THE USE OF DIALOGUES FOR TEACHING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

김남국 한국강원영어영문학회 1990 영어영문학 Vol.- No.9

외국어 교육의 목표는 학습자의 외국어 사용능력 즉 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 데 있다. 오래전부터 dialogue를 이용한 외국어 교육이 성행해 왔다. 그러나 오늘날까지도 교육현장에서 dialogues는 주로 언어적인 면(구문 위주의 문법적인 면)이 제시되었고 학습자는 그것을 반복과 암기를 통하여 자동적으로 발화될 수 있도록 하는 데 교육의 역점을 두었다. 본고에서는 dialogue를 단순한 언어적인 면의 기술 뿐만 아니라 의사소통 상황에서 생활의 실제표현으로서 제시하고자 하였으며, 또한 대화의 여러가지 특성을 살펴 보았다. 대화자는 의사소통 상황에서 의사소통능력이 없으면 의사소통이 불가능하다. Canale와 Swain은 의사소통능력이 구성하고 있는 요소로서 4가지 능력, 즉 문법능력, 사회문화적 능력, 담화능력, 그리고 전략능력을 제시하였다. 의사소통상황에서 원만한 의사소통이 이루어 지려면 학습자는 문법적인 능력의 향상 뿐만 아니라 사회문화적 능력, 담화능력, 전략능력을 함께 향상시켜야 한다. 이러한 점에서 본고는 Canale와 Swain의 이론을 토대로 삼아 dialogue를 이용하여 외사소통능력의 구성요소인 개별능력을 향상시키는 학습활동과 개별능력을 통합시키는 학습활동의 예를 제시하여 학습자의 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 방법을 모색하였다.

한성부 치도 사업의 유형 및 공간 분석

김남국,양승우 도시사학회 2022 도시연구 Vol.- No.30

This study aims to examine the significance of the Chido(Road Improvement) project in the early days of the Gwangmu Reform(1897) by classifying types according to the content and purpose and analyzing spatial characteristics of each type. As a result, first, the Chido project could be classified into six types (maintenance of the royal road, demolition of temporary buildings, road repair, construction of a new road, railway construction, and others) according to the content and four types (Imperial ritual, Industry and distribution, living street, and others) according to the purpose. In addition, the Chido project showed a combination of traditional and modern methods. Second, most of the temporary building demolition and road repairing, which were the main parts of the Chido project, were completed in 1896 and 1897. From 1898, construction of national industrial infrastructure was carried out. Third, as a result of spatial analysis, road maintenance for imperial rituals was conducted with the main goal of connecting Gyeongungung Palace with Jongno and Namdaemun-ro. Road improvement for industrial and distribution development attempted to connect downtown transportation and Mapo and Yongsan(major economic hubs) centering on Seodaemun Station. In the case of improving living streets, projects were implemented centering on roads with high traffic volume of people(Bukchon, Jeongdong, Namdaemun area). 본 연구는 광무개혁 초기 한성부 치도 사업을 대상으로 치도의 내용과 목적에 따라 유형을 분류하고 유형별 공간적 특징을 분석함으로써 서울의 근대화 과정에서 한성부 치도 사업의 의의를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 다음 세 가지에 관하여 확인하였다. 첫째로, 내용에 따라 여섯 가지(어도 정비・가가 정리・도로 수리・신작로 부설・철도 부설・기타) 목적에 따라 네 가지 유형(황실 의례・산업 및 유통・생활 가로・기타)으로 분류할 수 있었다. 또한 한성부 치도 사업은 전통적 방식의 치도와 근대화를 위한 치도가 복합적으로 나타났다. 둘째로 한성부 치도 사업의 주요 사업이라고 할 수 있는 가가(假家) 정리와 도성 내 도로 정비 사업은 1896년 1897년 양년 간에 대부분 완료되었고 1898년부터는 국가 산업 기반 시설 건설 차원의 치도가 실시되었다. 셋째로, 공간 분석 결과 어도 정비와 같은 황실 의례를 위한 치도의 경우 경운궁과 기존의 대로인 종로와 남대문로를 연결하는 사업이 중심적으로 이루어졌다. 산업 및 유통을 위한 치도는 서대문정거장을 중심으로 도심 교통과 주요 경제 거점인 마포와 용산을 연결하고자 하였다. 생활 가로의 개선의 경우 사람들의 통행량이 많은 북촌 지역, 정동과 구리개길, 남대문 주변 도로를 중심으로 치도 사업이 시행되었다.

