三白草)의 생육형질간 상관관계

김인재(In Jae Kim),남상영(Sang Young Nam),김민자(Min Ja Kim),윤태(Tae Yun),김홍식(Hong Sig Kim),정승근(Seung Keun Jong) 한국자원식물학회 2006 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

삼백초의 지상부 생육은 1년에서 2년차의 생육은 증가 폭이 컸으나, 2년에서 3년차의 생육은 감소하거나 부진하였다. 1년차에서는 소식일수록 생육이 양호하였으나, 3년생은 밀식할수록 차이가 없거나 감소하였다. 단위면적당 엽수와 경수는 재배년수가 경과하고 밀식할수록 많았다. 경엽(莖葉) 수량이 1년생은 밀식에서, 2년생은 40×10cm에서, 3년생은 40×20cm에서 가장 많았다. 근경중(根莖重)은 1년생에서 2년생은 중량의 증가폭이 켰으나, 2년생에서 3년생은 증가 폭이 둔화되었다. 재식거리간 근경중은 년차 간 고도의 유의성이 있었으며, 경엽중에 비해 매우 높았다. The growth of stem and leaves in Saururus chinensis. in the 2nd year was markedly increased comparing to that in the 1st year, however the growth in the 3rd you was not increased significantly. The growth in the 1st yew was greater in low planting density, while the growth in the 3rd year decreased in higher planting densities. The num- ber of leaves and stems per unit area increased in higher planting densities and later years. The weight of stem and leaves in Saururus chinensis was higher at the highest planting density in the 1st yew, at 40×10cm planting in the 2nd year and at 40×20cm planting in the 3rd year. The weight of rhizome in Saururus chinensis increased greatly in the 2nd you comparing to that in the 1st year, but the increase was insignificant in the 3rd year. The weight of rhizomes in Saururus chinensis showed significant interaction between planting densities and years showed highly significant difference.

정주와 이주사이의 동아시아; 일제강점기 오사카 조선촌의 식문화

김인덕 ( In Duck Kim ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2013 동방학지 Vol.163 No.-

