연속고정방목 체계하에서 착유우에 의한 일당 채식량 및 산유량의 변화

김태환 ( T H Kim ),김기원 ( K W Kim ),김병호 ( B H Kim ) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.5

In order to study the daily dynamics of herbage intake and milk yield in a Lolium perenne sward, studies related to sward structure and sward measurement, on individual marked tillers were carried out for five days of paddock grazing through three experimental periods. The extended tiller height progressively decreased as grazing advanced. Daily proportions of defoliated tiller also decreased with a close relation to extended tiller height. Daily grazed area and depth of grazing declined in the similar manner showing a rapid fall for the first three days and a slow decline after the fourth day, and the decline in both appears to have a horizontal symmetry with the evolution of grazed. bulk density as grazing proceeded down during five days. Average daily herbage intake decreased from 16.4 ㎏CDM/cow on the first day to 13.9 ㎏OM/cow on the last day, and daily milk yield also decreased from 21.7 ㎏/cow to (9.7 ㎏/cow. The evolutions of herbage intake and milk yield followed more or less the carne pattern remaining nearly constant for the first two days and falling from the third day. Daily herbage intake and milk yield were highly (P$lt;0.01) correlated to the extended tiller height.

Chemical and Crystalline Properties of Polyimide Film Deposited by Ionized Cluster Beam

김기원(K.W. Kim),최성창(S.C. Choi),김성수(S.S. Kim),조성진(S.J. Cho),홍사용(S.Y. Hong),정광호(K.H. Jeong),황정남(J.N. Whang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1992 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.1 No.1

Ionized Cluster Beam(ICB) 방법을 이용하여 Polyimide(PI) 박막을 증착시켰다. 증착된 PI 박막의 결정성과 이미드화의 정도를 투과전자현미경(TEM)과 적외선 분광 스펙트럽(FT-IR)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 최적의 조건에서 증착된 PI 박막은 이미드화가 최대로 증가하였고 결정구조를 가짐을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이것은 다른 방법으로 제작된 PI 박막과 비교할 때 훨씬 우수한 것이다. Polyimide (PI) thin films were deposited by the ionized cluster beam deposition (ICBD) technique. Imidization and crystallization of PI films were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). PI films deposited under optimum conditions showed a maximum imidization and good crystal structure, which are superior to those of the films fabricated by other techniques.

SiO₂/TiO₂/ZrO₂ 광대역 반사방지막의 제작 및 광학적 특성 분석

강만일(M. I. Kang),류지욱(J. W. Ryu),김기원(K. W. Kim),김찬희(C. H. Kim),백영기(Y. K. Baek),이동현(D. H. Lee),이성룡(S. R. Lee) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2008 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.17 No.2

RF 스퍼터링 시스템을 이용하여 SiO₂/TiO₂/ZrO₂ 광대역 반사방지막을 단계별로 제작하였고, 분광타원계와 UV-Vis 분광광도계를 이용하여 박막의 두께, 굴절률 및 투과율 스펙트럼을 300~900㎚의 파장 영역에 걸쳐 측정 및 분석하였다. 측정 및 분석된 박막의 두께, 굴절률 및 투과율 스펙트럼을 설계값과 비교·평가한 결과 각층의 두께, 굴절률의 차이에 따른 투과율의 변화를 분석할 수 있었고, 박막의 두께보다는 굴절률과 굴절률의 분산형태가 투과율의 변화에 더 크게 기여함을 알 수 있었다. SiO₂/TiO₂/ZrO₂ broadband anti-reflective multi-layer thin films were prepared at room temperature by RF sputtering system. Optical constants and structural properties on each layer of films were analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometer and transmittance spectra of the films were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the range of 300~900 ㎚. To evaluate the films, we compared the measured and analyzed spectra with designed spectra. We investigated influence of discrepancy of thickness and refractive indices of each layer on changes of the transmittance spectra. It was found that refractive indices and shape of dispersion of deposition materials are more contributed to changes of the transmittance spectra than thickness of layer.

