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‘혁명’의 실천과 실천적 ‘연애’ - 중국 연안(延安)시기 ‘연애’담론을 중심으로 -
김윤수 ( Yunsu Kim ) 성신여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2018 人文科學硏究 Vol.38 No.-
‘5.4신문화운동’ 시기에 전개된 다양한 여성해방론 중에서 ‘연애’는 많은 여성들로 하여금 가부장적, 봉건적 문화의 폐해를 자신의 문제로 느끼게 해주었기 때문에 많은 호응을 얻을 수 있었다. 서구에서 유입된, ‘서로를 사랑하는 두 사람 사이의 친밀한 관계’를 의미하는 ‘연애’라는 용어는 배움을 통해 서구의 문화를 익힐 수 있었던 신여성들의 전유물로 인식 되어졌다. 延安시기에도 소위 사적인 것으로 간주되는 ‘연애’, ‘혼인’, ‘가정’과 같은 여성들의 경험이 공적영역의 의제로 논의되었다. 이 시기의 ‘연애’는 근대적 의미의 낭만적 사랑과 계몽적 성격을 지닌 ‘자유연애’ 담론과 달리, ‘혁명의 실천’을 의미하였다. ‘연애’는 이데올로기적 성격을 띤 사유와 행동양식이 되었으며, 이 시기의 ‘연애’담론은 개인주의적 성격을 벗어나 사회에 대한 책무가 강조됨으로써 근대의 사적 영역과 공적 영역이 조우하는 새로운 방식을 만들어냈다. 5.4신문화운동 시기, 여성의 ‘연애’를 성적방종으로 치부하였던 남성중심 논리와 마찬가지로, 延安시기에는 여성의 ‘연애’가 ‘혁명’으로 환원되지 않는 개인성의 추구로 인식되어 억압되었으며 호기심의 대상으로 전락되기도 하였다. 또한 여성성을 ‘가정’의 범주로 제한하는 전략으로 인해 여성에 대한 억압은 여전히 지속될 수밖에 없었고, ‘혁명’과 ‘항전’이 가지는 정당성으로 인해 여성에 대한 억압은 더욱 은폐될 수밖에 없었다. ‘Love’, among various feminist theories deployed during the ‘May Fourth Movement’ period, naturally won immense responses as it made many women to realize the evils of patriarchal and feudal cultures, which were the issues that concerned them. The word ‘love’ was introduced by the West and referred to a ‘close relationship between two persons who are in love with each other’. Love was perceived as an exclusive property of modern women who became familiar with the Western culture through learning. Women’s experiences that are considered private such as ‘Love’ and ‘Family’ had been also discussed as topics in public sphere in the Yenan Era. ‘Love’ in the Yenan Era referred to practice of revolution rather than romantic love in modern sense and ‘Free Love’ of enlightening nature. The perception of love and the method of expression regarding ‘Love’ and marriage became the reason and patterns of behavior of ideological nature. The discourse on love during this period emphasized on the responsibilities toward the society beyond the individualistic nature and created a new method that combined private and public spheres of modern age. Like the male-centered theory which regarded women’s ‘Love’ as sexual laxity during the ‘May Fourth Movement’, women’s love was considered as a pursuit of individuality which does not return to revolution, thereby suppressing the suffering during the Yenan Era and degenerating into the subject of lascivious curiosity. Moreover, the suppression of women continued during the wartime due to the strategy that limited femininity to the scope of ‘family’ and was concealed even further due to the justification claimed by revolution and resistance to Japan.
김윤수 ( Kim Yunsu ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.72
In the early stage of establishing New China, the government claimed to support a new socialist image of women liberated from feudalism. Thus, the ‘prostitutes’ had to be reborn as ‘workers who could make a living by themselves’ by working at productive labor. The works handling the alteration of prostitutes mostly show the rehabilitation through labor as a theme while the work Red Powder is mainly composed of a desire for material and erotism. The work Red Powder shows the ‘desire’ that was considered as a taboo in the socialist ideology of the time. By placing the ‘tabooed’ code such as ‘desire’ in front of the work, it is against the ideology that the new Chinese society was aiming for at that time. The realization of erotism between a prostitute Xiao e and a son of ruined upper class Lao pu of the characters includes the resistance to deviate from socialist ideology, which needs to be paid attention. The work Red Powder shows a beauty of tragedy and sorrow by focusing on the looks of characters who failed in adapting themselves to the new social structure of new China, and the devices like ‘taboo’ and ‘violation’ are playing the central role in this work. The characters of this work are the ones alienated from the time such as prostitute, disabled person, and surplus human. Both Xiao e who refused to work, and Lao pu who was living lethargically refused to be rehabilitated into socialist-type humans, which means they are the ones who already violated the social ‘taboo’ as the people who were ousted to the outside the boundary of state. Just as the women’s desire for consumption is usually connected to moral disorder and violation of sexual custom, Xiao e is also described as a morally-dissolute, extravagant, and femme fatale look. Her femme fatale aspect could be seen when she freely used her own sexual allure to get what she wanted. And due to her vanity and extravagance, her husband Lao pu embezzled the company’s public funds, and eventually, faced a tragedy of being shot to death. Such a tragic ending for those two main characters who broke social ‘taboo’ not only means the failure of erotism, but also shows a discord between personal self and ordered society.
섹슈얼리티와 사적 욕망, 그리고 사회주의 서사의 균열 ― 손리(孙犁)의 <철목전전(铁木前传)(1956)>을 중심으로
金潤秀 ( Kim Yunsu ) 중국어문연구회 2020 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.98
Tie Mu Qian Zhuan contains a message to actively join labor activities and to contribute to building ideal socialist China superficially. However, the end of the novel shows Maner who pursues her own happiness instead of being assimilated, reunion of Maner and Liuer, and their ‘road trip’, all of which indicate that there is ulterior narration structure differentiated from the superficial narration structure. In addition, in the ulterior narration structure, there is conflict between an individual, represented by Maner, and village people, and this conflict is originated from Maner’s sexuality and personal desire. Maner is not only free form the female appearance in the general socialism narration but also very complicated in the figure. Maner, who has complex aspect, seems skeptical about the socialism norms, and she also defies the suppressive norms by going on a road trip with beloved Liuer. Maner, who freely crosses social norms and orders with her sexuality and desire, causes crevice in the socialism narration in the novel. Maner represents outdated female that is never reformed from the socialism narration perspecrive of those days, but she can give catharsis of violation as she penetrates patriarchal suppression that socialism ideology has and lives freely following her desire.
자동차 산업 오픈 데이터 포털 구축을 위한 데이터 품질분석 방안 연구
김윤수(Yunsu Kim),천준하(Junha Chun) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2022 No.11
With the development of next-generation automobile technologies such as autonomous driving and electric vehicles, many open data portals have obtained automobile industry data which is needed to train a machine learning models. However, most portals only deal with general information such as data formatting and administrator information, but do not provide users with the quality information of the data they need. In this paper, we study data quality analysis methods for open data portals. We explore internationally used data quality analysis indicators and select indicators that open data portal administrators can provide to users without additional metadata. In addition, we discuss how to apply the selected evaluation indicators to the real automobile industry open data portal and visually deliver quality analysis information to users.