전후 암시장과 조선촌에서 출발한 재일조선인의 일상적인 가정요리가 지금은 일본 사회의 식생활에 자리매김되면서 외식산업, 유망 업종으로 성장해 가고 있는 것도 부정할 수 없는 사실이다. 오사카 조선촌은 일제강점기 이후 재일조선인 문화 속 식문화의 중심적 역할을 하고 있다. 그것은 역사성과 현재성에서 확인된다고 할 수 있다. 재일조선인의 다문화공생적 요소를 식문화는 공간에서 식민지성을 유지하면서도 표출하고 있다. 그 중심이 조선촌이다. 식민주의적 관점에서 볼 때, 오사카 조선촌 중심의 조선 문화가 일정하게 일본 내에서 형성되는 것을 존중해야 한다. 그리고 일본 정부가 이를 정책적으로 지원하여 이른바 조선시장을 공설시장으로 만들 것을 주장하기도 했다. 오늘날에도 재일조선인의 삶은 조선촌으로 대변할 수 있다. 역사적으로는 재일조선인이 조성한 조선촌은 조선의 ‘해방구’였다. 일본어도 제대로 모르는 채 낮 동안의 노동에 시달린 조선인이 밤이 되어 돌아왔을 때 아무 거리낌 없이 쉴 수 있는 곳이 바로 조선촌이었다. 고추가루, 김치, 조선말이 있어 그 가운데만 있어도 위안이 되는 장소였다. 조선촌에서는 지연과 혈연적 상호부조가 잘 이루어졌으므로 취직 등 생활상의 편의를 쉽게 얻을 수도 있었다. 최근의 식문화를 놓고 볼 때 한국문화의 발신지의 역할을 하고 있다. 역사성과 함께 오사카 조선촌은 한국 음식의 본거지가 되고 있다. 다양한 한국 음식과 문화가 이곳의 이미지를 형성하고 그 속에서 재일조선인 문화는 일본 사람을 모아내고 있는 것이다. 전전의 일본 정부가 파악하듯이, 재일조선인은 일본에 와 있는 동안에는 무엇보다 돈(金)이 중요했다. 때문에 먹을 것이나 위생, 생활의 즐거움에 대해서는 부차저인 것으로 생각하기도 했다. 따라서 식사는 주로 밥과 소금, 야채로 해결하고, 부식은 장, 츠케모노, 생선 말린 것 등이 전부인 생활도 했다. 주요한 것은 식문화는 사실 생활의 필요에서 삶을 유지하는 방편이었기 때문에 유지되기도 했다는 점이다. 필자는 한민족의 고유한 식문화의 장점을 살리려는 노력이 다양한 지점에서 전개되지 않으면 재일조선인의 독특한 식문화의 유지, 발전은 어려다고 생각한다. 그것은 일본 사회가 갖고 있는 본질에 기인한다고 생각한다. Since the broken of war, some of typical food from Chosun villages in Japan now became normal home meal for Japanese. It is inevitable that these foods being food service industry with good prospects. Osaka Chosun village has been having a main role of food culture since Japanese colonial era. It is clearly shown by history and nowness. Commensal multi-culture fact of Korean residents in Japan would be shown by food culture and Chosun village is in the center. From a colonial point of view, Osaka Chosun village should be acknowledged that chosun culture were partially rooted by Chosun village. Also, Japanese government supported in policy and they urged made this town as a public market. Still, the life of Korean residents in Japan would be symbolized by Chosun village. Historically, a town where Korean residents in Japan made was their own area under rebel control. A foreigner who was not able to speak Japanese had a rough day and he or she were getting their own rest at Chosun village. Red pepper powder, Kimchi, and Korean was there so that they were being comforting. Not only psycological comfort, but regionalism, kinship were made their life in actual ways. When we see the current food culture, this was the place of dispatch for Korean culture. With the historic facts, Osaka Chosun Village(Korean Village) is now base of Korean food. Various foods and culture made brand new image of Korea and Korean culture by Japanese. As previous Japanese government known, Korean residents in Japan thought money was their key problem. Therefore food, hygeine, life, interests were all secondary thoughts. They normally had meal with rice, salt, vegetable and additionally they had certain sauces, tsukemono, and a bit of fishes. Bottom line is that food culture could have been sustained because they had to eat in certain ways. I myself strong believe that an effort which Korean residents in Japan made to retain Korean own food culture eventually developed Korean residents in Japan`s unique food culture. Without this, we could not imagine current Korean food culture. This clearly arose from essence of Japanese society.

Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy in Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

김인아(In Ah Kim),최일봉(Ihl Bhong Choi),강기문(Ki Mun Kang),장지영(Jie Young Jang),문한림(Han Lim Mun),송정섭(Jung Sub Song),이선희(Sun Hee Lee),곽문섭(Mun Sub Kuak),신경섭(Kyung Sub Shinn) 대한방사선종양학회 1997 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.15 No.1