플라즈마 모델을 이용한 방전가공의 전기적 거동 예측

김기원(K. W. Kim),정영훈(Y. H. Jeong),민병권(B.-K. Min),이상조(S.-J. Lee) 한국정밀공학회 2005 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.10월

In the electro-discharge machining the machining performance is closely related to the characteristics of discharge which can be identified from electrical behavior in gap between workpiece and electrode. Therefore, the accurate prediction of electrical behavior in electro-discharge machining (EDM) is useful to process control and optimization. However, any simulation model for prediction of electrical behavior in EDM process has never been reported until now. In this study, a simulation model is developed to analyze the electrical behavior of electro-discharge plasma which significantly influences electrical behavior in EDM process. For the purpose of this the fundamentals of electro-discharge mechanism such as inception, propagation, formation of plasma channel and termination are investigated to accurately predict the cycle of discharge plasma in EDM. As a result, a mathematical model of electro-discharge plasma is constructed with considering the fundamentals of electro-discharge plasma. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the developed model can predict the electrical behavior of plasma such as electron density in various conditions.

마이크로 팩토리를 위한 미세 방전 가공 장치의 해석 및 제어

유병한(B. H. Yoo),김기원(K. W. Kim),김태곤(T. G. Kim),정재원(J. W. Jung),정영훈(Y. H. Jeong),민병권(B-K. Min),이상조(S. J. Lee) 한국생산제조학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Electrical discharge machining method is a valuable manufacturing method in the microfactory system. In this study, a model-based process analysis and control methods are developed. The electric discharge power simulation and process simulation can be introduced and the optimization of EDM machining condition for the better understanding of electrical discharge phenomena. For the accurate control of machining depth in EDM, a real time control method is developed using plasma pulse counting. As a result, it is demonstrated that the flat machined surface can be obtatined using the developed control method.

율무의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 4 . 품질별에 따른 초장 , 생초수량 및 조곡수량 시험

김기원,김윤환 ( K . W . Kim,Y . H . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.4

To investigate the productivity of various species of Coix lacryma, L, 5 species of improved Coix lacryma L. and 3 species of native Coix lacryma L. were cultivated for 5 months from March, 1976 to October, 1976 at the field of Gyeong Nam Provincial Divestock Breeding Station. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Grass height of various species of Coix lacryma L. was 119.5 to 130.9㎝. There were no significant differences between various species even though slight differences were found out among species. 2. Yield of native and improved species of Coix lacryma L. was 9663.3㎏ and 6645.4㎏ per 10a., respectively. Native species was generally higher in the yield than improved species. A highly (p$lt;0.01) significant differences were found out among various species. 3. DM percent of improved and native species of Coix lacryma L. was 14.07-14.53% to 16.33-16.40%, respectively. It was tendency that DM percent of native species was higher than that of improved species. 4. In the grain yield of improved species 412-596㎏ per 10a and higher than that (330.3-387.0㎏ per 10a.) of native species. There were a significant(p$lt;0.05) difference among various species. According to this experiment, it was concluded that native species was good for green grass and improved species was good grain yield.

퍼지규칙을 이용한 전자침

홍유식(Y.S.Hong),김홍균(H.K.Kim),박계각(G.K.park),송미희(M.H. Song),김기원(K.W.Kim),서권구(K.G.SEO,) 한국지능시스템학회 2012 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

연속고정방목 체계하에서 착유우에 의한 일간 방목진행과정과 식생구조의 변화

김태환 ( T H Kim ),김기원 ( K W Kim ),김병호 ( B H Kim ) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Sward measurememt using the tiller marker technique was carried out to study the dynamics of the grazing process by dairy cows in the Lolium perenne sward during five days of continuous paddock grazing through three experimental periods. Herbage mass progressively decreased with the progress of grazing down. Biomass and density of live leaves reduced with a more sensitive pattern than those of dead material and leaf sheath as grazing advanced. The average density of live decreased from 530 to 85 ㎏OM/㏊/cm. All live leave, vertically distributed to 2S ㎝ were defoliated after live days of grazing. Depth of grazing and daily proportion of defoliated tiller decreased exponentially as Grazing proceeded down. The bite depth averaged 35.8 % (±2.16 %) of the height of defoliated tillers before gracing with a range of 349 to 147 ㎜ through the three experimental periods. The maximum and minimum depth of grazing were reduced from 121 and 94 ㎜ on the last day to 75 and 63 ㎜ on the last day of grazing. The average grazed area decreased also from 1018 to 62.8 ㎡. The significant(p$lt;0.05) correlations between extended tiller height and the proportion of defoliated tiller(r=0.86), grazing depth(r=0.97), or grazed area(r=0.52) were obtained. These results suggest that the measurements of current sward height and sward structure appear to be a very useful means of studying the daily dynamics of herbage utilization.

