NH₃/ O₂산화법으로 성장한 산화막의 특성평가

김영조(Young-Cho Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.2

O₂기체에 NH₃/O₂기체를 첨가하여 실리콘 표면에 산화막을 형성하는 NH₃/O₂산화법에 의한 산화 공정시 반응석영관 외부에 방출하는 기체는 N₂, O₂및 H₂O이며 극소량의 CO₂, NO 및 NO₂가 검출되었다. 두 종류의 산화제(O₂및 H₂O)가 산화에 기여하며 성장률은 NH₃및 O₂의 부분압과 온도에 의해 결정되며, 그 기울기는 건식 및 습식 산화법의 중간에 평행하게 위치함을 확인하였다. Auger Electron Spectroscopy(AES) 측정결과 NH₃/O₂산화막은 정확한 SiO₂의 화학량론을 가지며 SiO₂/Si 계면에 발생하는 결함을 억제하며 고정전하의 발생을 최소화함을 알 수 있었다 . NH₃/O₂ 산화막(470Å)의 항복전압을 57.5 Volt이며, C-V특성곡선을 측정한 결과 플랫밴드 전압은 0.29 Volt이며 곡선의 형태는 이상곡선과 일치하였다. In the oxidation process of the NH₃/O₂ oxidation method, adding NH₃ gas to O₂ gas, the detected outlet gases in the reaction quartz chamber are N₂, O₂and H₂O and in addition, a very small quantity of CO₂, NO and NO₂ are detected. Two kinds of species (O₂ and H₂O) contribute to oxidation, so the growth rate is determined by oxidation temperture and by also partial pressure of the NH₃ and O₂ gases. The slop of growth rate is identified to be medial and in parallel between that of the dry and wet oxidation. Auger electon spectroscopy (AES) indicates that NH₃/O₂ oxide film has a certain stoichiometry of SiO₂, this oxidation method restrains the generation of defects in the SiO₂/Si interface, minimizing fixed charges. The breakdown voltage of NH₃/O₂ oxide film (470Å) is 57.5 volts, and the profile of the C-V curve including flat band voltage (0.29 volts) agree with the ideal curve.

Polyesters Syntheses via Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Polycondensation Reaction

김영조,유동성,김진일 ( Young Cho Kim,Dong Seong Ryu,Jin Il Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1991 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1990 No.3

(C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇를 이용한 치환 벤질 알코올류의 산화반응과 반응속도에 관한 연구

박영조 ( Young Cho Park ),김영식 ( Young Sik Kim ),김수종 ( Soo Jong Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2017 공업화학 Vol.28 No.5

4,4`-비피리딘과 크롬(VI) 산화물을 반응시켜 (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>을 합성하였다. 적외선분광광도법(FT-IR)과 원소분석으로 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 용매 하에서 (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>을 이용하여 벤질알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, 용매의 유전상수 값이 증가함에 따라 반응수율이 증가했다. 그 순서는 DMF (N,N`-디메틸포름아미드) > 아세톤 > 클로로포름 > 시클로헥센이었다. H₂SO₄ 촉매를 이용한 DMF 용매 하에서, (C₁₀-H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇은 벤질알코올(H)과 그의 유도체들(p-OCH₃, m-CH₃, m-OCH₃, m-Cl, m-NO₂)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 전자받개 그룹들은 반응속도가 감소한 반면에 전자주개 치환체들은 반응속도를 증가시켰고, Hammett 반응상수(ρ) 값은 -0.70 (308 K)이었다. 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어났다. (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ was synthesized by reacting 4,4`-bipyridine and chromium (VI) trioxide. The structure of the product was characterized with FT-IR (infrared spectroscopy) and elemental analysis. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the solvent dielectric constant, in the order of DMF (N,N`-dimethylformamide) > acetone > chloroform > cyclohexane. In the presence of DMF, an acidic catalyst such as H₂SO₄ (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ oxidized benzyl alcohol (H) and its derivatives (p-OCH₃, m-CH₃, m-OCH₃, m-Cl, m-NO₂). Electron donating substituents accelerated the reaction rate, whereas electron acceptor groups retarded the reaction rate. Hammett reaction constant (ρ) was -0.70 (308 K). The observed experimental data were used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate determining step.

대전입자형 디스플레이에 있어서 입자뭉침의 분석 및 구동특성 개선에 관한 연구

김영조,Kim, Young-Cho 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.11

We analyzed various forces affective to the charged particles in closed space, to explain the image degradation and lifetime-shortening phenomena because of particle lumping which is one of the serious problems in reflective displays. It is possible to predict the quantity of q/m which is the most important parameter in determining the optical and electrical characteristics, by calculating the image force and kinetic energy. For stable driving, the quantity of q/m must be in the defined range but it changes during the fabrication process, so we added the filtering process to solve this problem and obtained the well-defined nonlinear driving voltage coinciding with the threshold voltage. And we obtained the fully-driving property which prevents the particle lumping and decides the image quality and lifetime of panel from the optical characteristics and occupation surface of moving particles.