목 적 : 국소진행된 III기 비소세포성 폐암에서 방사선감작제로서의 저용량 Cisplatin과 방사선 동시병합요법의 효과를 알아보고자하여, 관해율, 전체생존율, 무병생존율 및 치료에 따른 부작용을 방사선 단독치료군과 후향적으로 비교분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 4월부터 1994년 3월까지 32명의 III기 비소세포성 폐암환자(IIIa 12명, IIIb 20명)가 항암제 및 방사선동시병합요법을 받았다. 방사선치료는 3000cGy/ 10회를 2주간에 걸쳐 시행한 뒤 3주후에 2500cGy/ 10회를 추가하였으며, 방사선감작제로 cis platin 6mg/m2를 매일 방사선치료 전에 정맥주사하였다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월에서 48개월로 중간값은 24개월이었다. 방사선단독치료군 32명(IIIa 13명, IIIb 19명)은 매일 170- 200cGy씩 총 5580- 7000cGy (중간값 5960cGy) 치료받았으며, 추적관찰기간은 36개월에서 105개월로 중간값은 62개월이었다. 결 과 : cis platin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선 단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은완전반응률(18.8% vs . 5.6%)및 낮은 조사야내 재발율(25% vs . 47%)을 나타내었다. 2년 전체생존율은 Cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 17%, 방사선단독치료군이 9.4%로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다.국소재발 없는 2년 무병생존율(16.5% vs. 5.3%) 및 원격전이 없는 2년 무병생존율(17% vs. 4.6%)도 두군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 Karnofsky performance scale 80 이상인 환자군만을 대상으로 분석한 결과, cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 유의하게 높은 2년 전체생존율을 보였다(62.5% vs. 15.6%). 전체생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자로 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군에 있어서는 performance status 및 조직학적 진단유형(상피세포암 vs. 비상피세포암)으로 나타났고, 방사선단독치료군에 있어서는 performance status 및 병기(IIIa vs. IIIb)로 나타났다. 치료에 따른 급성부작용으로 RTOG/ECOG grade 2 이상의 오심, 구토는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독치료군 (22% vs. 6%)에 비해 유의하게 높은 빈도를 나타내었다. Gra de 2 이상의 혈액학적 독성은 Cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 빈도를 나타내었다(25% vs. 15.6%). 방사선단독치료군에 비해 cis platin- 방사선동시요법군에서, RTOG/ECOG Grade 2 이상의 폐독성의 빈도(31% vs. 19%)나 WHO Grade 3 이상의 폐섬유화의 빈도(38% vs. 25%)의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. 방사선치료부위의 면적이 200cm2 이상이었던 경우, 두군 모두에서 폐독성 빈도의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 높은 국소제어율을 나타내었으나, 전체생존율이나 무병생존율의 유의한 증가는 보이지 않았다. KPS 80이상인 환자군에 있어서는 cisplatin- 방사선동시요법군이 방사선단독군에 비해 높은 전체생존율을 보였다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군에서 급성부작용이 증가되는 경향을 보였으나, 방사선에 의한 폐독성의 유의한 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. cisplatin- 방사선동시병합요법군이 방사선단독치료군에 비해 1년 이내에 조기사망율이 높은 반면, 2년이상 장기생존율이 높은 경향을 보여, 이러한 환자군에 대한 장기적인 추적조사를 통해 생존율에 대한 본 치료의 영향을 좀더 명확하게 평가할 수 있을것으로 기대되며, 향후 치료효과를 증가시키기위해 large fraction size의 split course RT 대신 continuous course의 conventional RT 혹은 hyperfractionated RT와 Cisplatin의 동시병합요법 등이 고려되어야할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : This study was tried to evaluate the potential be nefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy (low dose daily cisplatin combined with split course radiation therapy) compared with conventional radiation thera py alone in stage III non- small cell lung cancer. The end points of analyses were responserate , overalls urvival, survival without locoregional failure , survival without distant metastasis , prognostic factors affecting survival and treatment related toxicities. Materials and Methods : Between April 1992 and March 1994, 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Radiation therapy for 2 weeks (300cGy given 10 times up to 3000cGy) followed by a 3 weeks rest period and then radiation therapy for 2 more weeks (250cGy given 10 times up to 2500cGy) was combined with 6mg/M2 of cisplatin. Follow-up period ranged from 13 months to 48 months with median of 24 months . Historical control group consisted of 32 patients who had stage III non-small cell lung cancer were received conventionally fractionated (daily 170- 200cGy) radiation therapy a lone. Total radiation dose ranged from 5580cGy to 7000cGy with median of 5940cGy. Follow-up period ranged from 36 months to 105 months with median of 62 months . Results : Complete reponse rate was higher in chemoradiation therapy (CRT) group than radiation therapy (RT) group (18.8% vs. 6.3%). CRT group showed lower in-field failure rate compared with RT group(25% vs. 47%). The overall survival rate had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group(17.5% vs. 9.4% at 2 years). The survival without locoregional failure (16.5% vs. 5.3% at 2 years) and survival without distant metastas is (17% vs. 4.6% at 2 years) also had no significant differences . In subgroup analyses for patients with good performance status (Karnofsky performance scale 80), CRT group showed significantly higher overall survival rate compared with RT group (62.5% vs. 15.6% at 2 years). The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were performance status and pathologic subtype (squamous cell cancer vs. nonsquamous cell cancer) in CRT group. In RT alone group, performance status and stage (IIIa vs IIIb) were identified as a prognostic factors . RTOG/EORTC grade 2-3 nausea and vomiting(22% vs. 6%) and bone marrow toxicities (25% vs. 15.6%) were significantly higher in CRT group compared with RT alone group. The incidence of RTOG/EORTC grade 3-4 pulmona ry toxicity had no significant differences in between CRT group and RT group (16% vs. 6%). The incidence of WHO grade 3-4 pulmonary fibrosis also had no significant differences in both group(38% vs . 25%). In analyses for relationship of field size and pulmonary toxicity, the patients who treated with field size beyond 200cm2 had s ignificantly higher rates of pulmonary toxicities. Conclusion : The CRT group showed significantly higher local control rate than RT group. There were no significant differences of survival rate in between two groups. The subgroup of patients who had good performa nce status showed higher overall survival rate in CRT group than RT group. In spite of higher incidence of acute toxicities with concurrent chemoradiation therapy, the survival gain in subgroup of patients with good pe rformance status were encouraging. CRT group showed higher rate of early death within 1 year, higher 2 year survival rate compared with RT group. The refore, to evaluate the accurate effect on survival of concurrent chemoradiation therapy, systematic follow-up for long term survivors are needed.

