Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - IV. 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素) 활성(活性)

국용인,구자옥,Kuk, Y.I.,Guh, J.O. 한국잡초학회 1996 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.16 No.3

Oxyfluorfen에 내성(耐性) 벼 3품종(品種)과 감수성(感受性) 벼 4품종(品種) 및 피를 공시하여 $10^{-6}M$ 농도로 처리하여 24시간 암배양(暗培養)하고 광(光)에 0, 2, 4, 6시간 노출 후에 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 활성 차이와 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 isozyme 변화를 조사하였다. 1 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種) 자체의 APOX, CAL, POX, NR, GR, MDAR 및 SOD의 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素) 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 다른 벼품종(品種)들보다 활성(活性)이 아주 낮았다. 그리고 lipoxygenase는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 활성(活性)이 다소 높은 경향이었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)인 MDAR, POX, GR 및 SOD는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피보다 활성(活性)이 높았다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 POX 동위효소(同位酵素)변화는 처리농도가 증가할수록 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들에서 C band 활성(活性)이 증가하였으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 활성(活性)증가가 없었다. 감수성(感受性) 피에서는 B band가 $10^{-4}M$ 처리에서 활성(活性)이 다소 감소하였다. 4. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 GR, SOD 및 AO 동위효소(同位酵素)는 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들간에 각 band 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, GR 동위효소(同位酵素)는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 감수성(感受性)인 피에서 C band가 소실되었다. 5. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 esterase 동위효소(同位酵素)의 변화는 B, C 및 D band에서 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 활성(活性)감소가 컸으며, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 A band가 소실되었다. Ten-day-old seedlings of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed were soaked in oxyfluorfen at $10^{-6}M$ for 2 hrs kept for 24 hrs in the dark, and exposed to light for 0, 2, 4, or 6 hrs to investigate changes in the activity and isozyme of antioxidative enzymes. The activities of antioxidative enzymes of APOX, CAL, POX, NR, GR, MDAR and SOD in the tolerant and susceptible rice cultivate themselves didn't show any difference but the activity in the susceptible barnyardgrass was very low in comparison with rice cultivars. The activity of lipoxygenase tended to be some slightly higher in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. The activities of MDAR, POX, GR and SOD, antioxidative enzymes, were higher in the tolerant rice cultivars than in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass after the treatment of oxyfluorfen. After the treatment of oxyfluorfen, in the change of POX isozyme, the activity of C band in the tolerant rice cultivars increased with increased concentration but it didn't in the susceptible rice cultivar. The activity of B band decreased slightly at $10^{-4}M$ in the susceptible barnyardgrass. Isozyme of GR, SOD and AO by the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the activity of each band between the tolerant and susceptible rice cultivars showed no difference but GR isozyme C band was disappeared in the susceptible barnyardgrass at $10^{-4}M$. In the change of esterase isozyme resulting from the treatment of oxyfluorfen, the activities of B, C and D bands decreased more in the susceptible rice cultivars than in tolerant rice cultivars, and A band was disappeared in the susceptible barnyardgrass at $10^{-4}M$.

제2부 제초제 및 잡초방제 분야 : Oxyfluorfen 에 내성 및 감수성 벼품종의 잎표면 , 해부 및 미세구조반응

국용인,구자옥,한성욱,권오도 ( Y . I . Kuk,J . O . Guh,S . U . Han,O . D . Kwon ) 한국잡초학회 1995 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.15 No.2

Oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)의 생리활성(生理活性) 기구(機構) - II. 잎 표면(表面), 해부(解剖) 및 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應)

국용인,구자옥,변종영,Kuk, Y.I.,Guh, J.O.,Pyon, J.Y. 한국잡초학회 1996 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.16 No.1