(C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇를 이용한 알코올들의 산화반응과 반응속도에 관한 연구

박영조,김수종,Park, Young-Cho,Kim, Soo-Jong 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.6

We synthesized (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇, The structure of the product was characterized with FT-IR(infrared) and elemental analysis. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ in organic solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ in DMF, acetone. As a resuit, (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ was found as efficicent oxidizing agent that converted benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones(65%~95%). The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ in DMF, acetone. (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ was selective oxidizing agent(15%~95%) of benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary ones. In the presence of DMF solvent with acidic catalyst such as H₂SO₄. (C₁₀H₈N₂H)₂Cr₂O₇ oxidized benzyl alcohol(H) and its derivatives. The Hammett reaction constant(ρ) was -0.69(308K). The observed experimental data were used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate determining step.

크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물에 의한 알코올류의 산화반응에 대한 반응속도론적 연구

박영조,김수종,Park, Young-Cho,Kim, Soo-Jong 중소기업융합학회 2021 융합정보논문지 Vol.11 No.9

유기공업 화학에서 알코올류의 산화제에 대해 연구가 많이 진행 되고 있으며, 그중에서도 크롬(VI)-계열의 시약들이 산화제로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 그리고 일차알코올을 알데히드로만 산화시키는 산화제와 메카니즘 규명이 필요하게 되었다. 이러한 연구의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 퀴놀린과 chromium(VI) trioxide을 반응시켜 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물[(C₉H₇NH)₂Cr₂O₇]을 합성하여, FT-IR 및 원소분석에서 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 유기용매를 사용하여 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물에 의한 벤질 알코올의 산화반응은 유전상수 값이 큰 유기용매인 N,N'-dimethylformamide에서 높은 산화반응성을 보였다. N,N'-dimethylformamide 용매를 사용하여 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물은 치환 벤질 알코올류를 효율적으로 산화시켰고, Hammett 반응상수(ρ)=-0.69(303 K) 이였다. 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 chromate ester 형성과정과, 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어나는 반응경로임을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 크롬(VI)-퀴놀린 화합물은 벤질알코올, 알릴알코올, 일차알코올 및 이차알코올류를 알데히드나 케톤으로 전환시키는 효율적인 산화제로, 이차알코올류 존재 하에서 벤질알코올, 알릴알코올, 일차알코올의 선택적인 산화제로 사용할 수 있다. Cr(VI)-quinoline compound[(C₉H₇NH)₂Cr₂O₇] was synthesized by the reaction between of quinoline and chromium(VI) trioxide, and structure was FT-IR, elemental analysis. The oxidation ability of benzyl alcohol greatly depends upon the dielectric constant of the used organic solvent, where carbon tetrachloride was worst and N,N'-dimethylformamide was best solvent. Noticeably, in N,N'-dimethylformamide solvent, Cr(VI)-quinoline compound oxidized substituted benzyl alcohols. The Hammett reaction constant(ρ)=-0.69(303K). As a resuit, Cr(VI)-quinoline compound was found as efficicent oxidizing agent that converted benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, primary alcohol and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. Cr(VI)-quinoline compound was selective oxidizing agent of benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary alcohol ones.

Polyesters Syntheses via Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Polycondensation Reaction

김영조 ( Young Cho Kim ),유동성 ( Dong Seong Ryu ),김진일 ( Jin Il Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1991 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1991 No.0

Novel Polyesters were succesfully synthesized by palladium catalyzed carbonylative polycondensation of xylene dibromides and various diols with carbon monoxide. The effects of reaction variables, such as catalysts, bases, solvents, carbon monoxide pressure, and reaction temperature, were discussed in detail for the reaction of p-dibromoxylene and 2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane with carbon monoxide. The polyesters were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, GPC, DSC, TGA, and polarizing microscope.

C<SUB>9</SUB>H<SUB>7</SUB>NHCrO₃Cl에 의한 알코올류의 산화반응에서 속도론과 메카니즘

박영조(Young-Cho Park),김영식(Young-Sik Kim),김수종(Soo-Jong Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