선천성 고혈압 흰쥐와 정상혈압 흰쥐의 교감신경성 신경전달에 미치는 부신수질 및 Renin-Angiotensin계의 역할

김인겸(In Kyeom Kim),김중영(Choong Young Kim) 대한약리학회 1994 대한약리학잡지 Vol.30 No.1

선천성 고혈압 흰쥐(SHR)와 정상혈압 흰쥐에서 교감신경성 신경전달에 미치는 부신수질 및 renin-angiotensin계의 역할을 알아보기 위해, 부신수질을 제거하거나 angiotensin 변환 효소 억제제를 장기간 처치한 뒤 중추신경계가 파괴된 상태에서 절전신경을 자극했을 때 나타나는 승압반응과 대동맥의 catecholamine농도 및 angiotensin 변환 효소 활성도의 변화를 비교 검토하였다. 부신수질을 제거하더라도 중추신경계를 파괴하기 전후의 혈압에는 영향을 주지 못했으며, 절전 신경 자극에 의한 승압반응은, 자극 주파수에 의존적으로 증가하였으며 prazosin 전처치로서 거의 완전히 억제되었다. 정상혈압 흰쥐에서와는 달리, 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서는 부신수질을 제거했을 때는 절전신경 자극에 의한 승압반응이 부신수질을 제거하지 않는 군(이하 대조군)에 비하여 유의하게 약화되었다. SHR에서 부신수질 제거로 부신 catecholamine 함량은 현저히 감소되었고, 혈청의 angiotensin 변환 효소 활성도는 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 혈장 및 대동맥 절편의 catecholamine 함량, 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변환 효소의 활성도는 대조군과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 WKY에서는 부신수질이 제거된 군에서 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변환 효소의 활성도와 catecholamine함량이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. Enalapril처치에 의해서 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐 평균 혈압은, 부신 catecholamine 함량 및 대동맥 절편의 angiotensin 변화 효소의 활성도와 함께 현저히 저하되어 정상혈압 흰쥐와 유사하였다. 그리고 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 부신수질의 제거로 절전신경 자극에 의한 승압반응이 대조군에 비하여 약화되는 현상은 enalapril을 처치하였을 때는 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 교감신경성 신경전달을 항진시키는 부신수질의 작용은 renin-angiotensin계의 활성화에 의존적이었으며, 부신수질의 제거로 정상혈압 흰쥐에서는 renin-angiotensin계가 보상적인 조절이 일어났으나, 선천성 고혈압 흰쥐에서는 보상적인 조절이 일어나지 않았다. To assess the role of adrenal medulla and renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of sympathetic neurotransmission, the pressor response to PNS was evaluated in pithed SHR and normotensive WKY or SDR with or without adrenal demedullation and/or enalapril pretreatment. Three weeks after adrenal demedullation, MAP and the heart rate of demedullated rats were similar to their corresponding sham-operated groups. The pressor response to PNS was frequency-dependent, and blocked by prazosin. In contrast to the normotensive rats, in SHR, the pressor response to PNS was attenuated in demedullated rats as compared with sham-operated rats. However, the attenuation of PNS-induced pressor responses in demedullated SHR was not observed in enalapril-treated SHR. The adrenal demedullation in SHR did not affect the plasma and aortic catecholamine contents in spite of the decreased catecholamine contents of adrenal gland, nor ACE activity in aortic strips. But, in WKY rats, the aortic catecholamines, especially epinephrine, contents as well as ACE activity were increased by adrenal demedullation. These results suggest that the facilitatory role of adrenal medulla in sympathetic neurotransmission depends upon the activation of renin-angiotensin system, and that the compensatory regulation of renin-angiotensin system takes place in normotensive rats but not in SHR.

