고압주조법에 따른 ADC12 합금의 미세조직과 기계적 성질

김억수,김용현,이광학,김흥식,김영홍 ( Ok Soo Kim,Yong Hyun Kim,Kwang Hak Lee,Heung Sik Kim,Young Hong Kim ) 한국주조공학회 1996 한국주조공학회지 Vol.16 No.1

N/A Front housings(a part for automobile) were die cast using ADC12 alloy by various die casting techniques such as ordinary die casting(OD), squeeze casting(SQ) and partial squeeze-pore free die casting(POD). Casting defects of those front housings and their mechanical properties were examined and compared. Casting defects such as blowholes and pinholes normally formed in OD method were eliminated by applying SQ or POD techniques. Tensile strength and elongation of die casting produced by SQ or POD techniques were 1.4 and 2.6 times higher than that of ordinary die castings. Tensile strength and elongation of ADC12 alloy front housings produced by SQ or POD techniques were increased by T6 treatment up to 38㎏/㎟ and 2.7 % respectively.

Antiangiogenic Activity of Coptis chinensis Franch. Water Extract in in vitro and ex vivo Angiogenesis Models

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Seo Ho Kim(김서호),Jin-Ho Lee(이진호),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

혈관신생, 즉 새로운 혈관형성은 종양의 성장과 전이에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 암 치료에 중요한 목표물이 되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 황련 냉수추출물의 혈관신생 억제작용의 효과를 밝히고 항암제로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. Ex vivo rat aortic ring assay 실험결과 신생혈관성장을 억제하는 결과를 확인하였고, 이것을 통해 황련 냉수추출물이 혈관신생과정의 주요한 단계와 내피세포의 증식, 이동, 침투, 혈관내피세포자극인자에 의한 반응으로 모세관 모양의 관 형성작용을 억제함을 알아내었다. 또한 황련 냉수추출물을 처리하였을 때, 세포주기가 억제되고 VEGF에 의한 반응으로 인해 G0/G1 주기에서 S 주기로 가는 과정을 예방하고, VEGF에 의해 활성화가 유도되는 MMP-2, MMP-9이 감소되었다. 따라서 이들의 결과는 황련 냉수추출물이 종양의 발달 단계중 혈관신생을 방해하는 잠재적인 항암약물의 소재로 고려될 수 있음을 제안한다. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, it has become an important target in cancer therapy. Novel anticancer pharmaceutical products that have relatively few side effects or are non-cytotoxic must be developed, and such products may be obtained from traditional herbal medicines. Coptis chinensis Franch. is an herb used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and diabetes. However, potential antiangiogenic effects of C. chinensis water extract (CCFWE) have not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiangiogenic effect of CCFWE in order to evaluate its potential for an anticancer drug. We found that the treatment with CCFWE inhibited the major steps of the angiogenesis process, such as the endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary-like tube formation in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and also resulted in the growth inhibition of new blood vessels in an ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. We also observed that CCFWE treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, preventing the G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression in response to VEGF. In addition, the treatment reduced the VEGF-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Taken together, these findings indicate that CCFWE should be considered a potential anticancer therapy against pathological conditions where angiogenesis is stimulated during tumor development.

Hot-water Extract of Rubus Coreanus Miquel Suppresses VEGF-induced Angiogenesis

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Hye Jin Kim(김혜진),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.12

약초 추출물을 이용한 혈관신생 억제는 많은 고형종양을 치료하기 위한 효과적인 방안으로 인식되어 왔다. 현재까지 가장 효과적으로 종양을 억제하는 방법은 VEGF-유도성 혈관형성 경로를 목표로 하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 처음으로 복분자 온수추출물의 혈관형성 억제효과를 in vitro와 ex vivo 실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 복분자 온수추출물은 VEGF-유도성 혈관신생을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 ERK와 p38의 인산화, MMP의 활성화를 억제하였다. 또한, 복분자 온수추출물은 VEGF에 의해서 유도된 VEGFR2 인산화를 억제하였다. 이 결과들은 복분자 온수추출물이 VEGFR2의 인산화를 저해함으로써 혈관신생을 억제하고 이것은 혈관신생과 관련된 질병을 치료하는데 좋은 소재가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The interruption of angiogenesis using herbal extracts is now recognized as a useful approach for treating many solid tumors. To date, the best-validated antitumor approach is to target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic pathway. In the present study, we first identified the antiangiogenic activity of a hot-water extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCMHE) in vitro and ex vivo. This extract suppressed VEGF-induced angiogenesis, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RCMHE also inhibited the VEGF-responsive phosphorylation of VEGFR2. These results clearly show that RCMHE may have potential therapeutic value for angiogenesis-associated human diseases through the suppression of angiogenesis and the interruption of the phosphorylation of VEGFR2.

