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김강인,이보미,민택기,이정호,편복양,전유훈 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.2
Background: Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity that occurs frequently in older children with pollen sensitization. This study focused on the clinical characteristics of OAS in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and birch sensitization. Method: s: A total of 186 patients aged 2–18 years with AD and birch sensitization were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and March 2017. Their levels of serum total IgE and birch- and ragweed-specific IgE (sIgE) were measured using ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Information regarding causative foods and symptoms were obtained via interviews. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (group 1, 2–6 years; group 2, 7–12 years; and group 3, 13–18 years). Results: Eighty-one of the 186 (43.5%) children with AD who were sensitized to birch pollen were diagnosed as having OAS. The prevalence of OAS in group 1 (the children who had AD and birch sensitization aged 2–6 years) was 36.6%. A greater predominance of men was noted in the non-OAS group (77.1%) compared to the OAS group (60.5%). Apples were the most common causative food in group 2 and 3 while kiwis were the most common cause of OAS in group 1. There was a statistically significant correlation between birch-sIgE levels and the prevalence of OAS (P = 0.000). The cut-off value was 6.77 kUA/L with 55.6% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity (area under the curve 0.653). Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of OAS in children with AD and birch sensitization was 43.5%. Even in the preschool age group, the prevalence of OAS was considerable. Patients with high levels of birch-sIgE were more likely to have OAS. Clinicians should therefore be vigilant about OAS in patients with a high degree of sensitization to birch pollen and even young children if they have birch sensitization.
APPROXIMATING COMMON FIXED POINTS FOR TOTAL ASYMPTOTICALLY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS
김강은 한국전산응용수학회 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.1
In this paper, we ¯rst show the weak convergence of the modi-fied Ishikawa iteration process with errors of two total asymptotically non-expansive mappings, which generalizes the result due to Khan and Fukhar-ud-din [1]. Next, we show the strong convergence of the modi¯ed Ishikawa iteration process with errors of two total asymptotically nonexpansive map-pings satisfying Condition (A'), which generalizes the result due to Fukhar-ud-din and Khan [2].
김강일 전북사학회 2010 전북사학 Vol.0 No.36
Unpermitted leave(闌出) means that Japanese people in Japan House went outside Japan House without permission. When there were diplomatic or trading issues between Choseon and Japan, normal procedure was that an official interpreter of Japanese language(訓導ㆍ別差) dispatched by the Choseon Dynasty went into Japan House for negotiation. However, Japanese people often went out from Japan House violating the prohibition and went to Dongrae Office to use armed force to the governor of Dongrae if their demands were not accepted. They attempted armed provocations as a method to pressure the Choseon Dynasty controlling entrance and exit of Japanese people living in Japan House. The Choseon Dynasty called it ‘Nanchul(unpermitted leave, 闌出)’ regarding as an unlawful behavior. Reasons for the unpermitted leaves were complaints about strict control by the Choseon Dynasty or irresponsible attitudes of Japanese people living in Japan House. In the long run, those cases became chances to reinforce the prohibitory decree by becoming diplomatic issues. To the Choseon Dynasty, Japan House was a control zone and Japanese people living in Japan House were considered foreigners who were temporarily staying with benefits from the Choseon Dynasty. However, to Japanese people, Japan House was an overseas Japanese settlement, so they tried to accomplish their purposes by any means including tenacious persuading or armed force if they had something to negotiate with the Choseon Dynasty. The difference of recognition between Japan and the Choseon Dynasty caused unpermitted leaves.