특수분장사 직무능력 향상을 위한 맞춤형 보형물 작업사 양성 기초연구 - 디지털 방식 기반 손가락 의지 제작을 중심으로 -

김숭현 대한미용학회 2023 대한미용학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study is to gather basic data necessary for development of an educational course that will provide training for a person with the job abilities of a special makeup artist to function concurrently as a customized prosthesis artist. Among customized prostheses, purchase of items not covered by insurance benefits through prosthesis/orthosis manufacturers is not necessary. Therefore, those who have the job skills required for a special makeup artist who manufacture and sell prostheses of a quality satisfactory to clients can have a competitive edge. Among customized prostheses, the demand for fingers prosthetics, which are digitally manufactured using photogrammetry, is expected to be the greatest, and the materials used, equipment, methods, and points that require consideration were identified. The subjects selected for this study were two individuals who lost the proximal phalanges and thereafter the fingers of one hand but were not eligible to register as disabled persons. The fingers prosthetics, which were manufactured by making three-dimensional shapes after taking photos centering on both hands of the study subjects, were evaluated after being worn for identification and verification of the feasibility of their use in daily life.

장편 애니메이션 내러티브를 위한 캐릭터의 시각적 표현에 관한 연구 -픽사(PIXAR) “코코(2017)”의 해골 캐릭터를 중심으로-

김숭현 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.12

This study is aims to examine how the skeleton character in Pixar’s Animation <Coco> is visualized for the narrative of the film and suggests the direction of attractive character development corresponding to the story. First of all, it was conducted the case studies on the narrative of animation, character design, character’s emotion expression, and animations featuring skeleton character. Based on this study, it was derived the visual representation of the skeleton character featuring in <Coco> and analyzed the role and function in the animation. As a result, the expressions by the skeleton’s eyes, eyebrows, mouth, lips, and jaw played the most important role for the emotional expression and lines in <Coco>, and the major characteristic for human facial expression was reflected in the design of the skeleton character. In addition, the various props were used to provide the detailed informations of the skeleton’s character, and it was expressed the movement emphasizing its essential attribute. Finally, the skeleton’s symbolic image was strengthened by composing and arranging the skeleton’s image through Mise en scene. It is expected that this study will be used as a reference for the animation character related researchers and practitioners in the business and it helps develop attractive characters fir the narrative animation in the future. 본 연구는 픽사의 장편 애니메이션 <코코>에 등장하는 해골 캐릭터가 애니메이션의 내러티브를 위해 어떤 방식의 시각적 표현이 이루어졌는지 알아보고, 이를 통해 애니메이션 스토리에 부합하는 매력적인 캐릭터 개발의 방향성을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 우선 애니메이션의 내러티브와 캐릭터 디자인 및 캐릭터의 감정 표현과 해골 캐릭터가 등장하는 애니메이션 사례 연구를 진행했다. 이를 바탕으로 <코코>에 등장하는 해골 캐릭터의 시각적 표현 방식을 도출하고 애니메이션에서의 역할 및 기능에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과 <코코>에 등장하는 해골 캐릭터의 감정 표현과 대사를 위해 눈과 눈썹 주변부 그리고 입과 입술 주변부 및 턱의 표현이 가장 중요한 역할을 했으며, 인간의 얼굴 표정을 위한 주요 특징이 해골 캐릭터의 디자인에 반영되었다. 또한, 해골 캐릭터에 대한 구체적 정보 제공을 위해 다양한 소품이 활용되었으며, 해골 캐릭터의 본질적 속성을 강조하는 움직임이 표현되었다. 마지막으로 미장센을 통해 해골의 이미지를 화면에 구성하고 배치함으로써 해골의 상징적 이미지를 강화하였다. 본 연구가 애니메이션 캐릭터 관련 연구자 및 업계 실무자들의 참고 자료로 활용되어 향후 애니메이션의 내러티브를 위한 매력적인 캐릭터 개발에 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

