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김병태(Kim Byeong Tae) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1991 상경연구 Vol.16 No.1
Each year Asahi Agriculture Prize, established by the Japanese Asahi Newspaper Company, is given to five to seven model groups among the nationwide producer groups. From 1963,the beginning year, to 1988,164 producer groups were awarded this prize. Under the Japanese economic environment which achieved successive super-high economic growth, today’s Japanese agriculture keeps finding its way out of internal and external pressure. Through a cooperative agricultural production the limitations of a small-scale farm management can be overcome. While the Asahi Agriculture Prize at its start was given to the producer group consisting of the whole villagers, later it also included small groups. Because many farmers moved from the country, a large organization could not be maintained. The spirit of the Basic Law of Agriculture which was enacted in 1961 changed the protective policy of agriculture for the whole farmers to the policy taking disruption of farming class as a result of economic growth as an opportunity of agricultural modernization. That is, the Basic Law considered the following sequential effects: modernization of agriculture makes agricultural population move to other industries, thereby reduces farming family, thereby mobilizes farm lands left in country, thereby increases farm size for professional farmers, and thereby promotes self-supporting management. But the question about expanding farm size was frustrated by farmers keeping their side jobs. Also, theories which blamed the direction of the Basic Law of Agriculture for removing small poor farmers from the country and concerns that it would take country into a dark crisis were proved to be ineffective. In practice, farmers with a side job reserved their ownership of land for cooperation of management, and enlisted their lands in a large-scale farm management.
Byeong Tae Kim(金炳台),Pill Woo Rhee(李弼佑),Byung Moo Kwon(權炳武) 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 1985 상경연구 Vol.10 No.1
It is a generally accepted theme, that the process of industrialization accelerates the urbanization which in turn would generate the urban blight problems, such as traffic congestion, crowd, high inhabitant density, water pollution, air pollution, noise, unemployment, crime, etc, This would apply for the case of Seoul without exception. All these are well known as the symptom of the urban pathodology. This paper is attempted to analyse the structure of urban economy with a focus on the circulation sector in Seoul city. The Seoul city has grown so rapid, since 1961, the launching year of 5 year economic planning, that she has approximately 40 Mill. inhabitants, as we are well aware. We must admit that the government led economic planning during the last two decades has contributed to some extent to the improvement of living standard of the people, on the one hand. On the other hand, however, its negative aspects should not be neglected: namely the dual element deeply rooted in the social and economic structures. Regional unbalance in its development and inequity of income distribution among the people are representative to cite just a few among them. It must be mentioned that the dual structure of the economy has been actually attributed to the government policy, which used to lack such a sound phylosophical base as the longrun structural vision. Instead the government used to concentrate on short run, especially export driving measures. As a result, the export industries have been overprotected as compared to other industries: Herein arose conflict problems large scale industries and medium and small scale industries, as well as between the export industries and domestic market directed industries. With the growth of the city Seoul, the circulation sector which supplies the goods from the producer to the final consumers, has expanded considerably in its number. One sees also dual character in this sector. We found from the analysis that the triffling small stores organized at traditional management style, even the street-stalls have been still predominent in the retail circulation sector. It should be born in mind, as a salient feature in this connection, that most of the low income consumers used to be provided with the daily necessities not through the big shopping chains but through the triffling stores or streetstalls. However, the circulating sector for higher income group has rapidly in the last years, relatively over short period. What is more serious is the fact the small scale stores have been and also will be damaged by the large scale modern super chains, unless some effective measures applies to resolve the problem. We suggest, therefore, the policy decision maker to consider the dualism in the circulation service as the fundamental urban problem in designing the urban plann in the future.