C9H7NH과 크롬 (VI) 산화물을 반응시켜 C9H7NHCrO₃Cl을 합성하였다. 적외선 분광광도법 (FT-IR)과 원소 분석으로 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 용매 하에서 C9H7NHCrO₃Cl을 이용하여 벤질 알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, 용매의 유전상수 값 (ε), 이 증가함에 따라 반응 수율이 증가했다. 그 순서는 DMF (N,N`-디메틸포름아미드) > 아세톤 > 클로로포름 > 시클로헥센 이었다. DMF 용매 하에서 C9H7NHCrO₃Cl을 이용하여 여러 가지 알코올류의 산화반응을 측정한 결과, C9H7NHCrO₃Cl은 벤질 알코올, 알릴 알코올, 일차 알코올 및 이차 알코올류를 그에 대응하는 알데히드나 케톤 (75%-95%)으로 전환시키는 효율적인 산화제였다. DMF 용매 하에서 C9H7NHCrO₃Cl을 이용하여 여러 가지 알코올류의 선택적인 산화반응을 측정한 결과, C9H7NHCrO₃Cl은 이차 알코올류 존재 하에서 벤질 알코올, 알릴 알코올, 일차 알코올류의 선택적인 산화제였다. H₂SO₄ 촉매를 이용한 DMF 용매 하에서, C9H7NHCrO₃Cl은 벤질 알코올 (H)과 그의 유도체들 (p-OCH₃, m-CH₃, m-OCH₃, m-Cl, m-NO₂)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 전자 받개 그룹들은 반응 속도가 감소한 반면에 전자 주개 치환체들은 반응 속도를 증가시켰고, Hammett 반응상수 (ρ) 값은 –0.69 (308K) 이었다. 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어났다. C9H7NHCrO₃Cl was synthesized by reacting C9H7NH with chromium (VI) trioxide. The structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol by C9H7NHCrO3Cl in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with increasing dielectric constant(ε) in the following order: DMF (N,N`-dimethylformamide) > acetone > chloroform > cyclohexane. The oxidation of alcohols was examined by C9H7NHCrO₃Cl in DMF. As a result, C9H7NHCrO₃Cl was found to be an efficient oxidizing agent that converts benzyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, primary alcohols, and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones (75%-95%). The selective oxidation of alcohols was also examined by C9H7NHCrO₃Cl in DMF. C9H7NHCrO₃Cl was the selective oxidizing agent of benzyl, allyl and primary alcohol in the presence of secondary ones. In the presence of DMF with an acidic catalyst, such as H₂SO₄, C9H7NHCrO₃Cl oxidized benzyl alcohol (H) and its derivatives (p-OCH₃, m-CH₃, m-OCH₃, m-Cl, and m-NO₂). Electron donating substituents accelerated the reaction rate, whereas electron acceptor groups retarded the reaction rate. The Hammett reaction constant (ρ) was -0.69 (308K). The observed experimental data were used to rationalize hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.

3전극형 반사형 디스플레이의 단일컬러 구현 및 구동방법

이상일,김영조,Lee, Sang-Il,Kim, Young-Cho 한국전기전자재료학회 2015 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.28 No.2

We realize a color reflective display without any color filter and sub-pixelation concept, by which the full or single color realization is basically impossible. In this study, we use a 3-electrode on the lower substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The width of a rib is $30{\mu}m$, a cell size is $150{\mu}m{\times}150{\mu}m$, and the space of lower electrodes is $10{\mu}m$. To get the single color, we drive this panel by a identical algorithm based on the movement of charged particle in color fluid within a cell with hermetic seal. According to the driving method, the lifetime of panel is different.

에이징 공정이 대전입자 운동에 미치는 영향

김인호(Kim, In-Ho),김영조(Kim, Young-Cho) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.6

본 논문은 대전입자형 디스플레이의 입자층과 상판과 하판의 전극간격(cell gap)으로 전압특성을 분석하여 에이징 전압 인가 전, 후의 응답속도를 측정하였다. 입자층이 증가할수록 비례하여 문턱/구동/항복 전압이 증가하였고 응답속도는 켈러입자와 검정입자의 q/m값의 차이로 문턱/항복 전압보다 구동전압에서의 응답속도가 빠른 것을 확인하였다. 응답속도는 레이저와 포토다이오드를 이용하여 광학특성으로 측정하였고 입자의 뭉침현상은 aging공정으로 최소화 하였다. 아직까지 대전입자형 디스플레이의 응답속도와 문턱/구동/항복 전압 및 입자주입층, cell gap, aging공정에 관하여 보고된 바 없으며 이에 상관관계를 평가하고 영향을 분석하였다. We analyze voltage characteristics of charged particle type display according to particle layers and cell gap between two electrodes and ascertain the aging effects by measuring the response time of particles with and without aging process. The threshold/driving/breakdown voltage is proportional to layers of charged particles and cell gap and the response time at driving voltage is faster than that of threshold and breakdown voltage because of different q/m of color and black particles. The analysis of response time is a method of estimation of optical characteristics, driving voltage and particle lumping and these results are promoted by aging process. We use the laser and photodiode to measure response time and optical properties. It has not been studied and reported to analyze the relationship of response time, threshold/driving/breakdown voltage, lumping phenomena, cell gap, and aging process for charged particle type display.