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金東奎 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2009 日本硏究 Vol.40 No.-
本稿は、敬語表現でない考えや表現を敬語表現にする際に考えなければならない項目の一つである主体の認識の問題について考察を行った。敬語表現でない表現を敬語表現にする過程について分析・考察している敬語表現化(金東奎、2006)における敬 語表現化要素の一つである敬語表現認識をもとに、主体の認識について、認識の個別性・主観性の問題、人間関係・場に対する認識の問題を中心に論じた。主体の認識に関わる項目には、題材・内容、ストラテジーなど様々なものがあるが、個別性をもとにした人間関係と場に対する認識は、敬語表現認識におけるもっとも根本的な問題だからである。 敬語表現における主体の認識は、その共通性・社会性を認めつつ、個別性、主観性の重要性に目を向ける必要がある。 敬語表現に関わる自分、相手、話題の人物における関係である人間関係においては、上下関係だけでなく、親疎関係と立場・役割を入れた三つの軸を中心に考えていくことが重要である。特に、個別性に基づいた親疎関係に対する認識と、生活共同体 における共通の認識に基づいた立場・役割の問題に注目する必要がある。 主体が認識する時間的・空間的な位置として規定される場においては、改まり・くだけと時間・空間といった二つの軸を中心に考えていく必要がある。敬語表現の使用やその度合いを決める改まり・くだけだけでなく、物理的な時間と時間の流れ(経緯・文脈)に対する認識と、場所としての空間に対する認識の問題にも注意する必要がある。
김동규,나형용 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1986 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.24 No.1
For the purpose of investigating the graphitization mechanism of Al alloyed cast iron, Fe-Al-C system alloy was melted in high frequency induction furnace by changing the aluminum content, and crystallographically discussed the structure of Fe-Al-C cast iron. The results obtained in this work are summarised as follows. 1. With increasing the aluminum contents, in low aluminum range (0-4 wt.%), the mean and maximum graphite length were increased, and perovskite type carbide dud not appear. 2. Graphitization mechanism at the low aluminum range is thought to be controlled not only by decrement of iron-carbon bond energy and increment of carbon-carbon bond energy owing to the ionization energy difference between aluminum and carbon, but also by the rise of austenite-graphite eutectic temperature- 3. At the medium aluminum range (6-16 wt.%), the amount of carbide was increased with increasing the aluminum content, which is thought to be deduced from the fact that Al atom can not be the second nearest neighbor atoms each other in Fe₃ Al ordering. 4. As the aluminum content came to the vicinity of stoichiometric number of Fe₃ Al, carbide took the form of dendrite. 5. Graphitization ability at the high aluminum range (over 20 wt.%) is thought to be due to the decrement of the number of octahedral sites for carbon which is followed by FeAl ordering.
社会人の言語行動における「場面」についての考察 : 「ビジネス敬語コミュニケーション」教育の理論的基盤の構築のために
金東奎 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2014 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.60
This paper was written about 'Bamen' in the linguistic behavior of Business person. Description of this paper has been made in view of the 'Business KEIGO Communication'. 'Bamen' in this paper was selected on the basis of Japanese textbook, previous research, and the introspection of researchers. 'Bamen' is 13 pieces. Greeting, Idle talk, Communication, Contact, Confirmation, Request, Presentation, Negotiation, Reporting, Consultation, Questions, Appreciation, Apology, Rejection. This paper was described in terms of education of 'Business KEIGO Communication' for each 'Bamen'. 'Bamen' is concrete. Further, 'Bamen' is intended to be individual. This paper describes the standardization 'Bamen', from the point of view of abstraction.
김동규,신정혜,강민정 한국식품저장유통학회 2018 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Portulaca oleracea L., a species of Portulacaceae, is ubiquitous. It is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for removing heat, counteracting toxicity, cooling blood, and maintaining hemostasia; it is also used as antidysentery agent. This study investigated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of water and ethanol extracts from P. oleracea. The total polyphenol content (21.08±0.03 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (5.45±0.76 mg QE/g) of the ethanolic extracts were higher than those of the water extracts. The antioxidative activities were determined by evaluating the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and by the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the water extract (75.53%) was higher in those of the water extract (67.03%) at concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP of the ethanol extract were higher than those of the water extract. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the P. oleracea extracts in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly decreased with an increasing concentration of the extract. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis faction (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) were significantly lower in the ethanol extract than in the LPS alone treatment group. Based on these results, ethanolic extract from P. oleracea could be an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Effect of CrN barrier on fuel-clad chemical interaction
김동규,이강수,윤영수 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.5
Chromium and chromium nitride were selected as potential barriers to prevent fuel-clad chemicalinteraction (FCCI) between the cladding and the fuel material. In this study, ferritic/martensitic HT-9 steeland misch metal were used to simulate the reaction between the cladding and fuel fission product,respectively. Radio frequency magnetron sputtering was used to deposit Cr and CrN films onto thecladding, and the gas flow rates of argon and nitrogen were fixed at certain values for each sample tocontrol the deposition rate and the crystal structure of the films. The samples were heated for 24 h at933 K through the diffusion couple test, and considerable amount of interdiffusion (max. thickness:550 mm) occurred at the interface between HT-9 and misch metal when the argon and nitrogen wereused individually. The elemental contents of misch metal were detected at the HT-9 through energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy due to the interdiffusion. However, the specimens that were sputtered bymixed gases (Ar and N2) exhibited excellent resistance to FCCI. The thickness of these CrN films were only4 mm, but these films effectively prevented the FCCI due to their high adhesion strength (frictional force1,200 mm) and dense columnar microstructures.