THE USE OF DIALOGUES FOR TEACHING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

김남국 한국강원영어영문학회 1990 영어영문학 Vol.- No.9

외국어 교육의 목표는 학습자의 외국어 사용능력 즉 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 데 있다. 오래전부터 dialogue를 이용한 외국어 교육이 성행해 왔다. 그러나 오늘날까지도 교육현장에서 dialogues는 주로 언어적인 면(구문 위주의 문법적인 면)이 제시되었고 학습자는 그것을 반복과 암기를 통하여 자동적으로 발화될 수 있도록 하는 데 교육의 역점을 두었다. 본고에서는 dialogue를 단순한 언어적인 면의 기술 뿐만 아니라 의사소통 상황에서 생활의 실제표현으로서 제시하고자 하였으며, 또한 대화의 여러가지 특성을 살펴 보았다. 대화자는 의사소통 상황에서 의사소통능력이 없으면 의사소통이 불가능하다. Canale와 Swain은 의사소통능력이 구성하고 있는 요소로서 4가지 능력, 즉 문법능력, 사회문화적 능력, 담화능력, 그리고 전략능력을 제시하였다. 의사소통상황에서 원만한 의사소통이 이루어 지려면 학습자는 문법적인 능력의 향상 뿐만 아니라 사회문화적 능력, 담화능력, 전략능력을 함께 향상시켜야 한다. 이러한 점에서 본고는 Canale와 Swain의 이론을 토대로 삼아 dialogue를 이용하여 외사소통능력의 구성요소인 개별능력을 향상시키는 학습활동과 개별능력을 통합시키는 학습활동의 예를 제시하여 학습자의 의사소통능력을 향상시키는 방법을 모색하였다.

한국 대학생 영어 중간언어의 사과화행 분석 및 적합도 평가

김남국 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the speech act of apology of Korean EFL learners and to assess the appropriateness of the speech act of apology to the particular situations. The study employed 139 Korean learners of English and divided those subjects into two groups, Group A(74 students with TOEIC scores about 800), and Group B(65 students with TOEIC scores about 400). This study used 10 discourse completion tasks to elicit the subjects’s apology utterances and 9 kinds of apology strategies to classify the apology utterances. Ten judges (5 native English teachers and 5 non-native English teachers) assessed the learners’ performances of 10 apology situations. The findings are as follows. ① The apology strategies used are illocutionary force indicating devices, explanation, acknowledgement of responsibility, offer of repair, upgrader, downgrader, discourse marker, promise of forbearance, and denial. ② There is a significant difference between the advanced learners and intermediate learners in the use of apology strategies. Advanced learners use strategies much more frequently than intermediate learners. ③ There is a significant difference among the socio-cultural variables in the use of apology strategies. ④ The overall appropriateness level of Korean EFL learners’ performances of apology is between ‘often inappropriate’ and ‘slightly appropriate’. ⑤ There is no difference between the two groups of judges, native and non-native English teachers in the assessment of the subjects’ performances of 10 apology tasks.

Constitution and Citizenship in a Multicultural Korea: Limitations of a Republican Approach

김남국 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2007 Korea Journal Vol.47 No.4

편도절제술의 4가지 기법에 대한 비교

김남국,오현명,김주영,김대웅,김위황,최동진 대한이비인후과학회 2013 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.56 No.12

Background and Objectives Tonsillectomy remains to be an ordinary operative process in otorhinolaryngology. The aim of this study is to evaluate four current tonsillectomy techniques, conventional dissection, electrocautery tonsillectomy, laser tonsillectomy, coblation tonsillectomy, comparing operation time, postoperative pain, postoperative otalgia and postoperative hemorrhage. Subjects and Method From March 2012 to December 2012, a total of 61 patients between the ages of 10 years and 58 years scheduled for tonsillectomy were randomly assigned to conventional dissection, electrocautery, laser, coblation groups. All tonsillectomies were performed under general anesthesia. Results Coblation tonsillectomy technique produced the shortest total surgical time, averaging 19.1 minutes. Electrocautery was the most painful method and postoperative pain was less in laser and coblation, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two. The incidence of primary and secondary hemorrhage was statistically insignificant between the surgical methods. Conclusion This study found that coblation tonsillectomy led to statistically shorter surgical time. However, the four techniques showed no statistically significant difference in the postoperative pain, postoperative otalgia and hemorrhage. Coblation tonsillectomy and laser tonsillectomy are found to be both useful in patients who are sensitive to postoperative pain.