교사언어의 기능과 형식에 관한 연구

김남국 강원대학교 어학교육원 , 2001 어학연구 Vol.8 No.-

Multicultural Challenges and the Recession of the Welfare State: The British Case in the 1940s-1960s

김남국 한국유럽학회 2011 유럽연구 Vol.29 No.1

The impact of multicultural diversity on the welfare state is becoming a critical agenda in the globalized world where every nation state has experienced a multicultural transition. The underlying assumption of such a debate can be named as the diversity and redistribution trade-off hypothesis. This paper tries to answer to the trade-off hypothesis in a different way. Instead of providing another empirical data, I trace back to the early stage of welfare state in the 1940s Britain where the ideas and rationale of the welfare state had just started. I suggest republican ethos of the 1940s in Britain as a main rationale of the welfare state and examine the meaning of republican ethos and its relations with increasing ethnic diversity. To clarify republican ethos as the underlying philosophy of the welfare state, this paper reviews Beveridge’s social insurance plan (1942), Butler’s Education Act (1944), and Bevan’s National Health Service (1948). This paper also analyzes the 1948 British Nationality Act, the 1958 race riots, and the 1962 Commonwealth Immigration Act as mutually influenced events by the fluctuation of republican spirit. Through such examination, I argue that one should blame the deterioration of republican institutions rather than increasing number of ethnic minorities as the reason of recession of the welfare state. Since British republican spirit of the 1940s presupposed communitarian solidarity, the active role of the state, and education of faithful citizens, waning republican ethos mainly resulted from the weak role of the state as well as society as an agency of formative politics, that is, their inefficient battle for implanting the sense of common humanity and battering prejudice against ethnic minorities. Although political agitation surrounding ethnic minorities do influence the recession of the welfare state, if people exclusively credit the trade-off hypothesis, it can be a self-fulfilling prophecy which unfairly stigmatizes ethnic minorities under the well versed propaganda against strangers.

An Engineering View on Megatrends in Radiology : Digitization to Quantitative Tools of Medicine

김남국,최재순,Jaeyoun Yi,Seungwook Choi,박세연,장용준,서준범 대한영상의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.14 No.2

Within six months of the discovery of X-ray in 1895, the technology was used to scan the interior of the human body, paving the way for many innovations in the field of medicine, including an ultrasound device in 1950, a CT scanner in 1972, and MRI in 1980. More recent decades have witnessed developments such as digital imaging using a picture archiving and communication system, computer-aided detection/diagnosis, organ-specific workstations, and molecular, functional, and quantitative imaging. One of the latest technical breakthrough in the field of radiology has been imaging genomics and robotic interventions for biopsy and theragnosis. This review provides an engineering perspective on these developments and several other megatrends in radiology.

편도 및 아데노이드 절제술 후 잔존하는 코골이가 있는소아 환자에서 하비갑개 후방 축소술이 증상 호전에 미치는 영향

김남국,이장수,오훈재,배재훈 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2018 임상이비인후과 Vol.29 No.1

Chronic upper airway obstruction attributable to adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. Palatine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is effective for the treatment of pediatric OSA patients. However, in some children, there are still unresolved snoring and obstructive sleep apnea after the operation. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of posterior coblation of inferior turbinate with remained snoring and sleep apnea after pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Materials and Methods:We performed Prospective study about 41 children who had done tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy but still suffering from simple snoring and mouth breath, aged between 8 to 15 years old, from January to December in 2015. We did additional inferior coblation of inferior turbinate for 41 patients. Over the period between preoperation and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after operation, we evaluated Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), oxygen saturation by polysomnography, degree of snoring by Visual Analogue Sacle (VAS) score, satisfaction for quality of sleep by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Minimal Cross section Area (MCA) and volume of nasal cavity by acoustic rhinometry, respectively. Results:After Posterior coblation of Inferior turbinate, the volume of nasal cavity voulme and MCA increased. There were significant improvements of AHI, oxygen saturation, MCA VAS and ESS score after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. But Additional posterior coblation did not make meaningful changes in AHI and saturation compared with tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Conclusions:As for pediatric OSA surgery, the evaluation of posterior nasal cavity is an indispensable factor for improving the quality of sleep and snoring. When treating pediatric OSA patients who have nasal obstruction, Posteior Coblation of inferior turbinate should be considered.

Democratic Deficit, European Constitution, and a Vision of the Federal Europe: the EU’s Path after the Lisbon Treaty

김남국,정사랑 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2010 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.17 No.2

With the implementation of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009, it has become more feasible to envisage a federal Europe through the establishment of an ‘ever closer union’ as a political entity. Although the recent EU appears more like confederal or intergovernmental than federal, the Lisbon Treaty makes it possible to postulate that the future integration process of the EU would be its advance toward a federal state. On the verge of ramification toward either a federal Europe or a durable confederation, the EU faces a critical agenda of democratic deficit, i.e., a lack of vertical accountability between European political elites and voluntarily participating European citizens. The current status of the EU is obviously unique in its structure of multi level governance. Sometimes this structure is evaluated positively, but the study of former confederations also indicates that a confederate system is not durable, and rather unstable and impermanent. If the EU wants to move in a federal direction beyond confederation, it should answer the question of democratic deficit, that is, how to find European citizens who are loyal enough to sustain an independent political community. This paper discusses a possible route for the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, especially with respect to issues related to the democratic deficit and to the necessity of devising a European constitution.

