자아조절자원과 메시지 난이도가 확증적 정보 처리(confirmatory information processing)에 미치는 영향

김류원 ( Ryuwon Kim ),정세훈 ( Se-hoon Jeong ) 한국PR학회 2018 PR연구 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the role of self-regulatory resource depletion and message complexity as factors that moderate the tendency of confirmatory information processing. Methods We first measured biased assimilation and selective exposure after presenting information that was consistent or inconsistent with the decision the subject made about candidates in an election. Next, we confirmed whether this confirmatory information processing was different according to the level of resource depletion and the level of message complexity. Results The interaction effect of resource depletion and message complexity was found for selective exposure. Specifically, message complexity did not affect selective exposure in the case of no resource depletion. However, in the case of resource depletion, selective exposure to decision-consistent information was observed to be stronger when message complexity was high. Conclusions The results show that cognitive bias can be controlled by the level of self-regulatory resources and message complexity. This study provides important implications for communication practitioners to reduce biased processing.

자아조절자원이 기부의도에 미치는 영향

김류원(Ryuwon Kim),정세훈(Se-Hoon Jeong) 한국언론학회 2017 한국언론학보 Vol.61 No.5

This study focuses on self-regulation as an important factor that determines individual donation behavior. The purpose of study is to investigate the effect of self-regulatory resources depletion on donation campaign attitudes and donation intention, and furthermore, the moderating role of social normative cues. The results showed that the main effect of resources depletion on campaign attitudes and donation intention was not significant. On the other hand, the moderating role of social normative messages was confirmed as a factor moderating the influence of self-regulatory resources on campaign attitudes and donation intention. Specifically, there was no difference in attitudes toward campaign and donation intention by the message type in the control group (no resource depletion). However, in the depleted group, more positive attitudes toward campaign and higher donation intentions were observed when exposed to a social normative message than exposed to a non-normative message. The results suggest that the social normative donation message can be particularly effective when the self-regulatory resources are depleted, and could prevent the negative effect of self-regulatory failure (i.e., donation avoidance). The results can provide important theoretical explanations for donation behaviors, and practical implications for campaign practitioners who design effective persuasive communication messages for donation campaigns.

공황장애에 대한 언론보도 내용분석

김류원(Ryuwon Kim),윤영민(Youngmin Yoon) 한국언론학회 2018 한국언론학보 Vol.62 No.5

The number of patients with panic disorder is steadily increasing in South Korea. This study analyzed the online news articles covering panic disorder through quantitative content analysis. The results are summarized as follows: the most frequently reported source was celebrity patient, mentioned 10 times more than other sources such as non-celebrity patients, doctors, and experts. Based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, which explains the individuals health behavior process, we have examined whether the news article was delivering balanced health information about panic disorder from basic information to specific treatment methods. As a result of the analysis, we found the information was imbalanced- mentioning the prevention and treatment of panic disorder was insufficient but the cause and symptom reference was enough. Also, we analyzed wether the news coverage was different by the type of patient source (celebrity vs. non-celebrity). It was found that the non-celebrity related articles covered more diverse information on panic disorder and the quality of the report was higher than celebrity oriented article. However, in terms of the gender bias of the patients presented in the article, male patients appeared 10 times more than female patients in non-celebrity patient related articles. However, in celebrity patient oriented articles, this gender bias narrowed considerably- female patients appeared to be 1/3 of male patients. Also, in terms of recovery cases from the disease, positive case such as symptom relief and cure were reported more frequently than negative cases in celebrity patient oriented article. On the other hand, non-celebrity oriented article showed more cases of negative than positive cases. This study has important implications in that it presents the guidelines of the media dealing with panic disorder and shows the possibility of the positive role of celebrity as information sources in health journalism.

자아조절자원이 미디어 멀티태스킹 이용 행태에 미치는 영향

김류원(Ryuwon Kim),정세훈(Se-Hoon Jeong) 한국언론학회 2020 한국언론학보 Vol.64 No.5

The present research examined the effects of self-regulatory resource depletion on media multitasking behavior based on information processing theory. The main goal of this study was to investigate the predictors and consequences of media multitasking behavior as a function of self-regulatory resource depletion. We specifically tested media multitasking frequency, motivation, contents and task performance under different levels of self-regulatory resources (non-depleted vs. depleted). We designed an experiment where fifty-two college students were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: a non-depletion condition or a depletion condition. Both groups used five different online contents (video, news article, web portal, and two different game websites) on a PC. Participants were instructed to switch freely among the five different types of contents as in a naturalistic setting because media users often engage in a type of multitasking where they switch between different tasks on a PC. The results showed that, first, the frequency of switching between contents was greater in the self-regulatory resource depleted group compared to the non-depleted group. Second, there were differences in the motivation for multitasking, which varied by the level of self-regulatory resources. Specifically, the major motivation for multitasking in the non-depleted group was cognitive motive (e.g., to obtain more information), whereas the major motivation for multitasking in the depleted group was entertainment motive (e.g., to avoid boredom). Third, these different motivations for multitasking led to differences in the use of content types when multitasking (informative vs. entertainment). Specifically, there was no difference in the use of informative contents (news and information search on web portal), whereas there was a difference in the use of entertainment contents (games), such that the resource depleted group used more entertainment content. Fourth, task performance for cognitive outcome (recognition memory) was higher in the non-depleted group than the depleted group, while task performance for entertainment outcome (game score) was higher in the depleted group than the non-depleted group. These results indicate that different motivations for media multitasking (information acquisition or entertainment seeking) could be activated according to the level of self-regulatory resources, and as a result of these different motivations, the types of media content used could vary when multitasking. Also, when self-regulatory resources are not depleted, information seeking multitasking may have positive cognitive outcomes. Previous research has suggested that media multitasking tends to have a negative impact on task performance, yet the findings of this research suggest that the effect of media multitasking might vary by the level of self-regulatory resources available at the time of media use.

