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고령자의 노후소득보장제도 수급상태와 노동 간의 관계에 관한 연구
권혁창(Kwon, Hyeok Chang) 한국노인복지학회 2018 한국노인복지학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.11
본 연구는 한국 65세 이상 75세 미만 초기고령자의 노동과 노후소득보장 수급상태의 관계를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국의 노인들은 연금수급 연령이 지나고도 오랫동안 노동에 종사하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 고령자 노동에 대한 선행연구는 고령자의 노후소득보장 수급상태에 주목하지 않았고, 특히 고령자 노동에 영향을 줄 수 있는 공적연금을 특수직역연금과 국민연금으로 세분화해서 살펴보지 않았다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 65세 이상 노인층을 노후소득보장제도 수급상태에 따라 국민연금 수급자, 특수연금 수급자, 국민기초생활보장제도 수급자, 비수급자등 4개 집단으로 나누어 분석한다. 본 연구는 2012년(7차)부터 2017년(12차) 한국복지패널자료를 활용하여 패널자료분석방법을 통해 분석한다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노후소득보장제도의 수급상태별 고령자 노동을 비교해본 결과, 기초수급군의 고용율이 가장 낮았으며 그 다음으로 특수직역 수급군, 비수급군, 국민연금 수급군 순으로 높았다. 둘째, 고령자의 노동에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적(성별, 연령, 지역, 교육수준), 경제(가구균등화소득, 자산), 신체건강(주관적 건강상태, 장애유무), 심리건강(우울) 변인을 통제하더라도 노후소득보장제도의 수급상태는 고령자 노동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노후소득보장제도의 수급상태별로 네 개 집단을 분류하여 분석한 결과, 고령자 노동과 관련된 변인의 일부 차이를 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the status of income maintenance system and work among the elderly. This study utilizes the Korea Welfare Panel data (7 wave~12 wave). The results of the analyses are as follows. First, the employment rates are differentiated by the status of income maintenance system. Second, after controlling for the individual characteristics, the panel data analysis shows that the status of income maintenance system is associated with work of the elderly. Third, there are differences in the factors, which are associated with work, among the four groups of income maintenance status. This study has a policy implication that the status of public income maintenance system should be considered as an important factor in designing various work programs for the Korean elderly.
권혁창(Kwon, Hyeok Chang),정창률(Jung, Chang Lyul),염동문(Yeum, Dong Moon) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2018 社會科學硏究 Vol.34 No.2
본 연구는 OECD 국가들의 연금개혁이 1990년~2010년 사이의 GDP 대비 공적연금지출에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 국가의 경제수준을 중심으로 검토한다. 본 연구는 국가의 경제사회적 상황에 따라 연금개혁효과가 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 점을 확인하기 위해 패널 자료를 이용하여 잠재 프로파일 분석과 패널자료 분석방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 잠재 프로파일 분석 결과, OECD 국가들은 1인당 GDP 변수를 기준으로 저소득국가군(14개국)’과 ‘고소득국가군(19개국)’의 두 가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 패널 자료 분석에 따르면 1990년~2010년 기간 동안 저소득국가군과 고소득국가군별로 연금개혁변수들과 GDP 대비 공적 연금지출의 관계가 상이하게 나타났다. 저소득국가군에서는 수급조건 조정, 물가연계강화, 급여하향의 경우가 통계적으로 유의미하게 GDP 대비 공적 연금지출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 고소득국군에서는 연금개혁변수들이 통계적으로 유의미하게 GDP 대비 공적 연금 지출과 연관되지 않았다. 셋째, 저소득국가군과 고소득국가군에서 모두 노인인구비율이 GDP 대비 공적연금지출 비중과 통계적으로 유의미하게 연관되어 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 국가의 경제력 수준에 따라서 공적연금 지출에 영향을 미치는 연금개혁의 효과가 상이함을 보여준다. The purpose of this study is to examine whether pension reform policies are associated with the public pension expenditure according to the economic levels of OECD countries. This study utilizes the latent profile analysis and panel data analyses. The results are as follows. First, the latent profile analysis shows that OECD countries are divided into two categories based on the economic levels: relatively low income countries (14 countries) and relatively high income countries (19 countries). Second, panel data analyses show that benefit adjustment are significantly associated with public pension expenditures among relatively low income countries, while pension reform is not associated with public pension expenditures among relatively high income countries. Third, the ratio of elderly is significantly associated with public pension expenditures both in relatively low and high income OECD countries. This study shows that the effects of pension reform policies on the public pension expenditure are different according to the economic levels of OECD countries.