뽕잎 차 섭취와 복합운동이 제 2형 당뇨병 환자의 혈중지질, 혈당 및 당화혈색소에 미치는 효과

김인재(Kim, In-Jae),이원재(Lee, Won-Jae),김진환(Kim, Jin-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the changes in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in each group when intaking Mulberry leaf tea(A), combined exercise(B), and combination of intaking Mulberry leaf tea and combined exercise(C) were applied to female patients with type 2 diabetes. The results are as follows. 1. For changes in TC level between different time points, it was significantly decreased in 5 weeks (p〈.05) and 10 weeks (p〈.01) after the program compared to that when A group was in stable. In addition, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that in 5 weeks after the program in all groups (p〈.01). There was no significant difference between groups. 2. For changes in TG level between different time points, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks (p〈.05) after the program compared to that when B group was in stable. In addition, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that in 5 weeks after the program in A and B groups (p〈.05). There was no significant difference between groups. 3. For changes in HDL-C level between different time points, it was significantly increased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that when A (p〈.05) and C (p〈.01) groups was in stable. In addition, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that in 5 weeks after the program in A group (p〈.01). For changes between groups, it was significantly increased in 10 weeks after the program in B group compared to that in C group (p〈.05). 4. For changes in LDL-C level between different time points, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that when A group was in stable (p〈.05). In addition, it was significantly decreased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that in 5 weeks after the program in A group (p〈.001). There was no significant difference between groups. 5. For changes in blood glucose level between different time points, it was significantly increased in 10 weeks after the program compared to that in 5 weeks after the program in C group (p〈.05). There was no significant difference between groups. 6. For changes in glycosylated hemoglobin level, there was no significant difference between different time points and between groups. However, it tended to be decreased between groups. In short, it was found that positive results were shown in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin when intaking Mulberry leaf tea, combined exercise, and combination of intaking Mulberry leaf tea and combined exercise were applied to female patients with type 2 diabetes. This study showed the scientific evidence to develop “Customized combined Standard Exercise Program”, and obtained the basic data to develop functional beverages and foods helpful to treatment for type 2 diabetes by using Mulberry leaf tea as the alternative medicine. This study established the basis being able to conduct research both the fields of sports science & nutrition and determine the effectiveness of which combined exercise and combination of intaking Mulberry leaf tea applied simultaneously to female patients with type 2 diabetes, and the results of this study also represented significant values in the aspect of the first attempt in Korea.

