『동물원 이야기』에서의 제리의 욕망

김기애 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.2

As Jerry's death in The Zoo Story is shocking, the motives of his death are not at all convincing. This led many critics to argue the meaning of his death and explain it in various ways. This paper attempts to reexamine other possible motives of Jerry's death focusing on his desire and its functions in relation to Lacan's concept of desire and narcissism. Jerry's desire is to have a meaningful relationship with someone. However, he knows how hard it is. Jerry tries to have a meaningful relationship with the dog at the rooming house where he stays. But when Jerry fails to build the relationship with the dog by serving it hamburger meat, Jerry attempts to kill the dog with poisoned meat. After this incident, the dog ignores Jerry. Jerry attempts to have a relationship with a man, who happens to be Peter. Jerry, however, treats Peter the same way he treated the dog. Jerry is violent, both verbally and physically, to Peter. Jerry wants to impose his desire on Peter. In doing so, Jerry kills himself. His suicide is reflective of his narcissism according to Lacan. In his attack on Peter, Jerry sees Peter not as an individual but as a representative of the American middle class. Jerry sees Peter as the Other of the Symbolic, an object of an attack, which often appears in the action of a narcissistic person.

『인간과 초인간』의 앤 화이트필드 : 수단인가 목적인가?

김기애 서강영문학회 1996 서강영문학 Vol.7 No.-

쇼는 예술가인 남자와 어머니인 여자 사이의 남녀 투쟁을 영구적인 것으로 예견하고 있다. 이 극의 희극 부문에서 태너는 결국 앤에게 항복하고 만다. 그는 다음과 같이 말한다. "우리는 우리 자신이 아니라 세상의 의지 대로 행한다. 당신이 남편을 가져야 하는 것이 세상의 의지이므로 나는 나 자신이 결혼 당하도록 내버려 둘지 모른 다는 두려운 느낌이 듭니다" 앤의 마지막 승리도 결국에는 태너의 불가항력적인 굴복이 아니라 그의 의식적인 선택에 의해 가능해진다. 팻카 가 지적한 대로, "쇼는 남자는 어떤 경우이든지 희생자라고 믿지 않았으며 남자는 모두 의식적인 선택을 해야한다"는 식이다. 비록앤이 태너를 쫓아다니므로 인습적인 여성 상과 거리가 멀어 보인다 하더라도, 그녀는 자신에게 주어진 생물학적인 역할을 벗어나지 못한다. 쇼가 여성 해방 운동의 지지자라고 하더라도 그가 창조한 앤은 어디까지나 어머니이지 남자와 동등한 자유로운 영혼의 소유자는 아니다. 그래서 쇼는 사람은 수단이 아니라 목적으로 취급되어야 한다고한 자신의 주장과 다르게 앤을 인간 진화에 기여하는 생명력의 수단 이상, 즉 목적으로 제시하지 못한다. 쇼가 보여주는 비인습적인 여성이 단지 어머니가 되는 것으로 만족해 버린다면, 쇼는 자기가 말한 자립적인 한 개인으로서의 여성을 창조하지는 못할 것이다.

고등학교 가정 의복 만들기 실습의 적합성에 관한 조사연구

김기애,문정숙,김여숙 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

This research was made to examine the compatability of the practice activities required in the textbook of Home Economics in the high school. The method of it was questionnaires of 18 questions to 78 teachers who are in charge of the subject in the District of Kyungsangnam. The results of them are as follows; (1) Most of teachers don't think of the practice activities of making clothes as an important job. (2) With directions of making 6 items of Korean traditional Clothes and 7 of Western clothes in the textbook, the classroom activities are restricted to the simplest items, for example, Busun(Korean traditional socks) or a skirt. Teachers' pointed out that the incompatibility of it comes from lack of sewing rooms, hours for activities, difficult requirement to follow to make clothes and obtain stuff for them as a high school student. In this study we analyzed the cause of the incompatibility of clothing construction in the high school and suggested the various ways to improve it.