포토그래메트리와 3D 프린터를 활용한 특수분장 디지털 작업에 대한 가능성과 유용성

김숭현 한국인체미용예술학회 2019 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Photogrammetry is a technique to construct 3-D shape information based on 2D photos. Since it utilizes photo information, actual data on a subject are not provided. Therefore, it has disadvantages in measuring actual size. Even so, there has been a rising interest in the development of photogrammetry convergence technology in diverse fields. This study attempted to investigate the possibility and usefulness of the digital mode by applying 3D printing technology, which has led the Fourth Industrial Revolution while altering the paradigm of the latest technology, and photogrammetry to lifecasting in special makeup. The results found the following: First, it has been known that the construction of 3D shape information is impossible unless controllable indoor artificial lighting and tens of cameras are installed in advance, and a subject is photographed at the same time. With the smooth cooperation of the subject, the technique was able to get the desired results with just one camera. Second, human skin becomes shinier under lighting due to high moisture content and translucent epidermis. When photographing, lighting is essential so that it is important to reduce skin gloss with cosmetics and avoid direct lighting to get satisfying results. Third, to get measured data, it is needed to have actual information by attaching a non-glossy object whose dimensions are known to a subject or by photographing it along with the model. The created 3D data can be edited by a 3D modeling program, printed using a 3D printer and used in an embossed mold. They could also be available in anaplastology, which restores a body part that was lost due to illness, accident or inborn disability, using an artificial device as well as in special makeup. Digital work on special makeup has great growth potential, supporting continued technology development. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest future directions by performing related studies.

예술 형식으로서의 애니메이션의 서사적 특성 연구 - 브래드 버드 감독의 “아이언 자이언트(1999)”, “인크레더블(2004)”, “라따뚜이(2007)”를 중심으로 -

김숭현,이태훈 한국디지털정책학회 2018 디지털융복합연구 Vol.16 No.3

특수분장사의 직무능력 향상을 위한 디지털 방식 기반 외장의안 제작 가능성 - 포토그래메트리, 3D프린팅, 특수분장 융합 기술을 중심으로 -

김숭현 대한미용학회 2020 대한미용학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The current study has focused on the increasing need of anaplastology experts who specialize in creating maxillofacial prostheses. In the study, a computer-aided method has been proposed which targeted toward customized orbital prosthesis fabrication that special makeup artists can use. We examined the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the expertise of special makeup artists, and expanding the scope of their expertise and practice. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the biggest advantage of the computer-aided fabrication method is that it is possible to obtain the measurements of the customized orbital prosthesis directly without constructing its model. Through the photogrammetry technology in the proposed method it is possible to measure minutely an open eye and does not require any extra matching processes. Second, when the photogrammetric technique fails in obtaining the measurement data due to lack of absolute coordinates of the ocular component, it records other reference objects and takes them into account to make accurate measurements. Third, we compared the four 3D printing technologies, viz. fused deposition modeling (FDM), digital light processing (DLP), stereolithography (SLA), and selective laser sintering (SLS), by experimenting them with the male and female molds of a custom orbital prosthesis. Among them, the DLP and SLA were found to be suitable in creating prosthetic eyes. Fourth, the two-component addition cure silicones, commonly used in the world of special makeup, suffer discoloration over time, so they are not suitable materials for the fabrication of customized ocular prostheses. Since customized orbital prostheses have a relatively long lifespan, it is better to use medical grade silicones. Medical grade silicones produce a texture rougher than normal skins but have discoloration resistance. Fifth, special makeup involving advanced coloring techniques can make a silicone-based orbital prosthesis look most life like, which increases customer satisfaction. Sixth, the use of photogrammetry technology reduces equipment and facilities costs, decreasing the over all production cost of a customized orbital prosthesis. In future, case studies of customized orbital prosthesis fabrication with a larger sample size will be performed, and ways to improve the orbital prosthesis fabrication via technological convergence of the special makeup and medical fields will be explored.