Consensus Democracy as an Alternative Model in Korean Politics

김남국 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2008 Korea Journal Vol.48 No.4

This paper is a deontological justification of consensus democracy as an alternative model in Korean politics. Korea has experienced a crisis of representation marked by increasing exclusion of the voices of social minorities and a crisis of solidarity in which there is an absence of sufficient trust between social minorities and majorities. To solve these crises, this paper argues the need for a paradigm shift from majoritarian democracy to consensus democracy. Majoritarian democracy does not work properly as Korean society has undergone various, new cleavages from below, resulting in a widening gap between winners and losers. In contrast, consensus democracy in the form of a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and federalism may be an alternative model that could resolve people’s current discontent over Korean politics. However, many scholars criticize the inefficiency of consensus democracy based on consequentialist reasoning, which traces the result or effect of a certain policy in order to judge whether it is desirable or not. This paper argues against such criticism from the viewpoint of deontological reasoning in which a certain policy is supported as long as it bears its own value based on its capacity for normative rationalization. This paper is a deontological justification of consensus democracy as an alternative model in Korean politics. Korea has experienced a crisis of representation marked by increasing exclusion of the voices of social minorities and a crisis of solidarity in which there is an absence of sufficient trust between social minorities and majorities. To solve these crises, this paper argues the need for a paradigm shift from majoritarian democracy to consensus democracy. Majoritarian democracy does not work properly as Korean society has undergone various, new cleavages from below, resulting in a widening gap between winners and losers. In contrast, consensus democracy in the form of a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and federalism may be an alternative model that could resolve people’s current discontent over Korean politics. However, many scholars criticize the inefficiency of consensus democracy based on consequentialist reasoning, which traces the result or effect of a certain policy in order to judge whether it is desirable or not. This paper argues against such criticism from the viewpoint of deontological reasoning in which a certain policy is supported as long as it bears its own value based on its capacity for normative rationalization.

Saving Human Rights from Cultural Relativism with Compassion

김남국,김동헌 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2014 평화연구 Vol.22 No.1

How can we justify the idea of universal human rights? Can wesave universal human rights from cultural relativism with compassionrather than reason? Reason has served as the predominant basis ofhuman rights since the era of Enlightenment. However, an adequatesource of human rights required today is decisively universal, but atthe same time considerably sensitive to the abundant diversity ofmoral values. We respond to this question by critically examining thehuman rights theories of Richard Rorty and Martha Nussbaum, alongwith moral sentiment theories of David Hume and Adam Smith. Weargue first that moral sentiment is no less a foundational source thancontextual; second, compassion rather than reason constitutes thefoundational source of human beings. In developing each point, wesubject to careful analysis of Hume's view on the foundation ofmorality and Smith's idea of the impartial spectator. Reason andcompassion are both essential for an individual to be moral, but, moreimportantly, we argue that compassion is the source of moralitywhich makes every human being entitled to universal human rights.

한국인 영어 학습자의 의사소통능력 평가

김남국 강원대학교 어학교육원 , 1994 어학연구 Vol.1 No.-

EndoscrubⓇ을 이용한 부비동 내시경수술이 수술시간에 미치는 효과

김남국,오현명,김주영,최동진,김위황,이장수 대한이비인후과학회 부산,울산,경남 지부회 2013 임상이비인후과 Vol.24 No.2

Background and Objectives:Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effec- tive treatment for chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis. But during opera- tion, foggy or contaminated endoscopic lenz takes long time for operation to clean lenz. To solve this problem, the EndoscrubⓇ has been used from the 1990s. It dramatically improved visualization and reduced operation ti- me during surgery. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of the EndoscrubⓇ on operation time required for ESS. Materials and Methods:We investigated operation time in 60 patients underwent both ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. We perfomed ESS using EndoscrubⓇ on side and not using EndoscrubⓇ on the other side. The operation time was then compared with the preoperative computed tomographic staging and surgery scores. Results:The time requirement for ESS by using EndoscrubⓇ, operation time were much lower in using EndoscrubⓇ group than not using EndoscrubⓇ group. Conclusion:The EndoscrubⓇ is a very useful instrument for ESS and it can reduce operation time during ESS.