Hot Water Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibits Migration, Invasion and Tube Formation in a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Model and a Rat Aortic Ring Sprouting Model

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Kiho Bae(배기호),Han Sung Kim(김한성),Yeong-Min Yoo(유영민),Michael Gelinsky(겔린스키 미첼),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

혈관신생의 억제는 암과 같은 신생혈관형성 질환의 치료를 위해 유용한 접근법이다. 신생혈관형성의 핵심인자인 혈관내피세포성장인자는 신생혈관형성 질환의 치료를 위한 주요한 표적이다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 in vitro 분석과 ex vivo 동물 실험을 통해 황금 열수추출물의 신생혈관형성 억제효과를 연구했다. 본 연구결과에서 황금 열수추출물이 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 자극된 혈관내피세포에 있어 세포독성 없이 세포의 이동, 침투, 관형성을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 더 나아가 황금 열수추출물은 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 유도된 흰쥐 대동맥 주변 미세혈관 발아를 예방하였다. 본 연구결과들은 황금 열수추출물이 신생혈관형성 억제작용이 있고, 이는 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 유도된 혈관신생을 억제 하는 잠재적 소재가 될 수 있음을 제안한다. Angiogenesis is essential for the pathophysiological processes of embryogenesis, tissue growth, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of angiogenic diseases such as cancer. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis is also necessary for tumor development and metastasis. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, cause robust and rapid changes in blood vessels of tumors and therefore VEGF constitutes a target for such anti-angiogenic therapy. Recently, since natural compounds pose significantly less risk of deleterious side effects than synthetic compounds, a great many natural resources have been assessed for useful substance for anti-angiogenic treatment. Here we evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of a hot water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBHWE) using in vitro assays and ex vivo animal experiments. Our results show that SBHWE dose-dependently abrogated vascular endothelial responses by inhibiting VEGF-stimulated migration and invasion as well as tube formation in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, without cytotoxicity, as determined by a cell viability assay. Further study revealed that SBHWE prevented VEGF-induced neovascularization in a rat aortic ring sprouting model. Taken together, our findings reveal an anti-angiogenic activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and suggest that SBHWE is a novel candidate inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.

The Anti-angiogenic Potential of a Phellodendron amurense Hot Water Extract in Vitro and ex Vivo

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Seo Ho Kim(김서호),Kiho Bae(배기호),Han Sung Kim(김한성),Michael Gelinsky(겔린스키 미첼),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

신생혈관형성을 억제하는 것은 최근들어 많은 고형암의 치료에 있어서 매우 유용한 접근 방법이다. 현재까지 가장 잘 알려진 접근 방법은 신생혈관형성의 핵심인자인 혈관내피세포성장인자(VEGF)를 표적으로 하는 방법이다. 다양한 화학예방 물질들을 포함하는 많은 자연의 생산물들이나 추출물들은 그들의 항신생혈관형성 성질을 통하여 악성종양의 성장을 억제하고 있다. 황백은 항종양, 항균, 항염증 및 그외 다른 생물학적 작용을 가지고 있는, 오래전부터 널리 사용되어온 한국 전통 약재이다. 우리는 종양의 성장, 침투, 전이에 있어서 매우 중요한 과정인 신생혈관형성에 미치는 황백 온수추출물의 효과를 연구하였다. 황백 온수추출물의 항신생혈관형성 효과를 확인하기 위해서 혈관 내피세포의 성장, 이동, 침투, 관형성 그리고, 자이모그램 분석을 수행하였으며, 흰쥐 대동맥 주변 미세혈관 발아실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 황백 온수추출물은 혈관내피세포성장인자(VEGF)에 의해 유도되는 혈관내피세포의 성장, 이동, 침투, 관형성 그리고, 대동맥의 혈관발아를 억제하는 효과를 in vitro와 ex vivo 실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 또한, 황백 추출물은 VEGF에 의해 유도되는 기질금속단백질분해효소 (MMP)-2와 -9의 활성화를 저해하였다. 본 연구 결과들은 황백 온수추출물의 신생혈관형성 억제작용이 암과 같은 혈관신생과 관련된 질병을 치료하는데 좋은 소재가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Blocking new blood-vessel formation (angiogenesis) is now recognized as a useful approach to the therapeutic treatment of many solid tumors. The best validated approach to date is to target the vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF) pathway, a key regulator of angiogenesis. Many natural products and extracts that contain a variety of chemopreventive compounds have been shown to suppress the development of malignancies through their anti-angiogenic properties. Phellodendron amurense, which is widely used in Korean traditional medicine, has been shown to possess antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. The present study investigated the effects of P. amurense hot-water extract (PAHWE) on angiogenesis, a key process in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. To investigate PAHWE’s anti-angiogenic properties, this study’s authors performed an analysis of angiogenesis and endothelial-cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, as well as zymogram assays and the rat aortic ring-sprouting assay. PAHWE inhibited cell growth, mobility, and vessel formation in response to VEGF in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, it reduced VEGF-induced intracellular signaling events, such as the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9. These results indicate that PAHWE’s anti-angiogenic properties might lead to the development of potential drugs for treating angiogenesis-associated diseases such as cancer.