Oxyfluorfen 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 감수성(感受性)인 피에 대하여 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 표면구조(表面構造) 및 해부(解剖) 특성(特性)과 미세구조(微細構造) 반응(反應)을 관찰하였으며, 유이제초제(類似除草劑)에 대한 해부학적(解剖學的) 변화를 비교 관찰하였다. 1. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 잎 면적(表面)의 구조적(構造的)인 피해를 볼 수 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)은 납질(蠟質)의 손상이 크고, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 조직이 불규칙하게 붕괴되는 현상까지도 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소도 컸다. 2. 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들은 oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 해부학적(解剖學的)인 변화가 적었으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피에서는 표피세포(表皮細包), 엽육세포(葉肉細包) 및 유관속초세포의 파괴가 컸으며 특히, 처리 후 24시간의 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 조직이 완전히 붕괴되었다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 의해 chloroplast 모양의 불규칙성과 chloroplast envelope의 distortion이 전반적으로 관찰되었고, 전분(澱粉)도 감소되는 경향이었으며 이와 같은 구조적(構造的) 손상은 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다는 감수성(感受性)인 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 더 심했다. 4. Oxyfluorfen과 유사한 제초제(除草劑) 처리에 의하여서도 엽신(葉身)의 두께 감소는 oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon 순으로 크게 나타났으며, 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 더 커지는 경향이었다. 특히 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)은 oxyfluorfen과 bifenox 처리 후 24시간에 이미 표피세포(表皮細包) 및 유관속초세포 손실 등으로 조직이 상하게 붕괴되는 현상을 보였다. This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of $10^{-5}M$ oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.

Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality in Transgenic Rice Overexpressing 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase

국용인 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.3

Effective Herbicides for Control of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Monochoria vaginalis in Paddy Field

국용인,권오도 한국작물학회 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.4

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most troublesome resistant weeds in Korean rice culture. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the response of M. vaginalis resistant to sulfonylurea(SU) herbicides and to determine alternative herbicides for the control of resistant M. vaginalis in direct seeded and transplanted rice culture in Korea. In greenhouse studies, the resistant biotype was 31-, 38-, 3172-, and 7-fold more resistant to ben-sulfuron-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, respectively, than the susceptible biotype, indicating cross-resistance to the SU herbicides used in this study. Non-SU herbicides, butachlor, carfentrazone-ethyl, mefenacet, pretilachlor, pyrazolate, and thiobencarb, several SU herbicide-based mixtures, ethoxysulfuron plus fentrazamide, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl plus pyrazolate plus simetryn, and non-SU herbicide-based mixtures, pyrazolate plus butachlor, pyrazolate plus pretilachlor, simetryn plus molinate, carfentrazone-ethyl plus butachlor, and carfentrazone-ethyl plus thiobencarb can be used to control both the resistant and susceptible biotypes of M. vaginalis when applied before the second leaf stage. In the field experiment, the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis that survived from the paddy fields treated with a SU herbicide-based mixture could effectively be controlled by using mixtures of bentazone plus MCPA, bentazone plus mecoprop-P, and bentazone plus 2,4-D when applied at 2 or 4 main leaves. Our results suggest that the SU-resistant M. vaginalis had not developed multiple resistances to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, bentazone plus MCPA and bentazone plus mecoprop-P were effective control measures after failure to control resistant M. vaginalis in Korean rice culture.

Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Growth and Inhibition of Various Plant Species

국용인,GyeongSeobLim,SangUkChon,TayEakKwang,JaKckGuh 한국작물학회 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.2

식물추출물에 대한 점박이응애와 포식성 천적 칠레이리응애의 감수성

국용인,현규환,김상수 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The susceptibility of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis to extracts of Melia azedarach, Piper nigrum, Syringa velutina and their mixtures was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Treatments of mixture 1 and 2 were effective against adult females of T. urticae and yielded 73.3 and 70.7% adulticidal activity at 7 days after treatment, respectively. Treatment of mixture 3 revealed 62.7% adulticidal activity. However, M. azedarach, P. nigrum and S. velutina had lower adulticidal activity than the other treatments. Adult females of T. urticae treated with mixture 1 and 2 produced only 11.1-16.7% as many eggs as control females did. All the plant extracts tested were ineffective to against the eggs of T. urticae. Plant extracts tested had little effect on the survival of P. persimilis adult females. Moreover, reproduction of P. persimilis adult females and eclosion of eggs deposited by treated predators were not seriously affected. Treatment of plant extracts tested showed no toxic effect on P. persimilis eggs and produced 100% hatchability. These results suggest that mixture 1 and 2 might be used for the control of T. urticae, and expected to be promising candidates for use in integrated mite management program with P. persimilis.