아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스가 유화형 소시지의 발색 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향

김남국,정한혁,이창수,이승환,김언현,Kim, Nam-Kuk,Jung, Han-Hyuck,Lee, Chang-Soo,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Oun-Hyun 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 첨가하는 방법을 개선, 대체하기 위하여 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스를 이용하여 유화형 소시지를 제조하고, 발색 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 대조구는 아질산염 150 ppm, 아스코르브산 450 ppm을 직접 첨가하여 제조하였으며, 실험구는 동일량의 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 반응시켜 생성된 가스를 포집하여 유화물 제조에 사용하였다. 대조구 및 실험구에서 원료육 보다 높은 pH를 보였으나, 저장기간 중 pH의 범위가 6.22-6.34로 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 육색의 경우 원료육에 비해 높아진 명도(lightness, CIE $L^*$)와 적색도(redness, $a^*$)를 보였으며, 저장기간 중 실험구가 대조구에 비해 낮은 적색도, 높은 황색도(yellowness, $b^*$)를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 그러나 명도의 경우 실험구와 대조구간 차이를 보이진 않았다. 물리적 특성 변화로 가열 및 저장감량에서 실험구와 대조구간 차이가 관찰되었으나(p<0.05), 보수력 및 전단력에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 저장기간 중 실험구와 대조구 모두에서 저장감량이 증가됨을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스의 처리가 유화물의 발색 및 물리적 특성에 있어 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 처리한 경우와 유사한 효과를 나타내며, 이는 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스가 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 첨가하는 방법을 개선, 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In order to improve or replace the direct addition method of nitrite and ascorbic acid, the effect of nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas addition on color development and physical characteristics in emulsified sausage was investigated. Nitrite (150 ppm) and ascorbic acid (450 ppm) were added directly to emulsion in the control group, but in the treatment group nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas was used for emulsion. In the control and treatment groups, pH values were higher than raw meat, but these values did not show significant change during the storage in both groups. In the meat color, lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) values of control and treatment groups were higher compared to raw meat. The treatment group has lower redness and higher yellowness ($b^*$) values than control group during the storage (p<0.05). However, lightness was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The cook and storage loss values were significantly different between control and treatment groups (p<0.05), but the water holding capacity and shear force values were not significantly different between groups. These results showed that treatment of nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas has a similar effect to direct addition of nitrite and ascorbic acid on color development and physical characteristics in emulsified sausage. Also, these results showed that nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas addition may be a good possible alternative of nitrite and ascorbic acid using in emulsified sausage.

Identity Crisis and Social Integration under Globalization in Korea

김남국 한국학술연구원 2013 Korea Observer Vol.44 No.1

Identity means a sense of belonging or recognition of commonality. The role of identity is important as a prerequisite to solving the problems of social integration and political legitimacy. However,globalization has brought an identity crisis to the traditional nation state in two dimensions. The first is a socioeconomic cleavage resulting from the widening economic inequality and the second is a sociocultural cleavage following the transition to a multicultural society. This paper explores what kinds of standards may be used to reshape the Korean identity and what sorts of principles may be considered to sustain Korean democracy. To achieve social integration with a new Korean identity, I suggest a transition from majoritarian democracy to consensual democracy at the political system level and a shift of focus from ethnic nation to civic nation at the national discourse level. In this new political community,patriotism based on political values and principles that we have inherited from the legacy of democratization will be the core element of Korean identity, and it should be borne out of equilibrium between emotional attachment and rational reflection in the process of constructing individual as well as group identities.