文壇

김기성,이기성,최영태,김민식 충남대학교 교지편집위원회 2004 寶雲 - 충남대학교 Vol.- No.35

현대몽골어와 한국어의 재귀대명사 대조 연구

김기성 한국몽골학회 2015 몽골학 Vol.0 No.43

In this study I summarized the morphology, composition, its meaning and the function of modern Mongolian reflexive pronoun and did contrastive analysis of having relevance to between Korean reflexive pronoun and Mongolian one based on the study of this. Basically modern Mongolian reflexive pronoun has the functions of an agent to express one’s own self in a context and it can refer to a first person pronoun, a second person pronoun, a third person pronoun and everybody else. Similarly Korean one has the same function to refer to any subject or agent in a context as Mongolian one. So this can be the similarity of Korean and Mongolian reflexive pronoun usage. However Korean has the different reflexive pronoun usage. For example, Korean can be spoken differently depending on the status like age, social position between speaker and listener. That is, the speaker must use correct usage of a personal pronoun and a reflexive pronoun after sorting out ‘haching(non honorific, kind of command)’, ‘pyeongching (between ordinary, fair relation)’ ‘jonching (honorific, respect)’, ‘geukjonching(very exalted)’ depending on who the listener is. But Mongolian reflexive pronoun has the different usage unlike Korean one. Not only Modern Mongolian but also reflexive pronoun has few clear distinctions except ‘та(ta)’, which means honorific title in a second person pronoun. Because a special Korean reflexive pronoun the same as Mongolian has not only common meaning but also different, various meaning depending on the surrounding situation, the context, the speaker has to select a well chosen word as the correspondence of the listener using the world in the sentence , in the context or in a speaking situation. That is, Mongolian reflexive pronoun, ‘өөр(өөрөө) /singular/’ can be widely used for expressing both the function and the meaning of many Korean reflexive pronouns. So proper Korean reflexive pronoun has to be used depending on the morphology, structure, context and speaking situation. Modern Mongolian reflexive pronoun and Korean one establish a relation with not a one-to-one correspondence relation but several-for-one correspondence relation.

삼축투수시험을 이용한 스마트차수재의 투수성능 분석

김기성,유중조,박정준,신은철,박광석 한국재난정보학회 2019 한국재난정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.09

본 논문에서는 지중에서 유기오염물질의 확산으로 광범위한 지역의 오염을 초기에 방지하기 위한 방법으로써 유기오염물 질을 선택적으로 흡착 및 팽윤할 수 있는 스마트차수소재를 이용하여 투수성능을 분석하였다. 스마트차수재의 투수계수 측정 은 ASTM D 5884의 기준을 참고하여 제작한 삼축투수시험장치를 이용하였다. 시험결과, 압력수두(75kPa)이상에서 4시간이 내 유기오염물질 접촉 시 차수성능을 발휘하였다.