낙농경영에 관한 조사 ( 경남 지방을 중심으로 )

김기원 ( K W Kim ),김후근 ( H K Kim ) 한국축산학회 1970 한국축산학회지 Vol.12 No.3

These studies attempted to obtain a fundamental data for development of a dairy in Kyung-Nam Province. The first object of the region is 13 farm houses in the suburbs of a large city. The second object of the region is 9 farm houses in the mountain village. This survey was accomplished from February, 1969 to May, 1969. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The average age of farm operator was 46 and a variance of operators ages distribute equally in each 30, 40, 50 years of age, but a few differences appeared among the regions. 2. The farm operators educated from Junior School and above level was 82.9%, while the farm operators educated from Elementary School and without school education was only 17.1% but any differences did not appeared in the degree of farm operators education. 3. Dairy farm is 8.9km from market or cooperative of milk apart in average, but a very high difference appeared in regions. The milk is usually delivered by bicycle and bus. 4. The number of milk cows per feeding farm was 3.9 head, but a few differences appeared among the regions. The number of farm which raised less than 5 heads was 77.3%, and the number of farm which raised more than 10 heads was 7.1%. 5. It was 89.0% of all Holstein in Kyung-Nam and Holstein which are under 3 years of age was 58.1%. Out of 273 head, 250 were female and 23 were male. 6. The average area of land for dairy cattle per farm and head was respectively 411.a and 105.4a, and the average of crop land per farm and head was respectively 163.1a and 41.8a, but a very high difference appeared among the regions. 7. Gross farm receipts per farm was 377,422 won. About 65% of the gross farm receipts was obtained from milk production, but a very high difference appeared among the regions. Gross farm receipts per head was 103,894 won, but a few differences appeared among the regions. 8. Farm expences were 248,966 won. Feed accounted for about 39% of the total. 9. Farm income and net income per farm was respectively 128,456 won and 77,990 won, but a very high difference appeared among the regions. Farm income and net income per head were respectively 76,777 won and 63,837 won, but a few differences appeared among the regions.

달리기의 효율과 안전을 증강할 수 있는 새로운 폼팩터를 갖춘 신발의 개발

유기평(K. P. Yu),강수경(S. K. Kang),이상엽(S. Y. Lee),윤성식(S.-S. Yun),안주은(J. E. Ahn),김기원(K. W. Kim),박주연(J. Y. Park),조규진(K. J. Cho) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

달리기는 운동을 목적으로 수행되는 가장 기본적인 신체활동으로 신체 건강 증진, 스트레스 해소 등 다양한 목적으로 이루어진다. 다양한 신발, 보조기들과 달리 기간 사용자의 운동 능력을 증강하고, 부상을 방지하기 위해 개발되었지만, 그 두가지 목적을 하나의 시스템으로 통합하는 데엔 한계가 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발-발목 내부의 아킬레스건과 족저근막의 해부학적 구조를 모사한 탄성밴드를 신발 내부에 반영하여 달리기간 에너지 효율성 향상과 족저근막의 부상을 예방할 수 있는 새로운 폼팩터의 신발을 개발하였다. 개발된 신발은 일반 신발과 달리 앞발과 뒷발 사이 신발 허리부의 자유로운 움직임이 가능하여 신발과 발 사이의 상대움직임을 최소화하며, 이를 통해 발목의 움직임과 발 아치의 움직임을 함께 활용해 탄성밴드의 에너지 저장 및 방출 기능을 수행한다. 또한, 달리기 시작전 탄성밴드를 프리텐션시켜 발목의 저측굴곡을 강화하며 달리기 속도를 높이는데 적합한 앞발착지 주법을 유도한다. 탄성밴드가 작용하는 수축력과 강성은 발 아치의 과내전을 감소시켜 달리기간 족저근막 부상의 위험성을 낮춘다. 신발내 탄성밴드의 장착 여부에 따른 비교 시, 장착 후 보행 주기 전반에 걸쳐 발목 족저굴곡이 강화되어 앞발착지 주법이 유도됨이 확인되었다. 상용 신발과 비교한 달리기 테스트간 9 km/h 속도에서 3.9%, 11 km/h 속도에서 6.5%의 에너지 소모가 감소되어 에너지 효율성 개선이 이루어졌다. 발-발목 구조를 모사한 더미를 통한 착지 테스트를 통해 상용 신발의 경우 족저근막 모사체가 파단된 반면, 본 연구를 통해 개발된 신발은 모사체를 온전히 보호할 수 있었다.