지방자치단체 캐릭터의 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링 전략 연구

김숭현 한국디지털정책학회 2021 디지털융복합연구 Vol.19 No.12

애니메이션 “바다의 노래(2014)”에 나타난 평면적 스테이징 연구

김숭현,이태훈 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.6

In this study, I examined the visual elements for narrative structure and the symbols, scene components and visual styles in the images through analyze the flat staging in Tomm Moore's animated feature film, <Song of the Sea>. As a research method, I figure out the general theories about staging and analyze extracted scenes which revealed flat staging in the <Song of the Sea>, then summarize and clarify the flat staging production elements and features of Tomm Moore. As a result, in <Song of the Sea>, the composition of the screen using the basic shapes, the screen composition containing the spiral which is symbol of the Celtic traditional pattern, the stable and flat frame expression through the balanced screen composition, expression of spatial sensation using perspective, appearance of the period by using the inverted perspective, and composition that can emphasize the flat formability are appeared as a characteristic. Through this, the two-dimensional planarity was maximized to convey the feeling of appreciating the illustrations of fairy tales. Tomm Moore, who produced animation based on folk tales in order to inherit the traditional culture of Ireland, has been attracting worldwide attention because of its flat staging to help narrative, enhancing the original expression and performance of animation. I hope that this study will be used as basic data for industry workers and researchers who make unique and excellent animated feature film. 본 연구에서는 애니메이션 산업계에서 자신만의 독창적인 작품 세계를 구축하여 인정받고 있는 톰 무어 감독의 장편 애니메이션 <바다의 노래>에 나타나는 평면적 스테이징을 분석하여 서사구조를 위한 시각적 장치 및 영상에서 나타나는 상징과 화면 구성요소를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구방법으로는 우선 스테이징에 대한 일반적 이론을 파악하고 <바다의 노래>에서 평면적 스테이징이 구체적으로 드러나는 장면을 추출 후 분석하며, 이를 정리하여 톰 무어 감독의 평면적 스테이징 연출 요소 및 특징을 밝히도록 한다. 그 결과 <바다의 노래>에서는 기본도형을 활용한 화면 구성과 켈트 전통문양인 나선형의 조형적 상징성을 내포한 화면 구성, 균형적 화면구도를 통한 안정적이고 평면적 프레임 표현, 역원근법을 사용한 시대적 배경 표현과 평면적 조형성을 더욱 강조할 수 있는 연출상의 특징이 나타났다. 이를 통해 2차원의 평면성이 더욱 극대화되어 애니메이션 전반에 걸쳐 동화책의 삽화를 보는듯한 느낌이 강조되었다. 아일랜드의 전통문화를 계승하기 위해 자국의 설화를 바탕으로 애니메이션을 제작한 톰 무어 감독은 서사를 돕는 평면적 스테이징으로 애니메이션의 독창적인 표현성과 작품성을 높이며 세계적으로 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구가 흥행성과 작품성 모두를 만족하는 독창적이고 우수한 장편 애니메이션을 제작할 수 있도록 업계 종사자들 및 관련 연구자들의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

특수분장 산업현장의 작업 능률 향상을 위한 몰드의 디지털 공정 가능성 -FDM 방식 3D printer를 중심으로-

김숭현 대한미용학회 2019 대한미용학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Special makeup companies are able to overcome the difficulties resulting from increase in labor costs by enhancing work efficiency through fabrication of prosthesis using 3D printing. With accurate fabrication being enabled, a given business area can be broadened to tailor-made prosthesis such as anaplastology. In this regard, the current study attempted to investigate the possibility of digital processing through special makeup molds and silicon patches designed using a FDM 3D printer, and the results are as follows: First, when a design modeled through the 3D graphics software ‘ZBrush’ was printed using a FDM 3D printer, the exact shape and surface texture which were observed on the computer monitor could be exactly obtained. Second, negative molds fabricated with flexible TPU filament were easier to use and displayed a more complete silicon mold than PLA filament-based negative molds. Third, the support, which is a disadvantage of the 3D printer, it was able to align objects or split the molds in such a way so that no support was formed in the slicing program. Fourth, the shrinkage rate of the outputs acquired through PLA or TPU filament did not change the shape of the silicon molds. Fifth, the texture of the fine contours which was found in silicon molds varied depending upon the object alignment angle in the slicing program. They can also be viewed differently depending upon the angle of lighting. To use a 3D printer in the fabrication of special makeup molds, therefore, it is necessary to examine how to fabricate them easily by concealing contours as much possible. It is also necessary to analyze the images acquired after attaching the colored silicon patches and check their availability. 본 연구는 특수분장 산업현장의 작업능률을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 FDM 방식의 3D 프린터를 사용하여 제작한 특수분장 용도의 몰드와 실리콘 패치 성형물을 통해 디지털 공정의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이에 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 3D 그래픽 프로그램인 지브러시를 통해 모델링한 디자인을 FDM 방식의 3D 프린터로 출력한 결과 컴퓨터의 모니터를 통해 보이는 것과 동일하게 형태와 표면 질감이 구현되었다. 둘째, 단단한 고체 수지의 PLA 필라멘트와 폴리우레탄 소재의 플렉서블 TPU 필라멘트를 사용하여 몰드를 만든 후 실리콘을 성형한 결과 결과물의 형태나 표면 질감 구현에서 차이가 없었다. 그러나 몰드의 접합과 분리에서 PLA 몰드(음각)보다 TPU 몰드(음각)의 사용이 용이하였고, TPU 몰드(음각)를 사용했을 때 암수 몰드의 접합면에 언더컷이 있음에도 불구하고 맞닿아 실리콘 성형의 완성도가 높았다. 셋째, 서포트 생성은 슬라이싱 프로그램에서 오브젝트를 배치하는 위치나 몰드의 분리 적층 성형을 통해 접합면에 서포트가 생성되지 않도록 작업할 수 있다. 넷째, PLA나 TPU 필라멘트로 출력한 결과물의 수축률이 실리콘 성형 결과물의 형태를 변화시킬 만큼 영향을 주지 않는다. 다섯째, 초기 디자인한 모델링의 형태와 표면 질감은 그대로 구현되는 반면 등고선의 흐름은 미세하게 보인다. 또한 슬라이싱 프로그램에서 오브제트를 배치하는 각도에 따라 적층된 등고선의 결이 달라지며 조명을 받는 각도에 따라 보이는 정도가 달라진다. 따라서 실리콘의 표면을 채색하여 대상자에게 부착한 후 카메라로 촬영한 영상 이미지를 관찰하는 방법으로 사용 가능성을 확인하는 것이 필요하다.

