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김강일,이상학,배찬일,배성혜 대한슬관절학회 2017 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.29 No.1
purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the geometry and position of the femoral tunnel between the anteromedial portal (AMP) and outside-in (OI) techniques after anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 82 patients undergoing single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring autografts using either the AMP (n=40) or OI (n=42) technique. The locations of the tunnel apertures were assessed by postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging. The femoral graft bending angle, femoral tunnel aperture shape, femoral tunnel length, and posterior wall breakage were also measured. results: The mean femoral tunnel position parallel to the Blumensaat line was more caudally positioned in the AMP group than in the OI group (p=0.025) The mean femoral graft angle in the OI group (99.6°±7.1°) was significantly more acute than that of the AMP group (108.9°±10.2°, p<0.001). The mean height/width ratio of the AMP group (1.21±0.20) was significantly more ellipsoidal than that of the OI group (1.07±0.09, p<0.001). conclusions: The mean femoral tunnel position was significantly shallower in the AMP technique than in the OI technique. The OI technique might be more disadvantageous than the AMP technique in terms of the more acute bending angle.
왜관과 범죄 - 접촉과 상호 인식의 차이에서 발생하는 범죄를 중심으로 -
김강일 전북사학회 2012 전북사학 Vol.0 No.41
Japan House was the community residence of Japanese in Choryang, Busan. Traders and merchants from Tsushima for various purposes stayed for a long period in Chorayng Japan House for trade and diplomatic missions. While these Japanese residents daily contacted Chosun officials and merchants, a variety of incidents occurred in Japan House. For instance, burglary, robbery, assault, smuggling and Japanese trespassing prevailed while prostitution of Chosun women in the Japan House premises and circulation of unlawful funds for smuggling were also major part of trouble. One of the main causes of crime lay in the difference in the perception of trading goods. The Tsushima officials recognized rice as the payment for trading whereas Chosun perceived it as a royal gift of which the grant could be delayed or exempted altogether. The different perception caused trespassing and assault of Tsushima people residing in Japan House. In addition, the structural problem in the lack of rice and firewood due to the excessive imposition of labor service of Dongrae-bu resulted in the various violations in Japan House. In general, an amicable relationship was sustained after Kiyu Treaty until the occupation of Japan house. However, this amicable relationship was in reality based on the immense sacrifice of Dongrae-bu residents and the expense for 250 years of peace was also imposed on them. If a confliction occurred in resolving the incident, Chosun often ceased the distribution of necessity and closed the market to pressure Japan House. These were the easy solution to solve the problem and the biggest concern of Japan House. During the Edo period, Japan officially closed its door to trading, however, kept the four entrances open to interact with other countries. It actively accepted advanced European culture from the Netherlands through Nagasaki. The strength built through this exchange eventually led to the success of Meiji Reformation. Although Chosun also officially closed its door, Japan House could serve as a window to the outside world depending on the its diplomatic policy towards Japan. On the positive note, Japan House was the door through which goods were exported from Chosun and imported to the country at the same time. It was also the source where the information of Chosun and China was spilled and where that of Japan came through. Until it was forced to close by the Meiji government, Japan House was kept openfor the practical purpose of Chosun despite the considerable expense for its maintenance. Chosun government held both positive and negative attitudes towards Japan House, however the dominant opinion viewed it as a subject to isolate and control. The historical records of Chosun rarely show positive description of Japan House residents. The consistent control and confinement over Japan House in the end resulted in such byproducts as trespassing, illegal trading, prostitution and assaults.
침입범죄 방지를 위한 타겟하드닝 CPTED에 관한 준실험설계 연구: 안산시 주민 설문조사를 중심으로
김강일,조준택,박현호 한국셉테드학회 2019 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.10 No.1
Invasion crimes are serious crimes that violate the core elements of safety and serenity in residential spaces, which are one of the basic elements of people's lives, through means of breaking into houses and other structures. In relation to this, the first prevention and performance certification facility was installed in the target Hardening CPTED project in Ansan, in order to combat invasions. As a result, a semi-experiment design (Quasi-After design) was established to verify the effect of actual crime reduction and reduction of crime fear among residents by installing the prevention performance certification facility. Among the quasi-experimental designs, a single group pre-post measurement was utilized to test variable by comparing a dependent variable to a particular measurement after policy intervention in a group. The findings showed that in the pre-post survey of the experimental area, the actual crime reduction and the fear of incursion by residents were reduced, and the differences between buffer and control areas were identified. In addition, if we look at the differences in perception before and after the targeted Hardening project policy implementation, the entire installation area has created a high overall score range, showing a slightly higher positive perception in the post-survey. Finally, local residents conducted a target hardening project The local police and neighbors were concerned about the reduction in the presence of the police, community ties, local disorder, and collective effectiveness.