현대몽골어와 한국어의 접속사 대조 연구 1 - 일부 등위접속사를 중심으로 -

김기성 한국몽골학회 2014 몽골학 Vol.0 No.36

AbstractThis study aims to understand the semantic characteristics as well as thegrammatical characteristics of conjunction(холбоос, холбоос үг, холбохүг conjunction) shown in some modern Mongolian grammar books. Inparticular, this study regarded some coordinating conjunctions(‘ба’,‘бөгөөд’/‘болоод’, ‘агаад’, ‘хийгээд’/, ‘болон’, ‘буюу’/‘юм уу’/, ‘эсвэл’/‘эсхүл’/, ‘харин’, ‘гэвч’, ‘байтугай’, ‘барахгүй’/‘үл барам’/) as standardelements and attempted to compare the conjunctions in modern Mongolianlanguage vs. Korean language. At the same time, this study identified ‘thethings in common’ and ‘individuality’ between conjunctions shown inboth countries. Based on these characteristics, this study aimed to provide'the things to be considered' in utilizing conjunctions for the learners whowanted to acquire both Mongolian and Korean languages. The traditionalMongolian grammar system sets the part-of-speech system regardingconjunctions including coordinating conjunction and subordinatingconjunction as the independent category. However, conjunctions inKorean language are regarded as sub-category of adverbs becauseconjunctions are not acknowledged for having an independent categoricalvalue. In Korean language, the applicable sub-category items can be* 단국대학교 몽골학과40 ∙ 몽골학 제36호classified into 접속부사(conjunctive adverb), 접속어(conjunctive), 연결어(connective word), 이음씨(conjunctive), 이음어찌씨(conjunctive adverb),etc. Moreover, most of Korean language use the sentence connectingconjunction that connects sentence with sentence except the lexicalconnection conjunctions such as ‘및(and)’, ‘또는(or)’, ‘곧(in other words)’and thus show a partial difference in the characteristics from someelements in modern Mongolian coordinating conjunctions which are anobject of contrast in this study. In other words, some coordinatingconjunctions in Mongolian language have a major function of ‘componentconnecting conjunction’ that connects word, phrase, and clause within asentence, whereas most of conjunctions in Korean language have a majorfunction of ‘sentence connecting conjunction’ that connects sentence withsentence. Therefore, most conjunctions in Korean language can beconsidered to be corresponding to sentence connecting conjunctionsshown in most Mongolian conjunctions, but the lexical connectionfunctions of these conjunctions cannot be neglected. Despite the presenceof difference in terms, the boundary between lexical connection conjunctionand sentence connecting conjunction is not so clear and thus this studyattempted a mutual contrast of the conjunctions by focusing on thetargeted lexical elements only. It’s natural that one vocabulary performsvarious functions or contain various meanings for linguistic-universalityreasons. The conjunctions in both countries do not have one meaning orperform one function only. Conjunction is used to connect componentsdepending on the relationship in a context or between surroundingenvironments or sometimes used as a tool to connect sentences. This iswhy it is not easy to make a clear distinction of these conjunctions orcorrespond these. The absolute thing is to select conjunction appropriatelybased on the meaning presented within a sentence.

국산시유의 품질에 관한 연구

김기성,강통삼,민병용,임상동,박동준 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.3

계절의 변화 및 열처리방법의 차이에 따른 국산시유의 품질조사를 위해서 1989 년 1 월부터 12 월까지 매주 6가지 시유제품을 수거하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 국산시유의 연평균 비중, pH 및 적정산도는 각각 1.0324, 6.66 및 0.167%였다. 2. 여름 제품의 pH가 다른 계절에 비하여 약간 높았으나 비중과 적정산도는 연중 큰 변화가 없었다. 3. 각 제품사이에 주목할 만한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Studies were conducted to investigate the quality changes of market milk products by the season and the process of heat treatment. Market milks from 6 dairy processing companies were tested for their physicochemical properties every week from Jan. to Dec. in 1989. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Average values of specific gravity, pH and titratable acidity of market milk products were 1.0324, 6.66 and 0.167%, respectively. 2. Specific gravity and titratable acidity of market milk products had little differences throughout the year, whereas pH of market milk products in summer showed a little higher value than that of other seasons. 3. Differences of physicochemical properties among 6 market milk products were not detected.

몽골의 교육행정제도에 관한 연구 - 고등교육제도와 학위제도를 중심으로 -

김기성 한국몽골학회 2015 몽골학 Vol.0 No.41

Through investigating Mongolia’s higher education system and degree system, this study is for minimizing many kinds of social problems such as inadequate degree acquisition caused by the information lack about modern Mongolia’s educational system, furthermore preparing the ground for academic culture exchanges in comparison with both Korea’s and Mongolia’s education system and degree system. The information of latest Mongolia’s higher education system and degree system will not only allow the students eagerly studying in Mongolia and their parents to gain useful information for being successful international students and but also make sure to compatamize degree system between Korea and Mongolia. It will also lay the ground work for handling improper treatment that may happen to the Mongolian students because of academic culture exchanges and academic activities increasing steadily between Korea and Mongolia and contribute to present accurate data to deal with the social problems such as fake doctor degree in a business like way when various scholarship support projects by our Korean government are being held.