『세 명의 키 큰 여인』: 한 여성의 독백

김기애 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

In his Pulitzer prize-winning play, Three Tall Women (1994), Edward Albee examines his relationship with his adoptive mother, Frances Albee. As her type is not an unfamiliar character in Albee's plays, the way her type is presented differs from the way in other plays. Albee uses new and unique dramatic and theatrical techniques in presenting the character. This paper examines these techniques and their effects. Three Tall Women is composed of two acts. Act I is realistic in characterization and mood, whereas Act Ⅱ is expressionistic and Brechtian. Three women of Act I reappear as three ages of the same woman in Act Ⅱ. In Act Ⅱ they talk with each other about their lives and occasionally they come out to the front of the stage to talk directly to the audience. Thus, they tear down the invisible wall between the stage and the audience. Besides, there is Mannequin "A" in bed and a young man on stage. They do not talk with three women, but they stay on stage till the end of the play They create a dream-like and expressionistic mood and play the role of the audience on stage as well. The dramatic and theatrical techniques aim to encourage the audience to actively participate in the dramatic experience. In addition, they are used to raise the consciousness of the audience to improve the society.

안면도 대기 중 PM2.5 내 n-alkanes의 월별 농도 분포 특성

김기애,이종식,김은실,정창훈,김용표,이지이 한국대기환경학회 2018 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The n-alkanes which are stable compounds in the atmosphere are emitted by anthropogenic sources and biological sources. The goal of this study is to understand characteristics of n-alkane distributions in PM2.5 of the Anmyeon Island which is one of background site in Korea. The concentration of n-alkanes in PM2.5 was measured at Anmyeon Island for one year from June 2015 to May 2016. The average concentration of total n-alkanes ( Σ n-alkanes) from C20 to C34 was 14.02±10.26 ng m-3 and ranged from 1.77 to 47.65 ng m-3. Various diagnostic parameters were used to identify the source. As a result, it is considered that Anmyeon Island had a large influence of biological sources during non-heating period, while the influence of anthropogenic emission during the heating period was significant. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and yielded three components that accounted for 93.6% of the total variance in n-alkanes. Factor 1, which accounted for 42.3% of the total variance, indicated anthropogenic source including fossil fuel and biomass combustion, while, Factor 3 was interpreted as the biological sources such as plant wax.

남극 대기 중 유기 에어로졸의 주요 발생원 규명

김기애,유하영,김연태,박지연,박기태,윤영준,정창훈,김용표,이지이 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

남극은 지구상에서 인위적인 오염의 영향이 가장 적은 곳임에도 불구하고 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 남극 환경은 많은 변화가 일어나고 있다. 현재 남극에서는 기후변화 영향 및 원인 규명을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 특히 대기 중 에어로졸은 기후변화에 직간접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 에어로졸의 물리화학적 특성을 이해하려는 연구가 진행되고 있지만 이에 대한 이해가 부족한 실정이다. 대기 에어로졸은 인위적, 자연적으로 비롯되며 이들이 구성되는 성분은 그 배출특성에 따라 각기 다른 구성을 가진다. 따라서 대기에어로졸의 발생 특성을 파악하기 위해 다양한 개별유기성분들의 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 fatty acids (13종), dicarboxylic acids (16종), benzencarboxylic acids (4종), sugars (12종), sugar-alcohols (9종), resin acids (2종), sterols (7종) phenolic acids (2종) 그리고 cis-pinonic acid를 포함한 총 66종의 유기성분들을 분석하였다. 이들은 주로 바이오매스 연소나 광화학반응 또는 자연적인 생물기원에 의해 생성/배출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이들 구성성분의 농도 분포 특성을 파악한다면 남극 대기 에어로졸 내 유기성분의 기원을 파악할 수 있고, 이를 통해 인위적 오염원과 자연적 영향이 남극에어로졸에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 남극반도의 킹조지섬에 위치한 남극세종기지(62.2°S, 58.8°W)에서 PM2.5를 채취하였고 GC-MS/MS를 이용하여 유기성분들의 정성 및 정량분석을 수행하였다. 또한 남극 PM2.5 내 유기성분들의 농도 수준을 파악하고, 각 개별성분들의 분포비율을 통해 남극 대기 에어로졸 내 유기성분들의 생성기원의 특성을 이해하고자 하였다.