천연분말상 유흡착제에서 유류의 생물학적 분해

김향미(Hyang-Me Kim),김동근(Dong-Gun Kim),박성진(Sung-Jin Park),김억조(Eok-Jo Kim),김홍기(Hong-Ki Kim),김인수(In-Su Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2001 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

nPFDC법에 의한 고품위 알루미늄합금 성형기술

김억수(E. S. Kim),윤필환(P. H. Yoon),강호정(H. J. Kang),박진영(J. Y. Park) 한국생산제조학회 2019 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

문학과 건축

김억중(Kim Uk-Joong) 대한건축학회 2010 建築 Vol.54 No.3

X선을 이용한 선충(C. Elegans)의 봉한관(BongHan Ducts) 탐구

김억만 ( E. M. Kim ),촤종범 ( J. B. Choi ) 전북대학교 과학교육연구소 2009 과학과 과학교육 논문지 Vol.34 No.-

환유에 기초한 국어 차원형용사의 중화에 대한 해석

김억조(Eok Jo Kim) 언어과학회 2012 언어과학연구 Vol.60 No.-

The aim of this paper is to construe neutralization of Korean dimensional adjectives based on metonymy. All our knowledge of the world is a structured frame, that is to say an idealized cognitive model. In this paper, a viewpoint of the dimensional adjectives is that the frame or the idealized cognitive model is a whole with parts. The frame is conceptualized as the whole with parts, so it gives rise to a metonymy relationship of whole and parts form and part and part form. The metonymy, a very essential and conceptual mechanism in a human thinking and language, is a cognitive method that is foregrounding a source and backgrounding a goal to reflect in a concept structure of the goal. In other world, the metonymy is a cognitive process that if two substances in a same one area are in a relation of contiguity, one substances ``media`` rouses a mental approach to the other substance ``goal``. In the last study, the Korean dimensional adjective is showed that each a supra-terms and sub-terms are consist of contraposition of unmarkedness and markedness, and appear as a neutralized term. This study shows that the neutralization of the Korean dimensional adjective is from the metonymy and cognitive things are its cause, so it is the problem of degree. The metonymic relation which is the parts representing the whole, in other word, the dimensional adjective which uses the supra-terms representing a whole criterion, is for ``length, height, depth, width, thickness, size`` out of eight pairs excepting ``distance.`` On the contrary, the metonymic relation which is the whole representing the parts, ``distance`` is an example of the term representing the whole criterion which is used as the supra-terms. Based on the metonymy, there is a neutralized term that the part represents the whole or the whole represents the part, and therefore there is a difference in degree. The supra-terms length, height, depth, width recognized as a basic level is clearly marked down as the neutralized term, but thickness, size, distance which is not recognized as the level, is not distinctly cognized. In addition, the reason why the supra-terms is not neutralized in ``far or distant/close or near`` is that ``distance`` is a concept of ``length``. ``Length`` is recognized as the basic level, so it is left a blank space in the position of ``distance``. Furthermore, it is more complicated in two dimensions than one dimension and three dimensions more than two dimensions. For this reason of a cognitive salience, ``thick`` is not appeared noticeably in ``thick:small/thin`` and ``big`` is not appeared conspicuously in ``big/small``. The frequently used words seem to be recognized more clearly by language users, the cognitive salience also appears in a word order.