국내 댓글 효과 연구에 대한 메타 분석

염정윤(Jung-Yoon Yum),김류원(Ryuwon Kim),정세훈(Se-Hoon Jeong) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 2020 언론정보연구 Vol.57 No.2

본 연구는 댓글이 이용자에게 미치는 효과에 관한 연구들에 대해 메타 분석을 실시하였다. 총 47개 연구의 효과 크기를 분석한 결과, 댓글의 평균 효과 크기는 d = 0.85(95% CI [0.65, 1.06])로 나타났다. 하지만 이러한 댓글의 효과는 다양한 조절 변인에 따라 강화 또는 약화, 심지어 소멸하기도 하였다. 예를 들어, 기사 속 예시에 비해 기사 밖 댓글이 더 강력한 효과가 있었으며, 기사와 일치하는 댓글의 비율이 높을수록 효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한 실험 설계에 따라 효과가 다르게 나타났는데 댓글 노출 여부를 비교한 실험에서는 효과가 나타나지 않은 반면, 찬성 댓글과 반대 댓글을 비교한 실험 설계에서 효과가 나타났다. 주제 및 형식 측면에서 마케팅 및 소비자 리뷰 댓글은, 정치 사회, 헬스 기사, 그리고 소셜미디어 댓글에 비해 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 예상과 달리 댓글의 작성자가 익명이거나 논거가 적은 경우 오히려 댓글의 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 대학생 표본에 비해 일반인 표본에서 댓글의 효과가 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 출판된 연구에서 효과의 크기가 오히려 작게 나타났다. Based on a meta-analysis of previous research, this research examined the effect of user comments. An analysis of 47 studies showed that the average effect size was d = 0.85(95% CI [0.65, 1.06]). However, this effect varied by several moderators. For example, user comments following news articles had greater effects compared to those within a news article, and the distribution of user comments that were more consistent with the news message had greater effects. Studies that compared positive vs. negative user comments had stronger effects than studies that compared user comments absent vs. present. In terms of topic and format, marketing/consumer reviews had greater effects compared to user comments in political, social, and health news and social media. Contrary to expectations, user comments had greater effects when the author was anonymous or had weak arguments. The effects of user comments were smaller among non-college adults and among published studies.

소득, 연령, 인지욕구가 뉴미디어 리터러시에 미치는 영향과 연령과 인지욕구의 조절효과

최인호(Inho Choi),염정윤(Jung-Yoon Yum),김류원(Ryuwon Kim),정세훈(Se-Hoon Jeong) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2018 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 소득, 연령, 인지욕구로 인해 발생되는 디지털 격차를 확인하고, 이들 변인 사이의 조절효과를 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 20대-60대 남녀 336명을 대상으로 한 온라인 설문조사를 바탕으로 뉴미디어 콘텐츠 활용에 있어서 기능적(functional)-비판적(critical) 차원과 소비(consumption)-생산(prosumption) 차원을 모두 아우르는 능력을 가리키는 뉴미디어 리터러시(NML)의 4가지 유형(기능적 소비능력, 비판적 소비능력, 기능적 생산능력, 비판적 생산능력)을 종속변인으로 하여 소득과 연령에 따른 디지털 격차를 살펴보았는데, 예상대로 소득이 증가하고 연령이 감소할수록 디지털 미디어 활용능력인 뉴미디어 리터러시가 증가하는 것으로 나타나 전통적인 디지털 격차가 여전히 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 함께, 기존에 잘 다루어지지 않았던 변인으로, 개인 심리적 동기인 인지욕구(NFC)도 뉴미디어 리터러시에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타났다. 이들 세 가지 변인 사이의 상호작용 효과도 살펴보았는데, 소득에 대한 연령의 조절효과는 4가지 유형의 NML중 생산(prosumption) 리터러시(기능적 생산능력 및 비판적 생산능력)에서 소득이 유발하는 디지털 격차가 연령이 증가할수록 더욱 커지는 연령의 조절효과가 나타났다. 소득에 대한 인지욕구의 조절효과도 기능적 소비능력을 제외한 나머지 3가지 유형의 NML(비판적 소비능력, 기능적 생산능력, 비판적 생산능력)에서 소득으로 인한 디지털 격차가 인지욕구가 증가할수록 더욱 줄어드는 조절효과가 나타났다. 하지만 연령과 인지욕구의 상호작용은 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과와 함께 이론적⋅실무적 함의를 논의하였다. This research examined digital divide due to income, age, and need for cognition and interactions between these factors. Based on a survey of 363 adults in their 20s to 60s, we examined new media literacies including functional-critical, consumption-prosumption of new media content. As expected, new media literacy was positively related to income and negatively related to age. In addition, need for cognition was positively related to new media literacy. There was an interaction between income and age on prosumption literacy, such that the positive effect of income increased by age. Also, there was an interaction between income and need for cognition, such that the positive effect of income reduced by need for cognition. There was no interaction between age and need for cognition. The implications are further discussed.