안면도 대기 중 PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> 내 n-alkanes의 월별 농도 분포 특성

김기애,이종식,김은실,정창훈,김용표,이지이 한국대기환경학회 2017 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

Effect of Statin Use on Liver Cancer Mortality Considering Hypercholesterolemia and Obesity in Patients with Non-Cirrhotic Chronic Hepatitis B

김기애,심재준,이지성,김병호,김정욱,오치혁,오창모,오인환,박소연 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.12

Little is known about the benefits of statin use on liver cancer mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) consideringhypercholesterolemia and obesity. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a Health ExaminationCohort of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. Data on CHB patients with no other concurrent liver diseasewere acquired, and statin use was defined as a cumulative daily dose ≥28. A 3-year landmark analysis was performed to avoid immortaltime bias. Patients who started statin therapy within the landmark date were considered statin users. A Cox regressionanalysis was applied to assess associations between statin use and liver cancer mortality considering hypercholesterolemia andobesity. Among 13063 patients, 193 (1.5%) died of liver cancer during the mean follow-up period of 10.6 years. After adjusting fordemographic and metabolic factors, statin use [hazard ratio (HR), 0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04–0.70] and hypercholesterolemia(HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24–0.88 for total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL) were associated with a decreased risk of liver cancer mortality,whereas body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 was associated with an increased risk of liver cancer mortality (HR, 2.46; 95% CI,1.20–5.06). This study showed that statin use was associated with decreased liver cancer mortality when adjusting for cholesterollevels and BMI. This study found that hypercholesterolemia was independently associated with decreased liver cancer mortalityregardless of statin use.

가정과 실습의 효율화를 위한 학습자료 개발에 관한 연구 - 고등학교 의생활 영역의 스커트 만들기를 중심으로 -

김기애,김여숙 한국가정과교육학회 2001 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The Purpose of this study is to enhance the efficiency of clothing-making units in the textbook of Home Economics for the high school students. I handed out a research paper with several questions to 75 teachers and 87 students to find out the realities of the education. There are several problems of making clothes at class: lack of time, appropriate equipment and efficient learning material. To solve these problems. I made a half-sized skirt kit utilizing OPTI Tex. a type of CAD in fashion design and copied it by silkscreen. and let the students use it. Both of the teachers and students showed positive response to the newly made kit of my own. saying that \"it is very handy to prepare and it\`s very helpful to figure out how to make skirt. \" Using the kit. we could reduce the time to make clothes by about 60 % and do well in the classroom without any sewing machines.

힘셀프의 동물 되기:『팔이 셋 달린 남자』에서

김기애 현대영미어문학회 2007 현대영미어문학 Vol.25 No.4

Edward Albee's The Man Who Had Three Arms is another act of criticism on the artificial values of the American middle class. Himself was once world-famous because of the third arm growing from his back and gives an address to the audience about the saga of his life. As the play's theme deals with Albee's usual concerns, the play's form is experimental. Albee tears down the invisible fourth wall and turns the theatre into a place of becoming which invites the audience to actively participate. I will examine the play using the Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of becoming-animal and the three major characteristics of minor literature. Himself experiences a becoming-animal, which leads him to become a nomadic subject. He deterritorializes the American society and culture, and finds his fame and success are acquired through being a talentless freak. Himself's becoming-animal, use of deterritorialized language, the play's political nature, and the collective assemblage of enunciation all serve to characterize the play as minor literature.