권혁창(Kwon, Hyeok Chang),이윤진(Lee,Yoon Jin) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 社會科學硏究 Vol.28 No.3
본 연구는 미국 위스콘신 주 복지개혁을 포함한 근로연계복지정책의 효과가 지역노동시장에 따라 달라지는가를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 사회복지정책연구들에서 간과해온 “지역노동시장” 이라는 공간적 차원을 고려하여 근로연계복지정책이라는 정책의 효과성을 검토하였다. 영국 New Deal 정책에 대한 문헌고찰을 이론적 근거로 하여 미국 위스콘신 주의 복지개혁의 효과, 즉 1998년 TANF를 떠난 탈수급자들(n=3,405)의 평균근로소득과 고용률이 지역노동시장에 따라 달라지는지를 시계열 횡단면 회귀분석 (Time-Series Cross-SectionalRegressions)의 방법을 통해 분석한다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일방 고정효과모형 (one-way fixed-effects model)의 분석결과, 탈수급자들의 고용률과 평균근로소득은 지역노동시장에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보인다. 둘째, 미국 위스콘신 TANF탈수급자들의 고용률과 평균근로소득은 지역노동시장의 상황을 나타내는 지표인 실업률과 통계적으로 유의미하게 연관되어 있다. 본 연구는 근로연계복지정책의 효과를 증진시키기 위해서는 지역노동시장에 대한 고려가 필수적임을 보여준다. This study aims to examine whether the effects of workfare policies including welfare reform in the State of Wisconsin are associated with regional labor markets. Also, this study examines whether the regional labor market conditions are associated with the effects of workfare policies. Based on the findings on the New Deal policy in the UK, this study analyzes the effects of welfare reform in the State of Wisconsin in the U.S. The results of Time-Series Cross-Sectional regression are as follows. First, the average earnings and employment rate of TANF leavers(n=3,405) are associated with the fixed effects of regional labor markets. Second, the average employment rates and earnings of TANF leavers are associated with regional labor market conditions. The policy implication of this study is that we need to consider regional labor markets in order to improve the effectiveness of workfare policies.
국민연금 수급이 고령자의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
권혁창 ( Hyeok Chang Kwon ),이은영 ( Eun Young Lee ) 한국사회복지연구회 2012 사회복지연구 Vol.43 No.2
The purpose of this study is to examine whether the national pension affects the life satisfaction of old age, using the first and third-wave data from the Korean Retirement and Income Study. The study analyzes the relationship between the national pension and life satisfaction, using several operational definitions of these two variables. This study utilizes the Difference-in-Difference (2D) models and panel data analysis. The main results are: First, the result of simple 2D shows that there is not significantly difference between the pensioner and that of non-pensioner. Second, the result of 2D regression also shows that pension is not significantly associated with life satisfaction of the old age. Lastly, the result of fixed-effect model confirms that the national pension does not have a statistically meaningful effect on the life satisfaction, controling for the unobserved characteristics of the old age. This study also conducts sensitivity analysis and discusses policy implications.
중 · 고령자들의 노인장기요양보험에 대한 인지여부와 노후준비간의 관계에 대한 연구
권혁창 ( Kwon Hyeok Chang ),신혜리 ( Shin Hye Ri ),김진수 ( Kim Jin Soo ) 한국보건사회연구원 2012 保健社會硏究 Vol.32 No.4
This study examines whether the awareness of middle-aged Koreans under 65 about Long-term Care Insurance. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to charting the direction for developing Long-term Care Insurance. Using the data from the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), this study utilizes logistic regression and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, education, economic activity, and income are positively associated with awareness about Long-term Care Insurance. Second, awareness about Long-term Care Insurance is associated with physical preparation for people under 65. This study has an important policy implication on information equality. Although policy knowledge is associated with physical preparedness for old-age, the primary beneficiaries for social welfare who are economically inactive with a lower education and lower income, are less likely to know the existence of Long-term Care Insurance. Thus, this study suggests the importance of education on policy knowledge for policy target population.
사학연금 재해보상제도 개선에 관한 연구: 공무원 재해보상제도 및 산재보험제도와의 비교를 중심으로
권혁창 ( Kwon Hyeok Chang ),김진수 ( Kim Jinsoo ),정인영 ( Jung Inyoung ) 한국사회보장학회 2021 사회보장연구 Vol.37 No.2
This study investigates the problems and the improvements of Teachers’ Pension Accident Compensation Scheme by comparing the provisions of Government Employees Accident Compensation Scheme and Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance. The directions of improvement and development are divided into short-term and long-term perspectives. First, it is pointed out that as short-term improvement measures, it is necessary to resolve inequality among positions of members (regular and irregular members), and to consider the client-centered benefit system by improving the survivors benefits. Second, as long-term improvements, it is necessary to consider pensioning disability benefits and the improvement of the pre-payment and post-settlement system in health care benefits. Moreover, it is needed to prepare institutional devices to monitor excessive or false care when nursing institutions provide medical services. In addition, it is necessary to expand the benefit level and target of nursing benefits to or above the level provided by long-term care insurance, and to consider introducing temporary incapacity benefits and sickness benefits to enhance equity among private teachers, workers and public officials.