현대몽골어와 한국어의 지시어 대조 연구

김기성 한국몽골학회 2014 몽골학 Vol.0 No.39

The demonstratives of modern Mongolian refer to the name of people and objects, the features, quantities, and time and space in a sentence. Different demonstratives are used depending on the distance of a particular object or person from the speaker. In Mongolian, there is the following dual pattern: demonstratives with ‘э(э-)’ root referring to close objects; demonstratives with ‘т(тэ-)’ root referring to distant objects. Such rule is very different from Korean demonstratives, which are as follows. First, there is a tri-pattern of ‘이 yi’(‘this’), ‘그 geu’(‘the’), and ‘저 jeo’(‘that’). Second, when a particular object (surrogate referent) is close to a speaker, ‘이 yi’ is used. When an object is close to a listener, ‘그 geu’ is used. When an object is distant from both a speaker and listener, ‘저 jeo’ is used. The following shows how ‘энэ’ and ‘тэр’ of Mongolian compare to Korean demonstratives. ‘энэ’ is equal to ‘this, this one (this thing) and this person (this one, this gentleman, this guy).’ ‘тэр’ is equal to the following: ‘the, the one (the thing); the person (the one, the gentleman, the guy); that, that one (that thing); that person (that one, that gentleman, that guy)’. In terms of ‘тэр’ proper demonstratives should be used selectively depending on the context and a speaker’s psychological state. There are cultural and cognitive differences between Koreans and Mongolians. Thus, different types of demonstratives are used even in the same situation. In modern Mongolian and Korean, each demonstratives can have various meanings depending on the context. The meanings should be identified correctly in each sentence or context. It is essential to selecting and using proper demonstratives and the corresponding forms correctly.

현대몽골어와 한국어의 감탄사 대조 연구

김기성 한국몽골학회 2013 몽골학 Vol.0 No.35

In this study, the overall forms, composition and significance, and functions of interjections presented in specific grammar in modern Mongolian language were organized and observed, and this was taken as the basis to conduct contrastive analysis on corresponding Korean interjections. Moreover, the contrastive analysis was applied to investigate the similarities and differences between the languages, and learners of both languages were given suggestions of an appropriate application method of interjections displayed significantly in discourse and context in addition to essential basic data. Based on the findings of this study, the following results were displayed. When it comes to the application and correspondence of interjections, the meaning initially becomes decided in the intonation, expressions, or even in context or the front and back context situations. Therefore, it is considered relatively appropriate for the approach to be taken primarily from the aspect of similarity in meaning and then to correspond with an interjection from a second language context that even hold identical sounds (pronunciation). Additionally, due to the fact that a specific meaning can even display various additional related meanings according to the situations, the expressions of many meanings mentioned in each agenda of this study are perceived as interjections which are applied widely in a comprehensive range with different meanings. Therefore, it is considered difficult to perceive specific interjections in each language as carrying only one basic meaning, and it is perceived that it is relatively difficult to conduct clearly identical one-to-one correspondence and one-to-multi or multi-to-multi correspondence has to be conducted since they can express various meanings according to the tone, expressions, context, and front and back situations of the context. Interjections are not decisive factors for communication between the speaker and the listener, but it is used diversely in real life. Furthermore, since they can display the overall meaning of specific sentences in the context, it is recognized that accurate and appropriate use is important in order to develop high quality expressions or communication capabilities regarding the particular language. Moreover, this is an important element which enables for extensive mutual understanding about the cultures, ethnic emotions, feelings, and consciousness structure of people in a particular language group. Recently, Korea-Mongolia interchange is showing rapid expansion in various fields, and therefore, there is a fast growth in the number of learners who desire to acquire languages of both countries. From this viewpoint, expressions and communication as a language is considered as the aspect that should be taken into interest preferentially. Therefore, it is considered that continuous interest and studies are needed regarding interjection of Korean and Mongolian languages since they are in charge of important roles in the increase of extensive and appropriate expressions and communication capabilities in the future.