조기 위암의 위벽단축:상부 위장관 조영술과 병리 소견의 비교

김인재,최철순,김은아,김규선,윤구섭,김호철,배상훈,강구,신형식,Kim, In-Jae,Choi, Chul-Soon,Kim, Eun-Ah,Kim, Kyu-Sun,Yun, Ku-Sub,Kim, Ho-Chul,Bae, Sang-Hun,Kang, Gu,Shin, Hyung-Sik 대한영상의학회 1995 대한영상의학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Purpose : To investigate the causes of gastric wall shortening in ealy gastric cancer, upper gastrointestinalstudy was correlated with pathologic findings. Materials and Methods : We evaluated 41 cases (m:F=1.7:1, averageage=49) of early gastric cancer, retrospectively. The gastric wall shortening were classified as Grade I;none,Grade II;intermediate, and Grade III; prominent. Pathologic findings such as size of lesions, depth of tumorinvasion, degree of the submucosal fibrosis, degree of thickness of the submucosa and muscularis propria, andmorphologic patterns of lesions including conversing mucosal folds were correlated with the degree of gastric wallshortening on upper gastrointestinal series. Results : Submucosal fibrosis was present in 4 cases in Grade I(n=21), 4 cases in Grade II (n=6) and 8 cases in Grade III (n=10), Positive conversing mucosal folds were seen in 5cases in Grade I (n=17), 0 case in Grade II (n=2) and 9 cases in Grade III (n=9), Gastric wall shortening wassignificantly associated with submucosal fibrosis and conversing mucosal folds of early gastric cancer. (p=.0001and p=.002, respectively) Conclusion : Upper gastrointestinal finding of gastric wall protrusion in patients withearly gastric cancer should not misinterprete as advanced gastric cancer sine the finding could be a result ofsubmucosal fibrosis.

식민지시대 강제연행 실태

김인덕 ( Kim In-duck ) 한국민족운동사학회 2001 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.29 No.-

The period of “Forced Migration” was generally during the years 1939 to 1945. The first period is from Sep. 1939 to Feb. 1942, and it was used ,what is called, the method of “recruitment”. The second one was from Mar. 1942 to Aug. 1944. At that time, Korean Labour Association - an extra departmental body of the government - general of Korea was a mediator of workers and the main group of recruitment. Namely it was the period of Government-directed. The third one was from Sep. 1944 to Aug. 1945. By the application of National Mobilization Orders, “Forced Migration” was committed in public without distinction. Japan Government, Korean Government-general and its subordinate officers had deeply intervened in Forced Migration since the first period. The survey of actual condition is as follows; Labour Recruitment among forced migration tended to concentrate in about 16~22 year old men during the years 1943 to 1945 and they were sent to the whole Japan. Particularly it was proved that a great send-off party was held with band all together in case of large-scale migration. When they were migrated forcibly, they concentrated at elementary school, town hall and then they were sent to the country or city. Soon they went to Busan, Yeosu by train. Finally they generally arrived at Shimonoseki, Hakada by ship. Korean who went to Japan were sent to the whole Japan by train or truck. Mostly they were arranged at mine, a site of construction, and military establishments. One Korean was killed per rail-road line or one prop one. In those days, when a Korean entered the mine, he thought it “the death” and when he came out of the mine, he felt greatly relieved. In case of labour mobilization, they worked too much from 6 A.M. to 6~8 P.M. In the field they were given a blow simply because they were poor at work and almost Korean workers experienced the blow. They lived in a boarding house and 7~10 persons used a same room at least or they must live in a temporary military building, a barrack, nagaya, hamba etc. Korean workers were in need of food. Shortly they were pressed by hunger. They ate miscellaneous cereals. After having meal, they drank water and were full of stomach with water. They hardly got their wages and they drew a empty pay envelope written the nominal wages. As they protested against it, Japanese usually promised that they would get the wage in all when they return home. But there were few in that case. The company staffs in the field prevented them from breaking way, but continued to bolt in the shape of opposition. With the defeat of Japan(1945. 8. 15), many Korean workers wanted to return home but a few of them came their country by ship served by company. A large number of people remained abroad or chose the returning home through the private ship. As we examined above this, Forced Migration surely existed. Though we admitted the diversity of the contents, it is certain that there was substantial force. Besides no doubt that Forced Migration was the direct product of the colonial rule of Imperial Japan.