권혁창(Kwon, Hyeok Chang),박주완(Park, Joo Wan) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2017 社會科學硏究 Vol.33 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 공적연금 수급의 사각지대가 존재하는 한국적 상황에서 국민연금 수급이 고령층의 근로와 통계적으로 유의미하게 연관되어 있는가를 규명해보는 것이다. 본 연구는 국민연금 수급의 노동공급효과를 분석하기 위해서 한국의 60∼69세 고령층을 대상으로 국민연금연구원의 국민노후보후보장 패널조사 자료를 이용하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술적 분석 결과 국민연금 수급자 중 근로자 비중이 비수급자 중 근로자 비중에 비해 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 횡단면 로지스틱분석에서는 국민연금 수급과 근로여부 간의 관계가 통계적으로 유의미하게 드러났고, 그 효과가 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 개인의 눈에 보이지 않는 속성을 통제한 패널자료 확률모형 분석 결과, 국민연금 수급과 근로여부 간의 관계가 긍정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 분석 결과는 수급의 사각지대가 존재하는 한국의 경우 국민연금 비수급층은 국민연금 수급과 더불어 근로여부에서도 수급층에 비해 열등한 위치에 놓여 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the receipt of National Pension benefit and work for the elderly in Korea. Using KRIS panel data, this study utilizes descriptive analyses, cross-sectional logistic regression, and the panel random-effect model. First, the descriptive analyses show that the portion of workers among National Pension recipients is higher than those among non recipients. Second, the cross-sectional logistic analyses reveal that the relationship between the receipt of National Pension benefits and work are statistically significant and positive. Third, panel data analysis also shows that the receipt of National Pension benefits is positively associated with work among the elderly, controlling for unobserved individual characteristics. These results imply that non-recipients of the National Pension among the elderly should be an important policy target population to alleviate the severe elderly poverty in Korea.
권혁창 ( Kwon Hyeok Chang ),정인영 ( Jung Inyoung ) 한국사회보장학회 2024 사회보장연구 Vol.40 No.2
This study analyzed the benefit equity of public pension by comparing the benefit formulas of National Pension (NP), Government Employees Pension (GEP), Teachers’ Pension (TP) and Military Pension (MP). The results of the study are as follows: First, in the case of special occupational pension schemes, benefit adequacy is rarely an issue, but in the case of NP, controversy over adequacy continues. Second, as a result of an analysis of the benefit equity of public pension considering Basic Pension and the income redistribution application ratio of GEP and TP, it was found that recipients of the GEP and TP receive at least 1.32 times and up to 2.64 times more pension than NP recipients who receive Basic Pension. Based on these results, the following implications were suggested. It is necessary to improve the benefit adequacy and equity of NP, expand the contribution period, improve the real replacement rate, and review the adjustment of the upper limit of the standard monthly income. In addition, there is a need to consider ways to promote benefit fairness between the NP and Special Occupational Pension and to resolve unfairness between public pension schemes.
근로연계복지정책의 효과와 시간 : 미국 복지개혁의 고용효과는 지속되는가?
권혁창 ( Kwon Hyeok Chang ) 한국보건사회연구원 2010 保健社會硏究 Vol.30 No.2
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the effects of welfare reform and time, using the administrative data from Wisconsin. Welfare reform in the US has been known as a success in terms of caseload reduction and relatively high short-term employment rates of TANF leavers. However, these short-term success may be due to the strong economy in the late 1990s. Thus, the “pure” effects can be examined by separating the welfare reform and the strong economy. This study examines the long-term employment rates of TANF leavers, controlling for local labor market conditions and compares the employment outcomes before exiting welfare with those after exit. The results show that the relationship between time after exit and the employment status of TANF leaver is negative and statistically significant. In addition, compared to pre-exit employment rates, the positive employment effects of welfare reform have been sustained only for three years after exit.
정창률 ( Chang Lyul Jung ),권혁창 ( Hyeok Chang Kwon ),남재욱 ( Jae Wook Nahm ) 한국사회보장학회 2014 사회보장연구 Vol.30 No.2
This study aims to examine the equity of current contribution system of Korea`s National Health Insurance(NHI) between the workplace-insured(WI) and the regionally-insured(RI). So, it compared members` incomes and properties in various equal-contribution sections. The analysis was carried out twice, firstly with contribution sections based on only insurants` contributions (5 sections) and secondly with contribution sections based on total contributions including employers` contributions (4 sections). The results are as follows: In the first analysis, the WI have higher incomes than the RI in all 5 sections and the gaps were closer in the higher contribution sections proportionally. The WI also have more properties in 4 sections except the highest one, and the gaps are closer in higher contribution sections, too. In the second analysis, the WI have more incomes in all 4 sections, whereas they own more properties only in two lower contribution sections. However, most of the RI belong to those lower sections, thus it can be still said that the RI has less properties than the WI. Accordingly, the current contribution system between the WI and RI is unfair, so it is necessary to improve it. However, considering the variations of gaps in different contribution levels, the focus should be the lower contribution insured, first.