한국 대학생 영어의 거절화행 연구

김남국 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the speech act of refusal of Korean EFL learners, to classify the refusal strategies used and to assess the appropriateness of the speech act to the particular situations. The study employed 139 Korean university students and divided those subjects into two groups, Advanced group(74 students with TOEIC scores about 800), and Intermediate Group(65 students with TOEIC scores about 400). This study used 10 discourse completion tasks to elicit the subjects’s refusal utterances and 16 kinds of refusal strategies to classify the utterances. Ten judges (5 native English teachers and 5 non-native English teachers) assessed the learners’ performances of 10 refusal situations. The findings are as follows. 1) The refusal strategies used are excuse, apology, non-performative statement, alternative, insult, and philosophical strategies. 2) There is a significant difference between the advanced learners and intermediate learners in the use of refusal strategies. Advanced learners use strategies more frequently than intermediate learners. 3) There is no significant difference among the sociocultural variables in the use of refusal strategies. 4) The overall appropriateness level of Korean EFL learners’ performances of the speech act of refusal is between ‘often inappropriate’ and ‘slightly appropriate’. 5) There is a significant difference in the appropriateness level between the two groups. 6) There is no difference between the two groups of judges, native and non-native English teachers, in the assessment of the subjects’ performances of 10 refusal tasks.

다문화 사회에서 표현의 자유의 범위와 한계

김남국 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2017 국제지역연구 Vol.26 No.4

This article discusses the relationship between freedom of speech, hate speech, and freedom of religion through the Danish cartoon affair and Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack. The author tries to find the proper range of freedom of speech beyond a simple dichotomy between freedom of speech and blasphemy in a multicultural society. The aforementioned events and their aftermaths show that freedom of speech can be limited by the regulation of hate speech, and that the guideline of such regulations would be a given identity like race, ethnicity, gender and region, which one could not choose by oneself. Religion in modern western tradition, on the other hand, belongs to a non essential factor of identity that one can choose and convert anytime. While it can be the target of criticism for this reason, in this case one should make a distinction between criticism against religion itself and criticism against people who follow that religion. While the former can be protected under the freedom of speech, the latter can not be protected and becomes an object of hate speech regulation. Although legal regulation can bring about some effects through its symbolic message, the law itself functions to prohibit certain values or action as well as to produce prohibited value or action at the same time. Therefore we should focus more on deliberation and subversion reasoning than on regulation through law. The conditions to participate in deliberation such as mutual respect, rational dialogue, and political rights between social minority and majority, natives and newcomers will both enhance the political legitimacy of decision making procedure in various democratic political communities. In addition, through such deliberation, we can reach a consensus of how freedom of speech as an abstract principle would be interpreted and implemented given the local context in a more concrete way. 이 글은 덴마크 만평 사건과 샤를리 엡도 사건을 통해 다문화 사회로의 이행에서 대표적인 도전 가운데 하나인 표현의 자유와 혐오표현의 관계, 그리고 종교의 자유와 혐오표현의 관계를 정치이론 차원에서 추론하고, 표현의 자유와 종교의 자유가 혐오표현의 범주를 피해서 양립할 수 있는 가능 성을 심의다문화주의 모델을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. 두 사건에서 나타난 표현의 자유와 혐오표현의 규제 여부를 둘러싼 논쟁은 표현의 자유가 혐오표현의 규제에 의해 제약될 수 있으며 그 기준은 자 신이 선택할 수 없었던 주어진 정체성에 근거한 혐오표현이 우선 해당되고 종교 역시 선택 가능한 후천적 정체성 요소에 해당되어 표현의 자유가 보장하는 비판의 대상에 포함된다는 점을 보여준다. 그러나 이 경우에도 종교자체에 대한 비판과 그 종교를 따르는 개인 및 집단에 대한 혐오표현은 구 분되어야 한다. 전자는 표현의 자유의 권리가 보장되지만 후자는 혐오표현으로 규제의 대상이 된 다. 그렇지만 법적 규제는 그 상징성에 의해 영향력을 발휘하더라도 특정 가치의 금지와 생산을 동 시에 진행하는 기능 때문에 오히려 심의와 전복적 사유에 더 주목할 필요가 있다. 심의에 참여하는 윤리적 조건들, 예를 들어 사회적 소수와 다수, 원주민과 이민자가 상호존중과 합리적 대화, 정치적 권리의 원칙을 지키면서 이뤄낸 정책결정들은 민주적 정당성을 증진시키며 이 심의의 과정에서 우 리는 추상적인 원칙으로서 표현의 자유가 구체적인 지역의 맥락에서 해석되고 실천되는 방식에 합 의할 수 있다.

한국 대학생들의 영어 관계대명사 습득 양상

김남국 미래영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the order of difficulty in the acquisition of relative clause constructions by Korean college students. Five hypotheses were tested and examined to predict the order of difficulty. The study employed 55 Korean college students and used the production and comprehension task to elicit necessary data from subjects. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the investigation showed that two of the 5 hypotheses, the PDH and the SOHH were supported best in predicting the order of difficulty in the acquisition of English relative clause constructions. The position of antecedents and the syntactic function of NPs affect the acquisition order. Secondly, the acquisition order seemed to be different according to the task types used in the experiment. Thirdly, the analysis of the two elicitation tasks revealed that there is a significant difference in the acquisition order of the two tasks. And the score of the comprehension task is higher than that of production task of the relative clause constructions.