컴퓨터 설계와 3D 프린팅을 이용한 안와부의 맞춤형 보형물 제작

김숭현 한국인체미용예술학회 2024 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.25 No.2

. A facial defect can easily lead to psychological distress and social isolation due to its distinctive characteristics. Therefore, it is important to develop and appropriately offer personalized prostheses, even though the number of recipient may be limited. Since the manufacturing method for prostheses designed for stage or screen characters doesn't fundamentally differ from those personalized for everyday wear, special makeup artists can make a contribution to society as personalized prosthesis workers. This study aimed to investigate the manufacturing process for customized orbital prostheses, which can be produced and provided by special makeup artists, utilizing a digital approach. These prostheses target to address facial defects not covered by health insurance. Unlike traditional methods, this study adopted computer design and 3D printing technologies in restoring and making the prosthesis, ensuring that the results remain consistent regardless of a worker’s skill level. A customized orbital prosthesis may be prone to breakage due to its thinness at the center, and it is mot breathable because it is made of silicone rubber. This study proposed a method to reinforce the silicone to prevent easy breakage by using a reinforcing material and to address sweating by drilling a hole in the mold. The anticipated results are expected to serve as foundational data for developing a training manual aimed at educating personalized prosthesis workers.

기본도형(원형, 사각형, 삼각형)을 통한 캐릭터 디자인 및 스토리텔링 분석 - 픽사(PIXAR)의 장편 애니메이션 ‘UP’에 대한 분석을 중심으로 -

김숭현 한국기초조형학회 2013 기초조형학연구 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose of the animation is telling a story based on visual communication. The story has a subject, and that is what director(or author) is trying to get across to the audiences. And the characters in the animation are the one who tell the story. Therefore, character design should be in the form compelling enough and has the power pulling the story. In this paper, based on the fact that human recognizes easier and faster simple shapes than complex ones, I set up the basic shapes(Circle, Square, Triangle) as a tool for analysis. Because the basic shapes have the most simple and significant forms, and each shapes can be the medium of visual communication through their clearly distinguishable features. Using this theory, I analyzed main characters and various features of storytelling of 'Up' from Pixar Animation studios which is the winner of the Best Animated Feature Film of the 82nd Academy Awards. I looked into the relations between the characteristic features of figures and the patterns of their behaviors, and also the roles of characters in storytelling through basic shapes. Moreover, I observed that the important environments and props in the film are thoroughly designed based on basic shapes and analyzed how to convey the theme of animation to the audiences using these basic shapes. 애니메이션은 시각적 의사소통을 기반으로 한 이야기의 전달을 그 목적으로 하고 있다. 애니메이션에서 관객에게 말하고자 하는 주제를 담고 있는 것이 애니메이션의 이야기이고, 그 이야기를 풀어나가는 주체가 곧 애니메이션에 등장하는 주요 캐릭터이다. 그렇기에 주요 캐릭터의 디자인은 충분히 설득력이 있는 형태여야 하며 이야기를 끌고 갈 수 있는 힘을 뒷받침 해 주어야 한다. 본고에서는 인간이 사물을 인식할 때 복잡한 형태보다는 단순한 형태를 더 쉽고 빠르게 인식한다는 사실을 기반으로, 기본도형(원, 사각형, 삼각형)을 분석의 도구로 설정하였다. 기본도형은 여러 도형 중 가장 단순하고 명확한 형태를 가지고 있으며, 각각이 갖는 특성이 뚜렷하게 구별되는 시각적 의사소통의 도구라 할 수 있기 때문이다. 이를 이용하여 제 82회 아카데미 장편 애니메이션 부문에서 수상한 픽사(PIXAR)의 ‘UP’에 등장하는 주요 캐릭터 및 소재, 배경과 같은 스토리텔링의 기본 요소를 분석하였으며 각 캐릭터들의 성격과 행동양식과의 관계와 함께 그들이 스토리텔링에서 갖는 역할까지 기본도형을 통하여 분석할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 애니메이션의 장면에 등장하는 여러 이미지들이 철저히 기본도형에 입각하여 디자인이 이루어진 것을 발견할 수 있었으며, 이러한 모든 기본도형들이 어떤 형태로 애니메이션의 주제를 관객에게 전달하고 있는지 분석해 볼 수 있었다.