현대몽골어와 한국어의 인칭대명사 대조 연구

김기성 한국몽골학회 2015 몽골학 Vol.0 No.40

In this study, the modern Mongolian personal pronouns(биеийн төлөөний үг) were arranged and looked at their form, meaning, and function etc. Based on these personal pronouns(first-person:‘би’, ‘бид’, ‘бид нар’, second-person:‘чи’, ‘та’, ‘та нар’, third- person:‘энэ’, ‘тэр’, ‘эд’, ‘эд нар’, ‘тэд’, ‘тэд нар’), they were analyzed and contrasted with Korean pronouns each other. In addition, through these contrasting analysis they were looked at what kind of similarities and differences they have. Also, the basic information, such as correct use of the personal pronoun which appears important in the situation of a discourse, context etc. were presented to the learners of both languages. Personal pronouns in modern Mongolian have the ability to instruct a substitute for the person in the sentence just as Korean. In general, distinguished by first-person pronoun, the second-person pronoun, third person-pronoun, and each one has a singular and plural form. Therefore, this system can be described as the similarities of both languages. However, being different from Mongolian, Korean language has many cases of using the expression varied by a identity relationship between the speaker and other listener. Depending on the status of the listener, it has differentiated by ‘haching(non honorific, kind of command)’, ‘pyeongching(between ordinary, fair relation)’, ‘jonching (honorific,respect)’, ‘geukjonching(very exalted)’, etc. and the appropriate selected pronoun has to be used. This point seems to be a big difference with the modern Mongolian. Because modern Mongolian, except for the second-person ‘та’, which represents the meaning of the honorific of pronouns, has not this like definite distinction. Modern Mongolian and Korean pronouns seem to have relatively many differences than similarities in the morphological and meaning field. Depending on surrounding environment, the front and the rear context or flow of conversation, specific pronouns in modern Mongolian can be used like Korean pronouns that each one has a varied meanings of ‘haching’, ‘pyeongching’, ‘jonching’, ‘geukjonching’, etc. Therefore, its meaning should be correctly grasped within the context of the sentence or flow of conversation to select the appropriate corresponding form of the related language.

현대몽골어의 접두어접속사/문장연결접속사/와 한국어의 접속사 대조 연구

김기성 한국몽골학회 2014 몽골학 Vol.0 No.37

This study aims to summarize shape, composition, meaning, and function of some prefixes copulative conjunctions(proword-conjunctions) /sentence copulative conjunctions/ (өгүүлбэрүүдийг зэрэгцүүлэн холбох үгс) in modern Mongolian language and make a contrastive analysis of them with Korean conjunctions based on some frequently used prefixes copulative conjunctions(proword-conjunctions)/sentence copulative conjunctions/ (‘Мөн түүнчлэн’, ‘Түүнээс гадна’, ‘Түүгээр ч барахгүй/Тэр ч байтугай/’, ‘Тэгээд’, ‘Тэгэхлээр’, ‘Тэгвэл’, ‘Тэгэхэд’, vТийм учраас’, ‘Хэдий тийм боловч’, ‘Яагаад гэвэл’). This study also looks at the similarities and differences by making a contrastive analysis and presents the right way to use conjunctions that appear important to learners of both languages in discourses or contexts and the base line data for this. Modern Mongolian prefixes copulative conjunctions (proword-conjunctions)/ sentence copulative conjunctions/ belong to Korean ‘sentence connecting adverb’, ‘conjunctive’, ‘conjunctive adverb’, and ‘conjunction’. Furthermore, both languages are similar in that there exist many conjunctions using some pronouns(그, 저, 이, .../тэр, энэ, түүн, үүн, ...) or verbs(그러하다, 그리하다, 이러하다, 이리하다, .../тийм болох, тэгэх, ингэх, гэх, ...) among conjunctions from both languages and that these conjunctions are largely used in the front area of rear sentences to connect front sentence and rear sentence. On the other hand, both languages are different in that Mongolian language acknowledges the category of independent part of speech called as conjunction and that Korean language deals with sentence connecting adverb, conjunctive, conjunctive adverb, and conjunction within the sub category of adverb rather than within the independent category. In addition, these conjunctions are largely used to connect short sentences in Korean language, whereas such conjunctions are used to connect more than two clauses within one sentence(compound sentence) in Mongolian language. At this time, the predicate of verb in the antecedent clause takes a limited connective suffix and uses comma(,) at the end. In Korean language, connective endings are largely responsible for such a role. In both languages, particular conjunctions are not used as having one meaning or function, but rather can be used in various meanings depending on the context. Thus, it seems to be necessary to identify the meanings within sentence or context and select appropriate conjunctions and corresponding forms. Recently, the exchange between Korea and Mongol is expanding rapidly in various fields and accordingly the number of learners who desire to acquire both languages is increasing rapidly. In this situation, what we need to pay attention to is above all expression of opinions, in other words, communication. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to take a continuous interest in conjunctions from both languages (Korean and Mongolian) which play an important role in improving appropriate expression of opinions, in other words, communication and conduct a steady research.