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플로베르 소설 속의 도시들 : 루앙 , 파리 , 카르타고 Rouen , Paris , Carthage
김계선 한국불어불문학회 2001 佛語佛文學硏究 Vol.45 No.-
L'espace romanesque chez Flaubert se re´ve`le petit et e´troit; le personnage s'y sent e´touffe´. Pourtant la ville flaubertienne est ambivalente: elle est certes ferme´e, mais aussi ouverte: elle est tanto^t hostile au personnage, tanto^t accueillante. Quand il s'agit de la re´alite´, la ville telle que Rouen n'est pas d'espace ouvert ou` une a^me est dans un e´tat d'exaltation, mais comme un abi^me ou` Emma s'enlise enfin. Et la ville telle que Paris ou Carthage apparai^t comme un labyrinthe ou` Fre´de´ric et Ma^tho s'e´garent sans cesse pour en arriver au coeur et ne trouvent pas leur direction a` prendre. Mais il y a le moment ou` le personnage projette un sentiment fort sur l'espace qui l'entoure, quand celui-ci s'harmonise heureusement avec celui-la` et tout d'un coup, la ville re´elle se tronsforme en ville re^ve´e. Alors, l'espace s'ouvre inde´finiment devant le personnage qui se perd dans les moments d'extases affectives. Le passage de la ville re´elle a` la ville re^ve´e se fait par l'illusion. Elle fait disparai^tre a` un moment donne´ l'espace re´el et nai^tre l'espace ide´al, c'est-a`-dire un espace plein d'espoir et d'amour. La ville re^ve´e n'offre pas seulement l'occasion de faire une escapade romantique, loin des pesanteurs de la vie, mais elle e´voque une autre re´alite´, profonde, qui pourrait e^tre vraie. L'illusion se rapporte donc a` l'essentiel de la litte´rature qui recherche la ve´rite´ des choses et du monde. Selon Flaubert, la premie`re qualite´ de l'art est l'illusion. Pour "faire re^ver", il ne suffit pas de repre´senter le re´el tel qu'il est, mais il faut donner le sentiment de l'infini. L'ambivalence de la ville flaubertienne vise a` donner a` la re´alite´ une dimension de plus ou a` embrasser le tout a` travers l'illusion. Elle semble e^tre lie´e a` l'ide´e que le fini ne comprend jamais l'infini.
김계선,정현주 전남대학교 치과대학 1991 전남치대논문집 Vol.3 No.1
The study was undertaken to examine the changes in the gingival crevicular temperature after scaling and root planing in patients with gingivitis. Ten systemically healthy subjects ranging in age from 24 to 26 years were selected and all subjects exhibited gingval inflammation and gingival crevices of less than 3mm in depth. For each subject, the sublingual temperature was measured to compensate for subject-to-subject variations in body core temperature, and the sulcus bleeding index and the gingival crevicular temperature was recorded at the mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual and distolingual sites of 274 teeth. After 2 weeks following thorough scaling and root planing, all measurements were repeated. The temperature differences relative to each subject's sublingual temperatures were analyzed using paired t-test. The results were as follows : 1. After scaling and root planing, the sulcus bleeding index decreased significantly(P<0.005). 2. After treatment, the gingival crevicular temperature decreased totally by 1.73℃ (P<0.001). There was a tendency to a pronounced decrease of the crevicular temperature in the maxillary teeth than in the mandibular teeth. 3. After treatment, the gingival crevicular temperature decreased by 1.83℃ (P<0.01) at the buccal sites and by 1.63℃ (P<0.001) at the lingual sites. There was a tendency toa pronounced decrease of the crevicular temperature in the buccal sites than in the lingual sites. 4. After treatment, the gingival crevicular temperature decreased by 1.34℃ (P<0.001) at the posterior teeth and by 2.25℃ (P<0.001) at the anterior teeth. There was a tendency to a pronounced decrease of the crevicular temperature in the anterior teeth than in the posterior teeth. 5. After treatment, the gingival crevicular temperature decreased by 1.46℃ (P<0.001) at the posterior-buccal sites, by 1.21℃ (P<0.001) at the posterior-lingual sites, by 2.23℃ (P<0.001) at the anterior-labial sites and by 2.18℃ (P<0.01) at the anterior-lingual sites. In conclusion, the gingival crevicular temperature decreased due to the reduction of the gingival inflammation after scaling and root planing in patients with gingivitis and this suggests that the crevicular temperature measurement may be a useful means for diagnosis of gingivitis and determination of healing processes.
김계선,오선민,최승현,최종현,배지은,김희윤,예상진,백무열 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.10
Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FDs) ofdifferent molecular weights were infused into corn, waxyrice, tapioca, and potato starches under atmospheric andhigh hydrostatic pressures (HHP). FD4, FD10, FD20, andFD40 (Mw 4000, 10,000, 20,000, and 40,000, respectively)were used as infusion materials. Confocal laser scanningmicroscopy confirmed that all FDs except FD40 infusedinto corn, waxy rice, and tapioca starches. However, noFDs infused into potato starch. Corn starch had the highestamounts of infused FDs. As molar mass increased, theamount of infused FD decreased in all starches. Theinfused amounts of FDs in corn starch were similar at200–300 MPa and atmospheric pressure. Infusion of FDs at400 MPa was reduced due to partial gelatinization. Theseresults confirm that infusion efficiency is inversely proportionalto the molecular weight of the infused materialand large materials (Mw[40,000) cannot be infused intostarch granules under atmospheric pressure or HHP.