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김안식(Kim, An Sik),박병선(Park, Byung Seon) 한국교정상담심리학회 2021 교정상담학연구 Vol.6 No.1
교정시설(교도소, 구치소) 내 수용자의 과밀수용은 수용자에게 최소한의 수용 공간이 보장되지 않아수용자의 인권을 침해할 우려가 있는 중대한 문제다. 이러한 과밀수용 해소를 위해서 지금까지 미결수용자의 구속 제한, 가석방의 확대, 벌금과 보호관찰과 같은 전환제도의 활용, 가택구금, 그리고 교정시설의 신축 등이 시행되었다. 우리나라의 경우, 과밀수용이 심각한 수준은 아니라 하더라도, 일부 교도소와구치소는 과밀수용의 문제를 안고 있으며, 이는 수용자의 인권침해를 야기하기도 한다. 이와 관련하여구치소의 한 수용자가 과밀수용으로 인하여 인권침해를 당하였다는 이유로 2012년에 헌법소원을 제기하였으며, 이에 대해 헌법재판소는 과밀수용이 수용자의 인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 침해하여 위헌이라는 취지의 결정을 내렸다(2016. 12. 29.). 이러한 결정에 따라 그 후속 조치로서, 형의 집행 및수용자의 처우에 관한 법률(이하 ｢형집행법｣이라고 한다.)의 개정이 이루어졌고(2019. 4. 23), 과밀수용해결을 위한 법적 근거가 마련되었다. 법무부 교정본부는 개정 조항인 형집행법 제5조의 2에 따라, 형의 집행 및 수용자의 처우에 관한 기본계획(교정기본계획)을 매 5년마다 수립하고 이를 실시하게되었다. 그 첫 번째 시도로서, 2020년 제1차 교정기본계획이 수립되었다. 본 연구는 교정시설 과밀수용의 원인과 문제점, 관련 사항에 대한 형집행법의 개정 과정 및 그 내용, 그리고 그 개정 법률에 근거하여수립된 제1차 교정기본계획을 발전적으로 고찰하였다. Overcrowding in the correctional facilities is considered a problem provoked by the lack of guarantee of a minimal space for an inmate to live in a cell and the violation of inmates’ human rights. To solve overcrowding, various methods such as restriction of incarceration of prisoner on trial, expansion of parole, exercise of diverse disposition, home attention and construction of new facilities have been implemented. Even though Korea in general has not faced that kind of serious overcrowding issues, some prisons and detention houses have had trouble provoking the violation of human rights. One case in which an inmate filed a lawsuit on the ground that his human rights were infringed upon by overcrowding in the dormitory of a detention house, the Constitutional Court of Korea decided the overcrowding violated inmate’s dignity and virtue as human beings and was against the Constitutional Law on 29 Dec. 2016. Following the decision, the revision of ‘The Penal Execution and the Treatment of Inmates Act’ was passed by the National Assembly on 23 April, 2019, and provides a legal base to resolve overcrowding. The articles of the Revision Act authorizes the Korean Correctional Service(under the Ministry of Justice) to make the Basic Plan for the penal execution and the treatment of inmates every 5 years. According to the Revision Act, the first basic correctional plan on the penal execution and the treatment of inmates was established in 2020 as the method of realizing the revised law. This article studied causes and problems of overcrowding, the revision process and contents of the penal law, and the basic correctional plan set up in accordance with the revised law.
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김계웅 ( Gye Woong Kim ),김석은 ( Seok Eun Kim ),김안식 ( An Sig Kim ) 한국축산학회 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.1
For the improvement of productivity of beekeepers and to develop new management strategy through the analysis of current honeybee-keeping management types and evaluation of related skills and basis in Korea were surveyed. The serial surveys were carried out in 2008 for a total of 253 beekeepers from different localities in Korea. The results revealed that 145.9 colonies of honeybee were managed by each beekeeper in Korea. The beekeepers group who were younger than 55 years possessed 191.7 colonies. The older age group of beekeepers kept rather smaller number of colonies. The career groups over 15 years in apiculture were keeping 176.0 colonies in average. The numbers of bee colonies were not significantly different among localities and educational backgrounds. The migratory apiaries with 145.9 hives were dominant than those fixed ones with 83.0(p<0.01). It was observed that 57.8% of apiaries were located in the vicinity of farmer`s house, whereas 30.3% were managed in mountain area; however older group(65.4%) preferred to keep it near their houses(p<0.05). The proportion(35.7%) of part-time fixed apiary was the highest among four apiary management types. The younger group and high career group operated full-time migratory apiary(38.8% and 40.3%)(p<0.05), respectively. However, the older group and low career group preferred as part-time fixed one (43.2% and 46.6%), respectively(p<0.001). There was no significant difference among localities. The surveyed beekeepers produced propolis, commercial colonies, pollen, royal jelly, and pollination hives in addition to honey. The group of less than 15 years career and mountain apiary mainly produced propolis and pollen. However, those who dwell in small and middle areas mainly produced propolis and commercial colonies. The levels related to beekeeping skills and basis were evaluated as intermediate from 3.11 and 2.86 points on 5 points scale, respectively. More careered group having skill level of 3.33 point and basis level of 3.02 showed higher levels than less careered one. The levels of skill and basis evaluated from age groups and localities were similar with each other with no significance.
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