어린苗 栽培適用을 위한 光活性除草濟 OXADIAZON의 栽培環境 變動要因 硏究 및 使用法 開發

鞠龍仁,具滋玉,千相旭,朴泳淇 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1994 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.29 No.-

광활성 제초제 oxadiazon의 적용성 확대를 위한 일련의 시험들이 어린모 기계이앙답에서 이용성 확대를 위한 혼용가능성과 이앙전 처리에 의한 일발처리제와의 체계처리 가능성을 탐색하고 온실과 포장에서 이루어졌다. 이들 일련의 시험을 통하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 재배요인 변동에 따른 Oxadiazon의 약해는 약량이 기존 기계이앙답에서 추전량인 480g ai/ha를 초과하지 않고 처리시기는 아앙후보다는 이앙전에서, 수심은 3 cm이하의 조건과 토양은 일일수심이 2 cm정도된 산성토가 아닌 점질토 내지 점질양토가, 다수계보단 일본계 품조에서, 뿌리노출이 적을수록 회피할 수 있었다. Oxadiazon과의 혼용가능성은 약해가 인정되는 diflufenican 이나 bifenox보단 비교적 안전한 pendimethalin에서 높았다. diflufenican+pendimethalin 혼합조합은 oxdiazon 단제보다 약해가 더 컸고 잡초방제효과도 낮았다. 또한 oxdiazon 전처리 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+butachlor로 체계처리한 결과 대조약제인 bensulfuron+mefenacet 와 비등한 정도의 제초효과를 보였으며 oxdiazon을 이앙전 2일에 전처리한 후 이앙후 20일에 여러 일발처리제를 표준량 및 표준량 2/3량을 체계처리한 결과 유의적인 약해는 인정되지 않았으나 피와 너도방동사니는 완전방제가 이루어졌고 전처리 없는 일발처리제로만 완전방제는 기대할 수 없었으며 약량감소에 따른 제초효과의 감소는 인정되었다. Developmint trials in green houses and fields for the use of light dependant herbicide "Oxadiazon" were carried out to check phytotoxicity & efficacy of the product and sequential application of oxadiazon followed by one-shot herbicide on mechanical transplanted rice of infant seedling with various trial conditions of cultivation. The summary of the results are as follows: Study of phytotoxicity & efficacy as application before transplanting of fice and sequential application on mechanical transplanted rice of milky seedling with various trial condition of cultivation. Optimum dose rate was less than 480g ai/ha, optimum application time was better after transplanting than any other timing, water depth was less than 3 cm, drainage of water in soil was 2 cm/day, soil type was clay and clay loam, in variety Japonica type shows less phytotoxicity than hybrid type, in case of root exposure, less exposure is safer than more exposure. And sequential application of oxadiazon followed by several one-shot herbicides shows similar efficacy to a single treatment of one-shot herbicides and, specially better efficacy against Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus serotinus.

BENSULFURON-METHYL에 대한 耐性選擇 水稻品種의 AMINO酸 造成變化

鞠龍仁,具滋玉 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1992 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.27 No.-

Bensulfuron-methyl에 耐性 및 感受性으로 選拔되었던 두 水稻品種, Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ(T) 와 IR 1846-281-1-1(S)을 供試하여, 藥處理에 따른 amino 酸 含量과 valine, isoleucine 및 leucine의 含量變動差異를 確認할 目的으로 amino酸 分析試驗을 遽行하였다. 藥處理를 對比한 bensulfuron-methy1 ?~?M 處理에 대한 두 品種의 反應 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. -18種 amino酸 總量은 地上部가 地下部의 2培 程度 높았으나 藥處理反應(總量減少)에는 IR 1846이 낮은 濃度부터 민감하게 減少하는 傾向이었다. -藥處理는 含量에 有意的 變動을 한 amino酸으로는 proline을 위시한 여러 種類를 確認할 수 있었다. -耐性보다 感受性品種에서 valine, isoleucine, leucine의 3種 amino酸 減少가 컸으며, isoleucine보다는 valine과 leucine에서 보다 有意的인 減少傾向을 認定할 수 있었다. By use of selected two rice cultivars, Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ as the tolerant and IR 1846-281-1-1 as the susceptible ciltivar to bensulfuron-methyl, the total contents of 18 amino acids, and seperate rate of valine, isoleucine and leucine in shoot and root portion as affected by bensulfuron-methyl treatments in various concentrations were analysed. As the results, the total content of 18 amino acids in shoot portion was 2 times higher as root portion, but no differential tendency in decreasing of contents. Susceptible cv. IR 1846 showed much more sensitive decrease in the contents than tolerant cv. Chinsurah Boro Ⅱ. Many kinds of amino acids including pro line were significantly affected in contents by bensulfuron-methyl treatments. Among specific amino acids, valine and leucine contents were rather significantly decreased by bensulfuron-methyl than isoleucine.

다양한 환경조건에서 5-Aminolevulinic Acid(ALA)의 작물의 생장 촉진과 포장조건에서 제초 활성

국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.3