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수리동력학적 캐비테이션을 이용한 전자폐수 처리수에 함유된 칼슘저감에 관한 연구
박진영(Jin Young Park),김선집(Sun Jip Kim),이용우(Yong Woo Lee),이재진(Jae Jin Lee),황규원(Kyu Won Hwang),이원권(Won Kwon Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.6
전자산업 중 반도체 및 LCD 공장과 같이 폐수에 불소가 다량 함유되어 있는 경우, 불소처리를 위하여 과잉으로 사용되는 소석회에 의하여 처리수의 잔류 칼슘농도가 높으며, 높은 잔류칼슘 농도는 폐수의 재이용 시 일반적으로 채택되는 membrane 공정의 불안정한 운전을 초래하게 된다. 따라서, 전자폐수의 재이용을 위하여 신뢰성 있으며, 경제적인 칼슘제거기술의 개발이 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 캐비테이션을 이용한 Hyperkinetic Vortex Crystallization(HVC) 공정을 적용하여 폐수중의 칼슘 이온의 calcification 속도를 촉진하였으며, HVC 공정 적용 시 기존 소다회법에 비하여 동일 약품 주입농도에서 31% 높은 칼슘제거효율을 보였다. 또한, 전자산업 폐수의 재이용을 위한 경제적인 칼슘제거효율인 70%를 달성하기 위한 최적 소다회 주입농도는 유입수 대비 530 mg/L였다. 반응조 내 동질의 반응 핵인 calcite seed 농도가 칼슘제거효율에 큰 영향을 주며, 최대 칼슘제거효율을 달성하기 위한 calcite seed 농도는 800∼1,200 mg SS/L이였다. 또한, 소다회 주입에 따른 calcite 발생량은 평균 0.30 g SS/g NA₂CO₃였다. HVC 케비테이션 생성장치의 설계 시 HVC 장치 통과횟수를 2∼5회 범위에서 안전율을 고려하여 용량선정을 하여야 한다. HVC 공정을 이용한 연속회분식 운전 결과, 유입수 칼슘농도 변화폭은 74∼359 mg/L(평균 173 mg/L)로 매우 컸던 반면, 처리수 칼슘농도는 30∼72 mg/L(평균 49 mg/L)로 비교적 안정적인 처리효율을 보여주었다. 본 연구결과 HVC 공정은 화학약품 사용량의 절감 및 이에 따른 화학슬러지 발생량의 감소를 기대 할 수 있는 친환경기술로 유지관리비를 최소화할 수 있는 장점이 있었다. Residual calcium concentration is high, in general, at the effluent of the fluoride removal process in the electronics industry manufacturing semiconductor and LCD. To increase the stability of the membrane process incorporated for reuse of wastewater, the residual calcium is required to be pre-removed. Hyperkinetic Vortex Crystallization(HVC) process was installed in the electronics industry manufacturing semi conductor as a pilot scale for accelerating calcification of calcium ion. Compared to the conventional soda ash method, the 31% higher calcium removal efficiency was achieved when HVC was applied at the same sodium carbonate dosage. In order to maintain the economic calcium removal target of 70% preset by manufacturer, the dosing concentration of the soda ash was 530 mg/L based on influent flowrate. The seed concentration in the reactor was one of the critical factors and should be maintained in the range of 800∼1,200 mg SS/L to maximize the calcium removal efficiency. The calcite production rate was 0.30 g SS/g NA₂CO₃ in the average. The economic HVC passing time of the mixture was in the range of 2∼5 times. Relatively, stable calcium concentration was maintained in the range of 30∼72 mg/L(average 49 mg/L) although the calcium concentration in the feed was severely fluctuated with 74∼359 mg/L(average 173 mg/L). The HVC process was characterized as environment-friendly technology reducing chemical dosage and chemical sludge production and minimizing maintenance cost.
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김선집 건국대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
Two Anaerobic Digesters were operated for a Study on the "Effect of Temperature on Dewatering Characteristics of Anaerobic Digested Sludge". Artificial substrate which include a lot of settleable organic solids and which can maintain the uniformity of particle size and constituents was used as a feed sludge. Design feed rate was 1.8kg/m3/day of TS or 1.5kg/m3/day of VS with a detention time of 20days. When the reaction was at a steady state, digestion chatacteristics and specific restsrance of digested sludge were andlysed. In general, the sludge properties and the amount of gas production were nearly constant without regard to temperature variation. But the settled sledge volume was decreased according to the increase of temperature. At 55℃-digestion, ultimate settled sludge volume was only 40% of 35℃. And at the initial stage of linear phase, the settling velocity of 55℃-digested sludge was faster about 6 times than 35℃. As the increase of digestion temperature, the dewatering characteristics was improved. The dewater ability of 55℃-digested sludge without conditioning was better about 2 times than 35℃. and about 6 times of 45% FeCl3. The specific resistance reduction rate according to increase of FeCl3 contents at 55℃-digestion wart greater 1.6. The COD of filtrate was similar on the whole digestion temperature.
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장덕,김선집 대한상하수도학회 1990 상하수도학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Comparative study on the settleability and dewaterability of the mesophilic (35℃) and thermophilic (55℃) anaerobic digested sludge was conducted using an artificial sludge containing a lot of settleable organic solids. The sludge has a uniform particle size distribution and constituents. Designed loading rate of the feed sludge was 2.0㎏/㎥/day of COD or 1.5㎏/㎥/day of VS with a hydraulic retention time of 20 days. Digestion efficiencies at steady states were almost similar regardless of digestion temperatures. However, the ultimated settled volume of the thermophilic digested sludge was only 40% compared to that of the mesophilic sludge. The initial settling velocity of the thermophilic sludge was faster about 6 times than that of the mesophilic sludge at the initial stage of zone settling. Specific resistance of the digested sludge was estimated as a measure of the dewaterability of sludge. Specific resistance of the thermophilic sludge without conditioning was also about 40%, of that of the mesophilic sludge while the filtrate COD was similar at both temperatures. Remarkable reduction of the sludge conditioner and cake production was also observed at the thermophilic digestion.
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