Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (Protox) 유전자 과다발현 제초제 저항성 형질전환 벼의 생육저해 기작

국용인(Yong In Kuk),신지산(Ji San Shin),윤영범(Young Beom Yun),권오도(Oh-Do Kwon) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 생물종의 Protox 유전자 과다발현 제초제 저항성 형질전환 벼의 저항성 수준과 생육저해 원인이 생육시기별 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 축적과 대사 경로 물질, 활성산소 발생, 지질과산화 작용 및 항산화 효소 능력과 관련성이 있는지를 조사하는데 있다. Myxococcus xanthus(MX, MX1, PX), Arabidopsis thaliana(AP31, AP36, AP37) 및 인간(H45, H48, H49) Protox 과다발현 형질전환벼는 비형질전환벼에 비해 oxyfluorfen에 각각 43~65, 41~72 및 17~70배 저항성을 보였다. 다양한 생물종의 Protox 유전자 과다발현 제초제 저항성 형질전환 벼 중에 일부 라인은 다른 광조건하에서 정상적인 생육을 보인 반면에 일부 라인은 초장 및 생체중 감소가 야기되었다. 그러나 일관성 있게 파종 후 7일과 14일에 초장의 감소가 야기 되었던 형질전환 라인은 AP37뿐이었다. 또한 이들 형질전환 벼 라인들은 저광 및 암조건보다 고광조건하에서 초장 및 생체중 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 파종 후 7일째 Proto IX 축적은 AP31, AP37 및 H48에서 비형질전환벼에 비해 유의적으로 많았고, 파종 후 14일째에는 PX, AP37 및 H48에서 유의적으로 많았다. 파종 후 7일째 Mg-Proto IX은 일부 라인(H41과 H48)을 제외하고 그리고 Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester는 MX, MX1, PX를 제외한 형질전환 라인 간에 차이가 없었다. 비록 terapyrrole 중간물질이 축적 되었더라도 이들 축적량은 Protox 과다발현 형질전환벼의 생육을 저해 하는데 충분하지 않았을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 활성산소종 (H₂O₂와 O₂+-), MDA, ALA 합성 및 엽록소 함량에서도 형질전환 라인간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않아 tetrapyrrole 축적량이 형질전환 벼의 생육저해에 충분하지 못했음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 일부 형질전환벼에서 초기 생육저해는 어떤 단일 요인에 기인되는 것보다 복합적인 요인에 의해 기인되는 것으로 생각된다. We investigated the levels of resistance and accumulation of terapyrroles, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative enzymes for reasons of growth reduction in herbicide-transgenic rice overexpressing Myxococcus xanthus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and human protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) genes. The transgenic rice overexpressing M. xanthus (MX, MX1, PX), A. thaliana (AP31, AP36, AP37), and human (H45, H48, H49) Protox genes showed 43~65, 41~72 and 17~70-fold more resistance to oxyfluorfen, respectively, than the wild type. Among transgenic rice lines overexpressing Protox genes, several lines showed normal growth compared with the wild type, but several lines showed in reduction of plant height and shoot fresh weight under different light conditions. However, reduction of plant height of AP37 was much higher than other lines for the experimental period. On the other hand, the reduction of plant height and shoot fresh weight in the transgenic rice was higher in high light condition than in low light condition. Enhanced levels of Proto IX were observed in transgenic lines AP31, AP37, and H48 at 7 days after seeding (DAS) and transgenic lines PX, AP37, and H48 at 14 DAS relative to wild type. There were no differences in Mg-Proto IX of transgenic lines except for H41 and H48 and Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester of transgenic lines except for MX, MX1, and PX. Although accumulation of tetrapyrrole intermediates was observed in transgenic lines, their tetrapyrrole accumulation levels were not enough to inhibit growth of transgenic rice. There were no differences in reactive oxygen species, MDA, ALA synthesizing capacity, and chlorophyll between transgenic lines and wild type indicating that accumulated tetrapyrrole intermediate were apparently not high enough to inhibit growth of transgenic rice. Therefore, the growth reduction in certain transgenic lines may not be caused by a single factor such as Proto IX, but by interaction of many other factors.

무경운 논에서 제초제 체계처리에 따른 잔존잡초와 벼의 수량

국용인(Yong In Kuk),권오도(Oh Do Kwon) 韓國雜草學會 2002 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.3

차응애에 대한 Emamectin Benzoate의 살응애 활성

국용인(Yong In Kuk),현규환(Kyu Hwan Hyun),김상수(Sang Soo Kim) 한국차학회 2016 한국차학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The acaricidal activity of emamectin benzoate against the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Treatment with emamectin benzoate at concentrations of 10.75-3.58 ppm was highly effective against the adult female of T. kanzawai and yielded 100% adulticidal activities at 1 day after treatment. The adult females exposed to emamectin benzoate at concentrations of 10.75-3.58 ppm produced 0-0.5% as many eggs as did the control females. Emamectin benzoate was ineffective against the eggs of T. kanzawai, however treatment at 10.75 and 5.38 ppm revealed 100 and 90% larvicidal activity within 24 h after hatching, respectively. Treatment with emamectin benzoate at 10.75-3.58 ppm was highly effective against the nymphs of T. kanzawai and exhibited 97.8-100% nymphicidal activities. Based on the results, emamectin benzoate could be used for the control of T. kanzawai and treatment at 5.38 ppm was recommended for further field tests.

유식물의 형태적 특성을 이용하여 개발한 유묘분류 컴퓨터 프로그램에 관한 효율성 평가

국용인(Yong In Kuk) 韓國雜草學會 2002 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.2

Growth Responses of Diclofop-Resistant and-Susceptible Italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum Lam.) Biotypes to Various Environmental Stresses

Yong In Kuk(국용인),Oh Do Kwon(권오도) 韓國雜草學會 2007 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.27 No.2

연구논문 : 자연과학 ; "신고" 배나무 개화기간 중 온풍기 가동과 미세살수가 냉해피해 방지에 미치는 영향

국용인 ( Yong In Kuk ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

This study was established to protect frost damage as affected by sprinkler or heating distance from ``Niitaka`` pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) trees during a flowering in Youngam in Jeollanamdo, Korea. The heating adjusting at 3 m above ground surface was installed at 5, 10, 25, and 40 m from the tree trunk. Heating began to activate at the temperature less than 3°yC for 12 h. Orchard temperature was the highest on sprinkler, followed by heating at distance of 5, 10, and 25 m from the tree trunk, and those treatment effect was similarly observed for the inflorescence and fruit set. As the heating was far from the tree trunk, the marketable fruit and distance between fruit on the branch were lower, and those values of heated trees at distance of 40 m from tree trunk were similar to control.

차응애의 포식성 천적 긴털이리응애에 대한 작물보호제의 영향

국용인(Yong In Kuk),현규환(Kyu Hwan Hyun),김상수(Sang Soo Kim) 한국차학회 2017 한국차학회지 Vol.23 No.1

차응애의 포식성 천적 긴털이리응애에 대하여 사용권장 농도에서 11종 작물보호제들의 영향을 평가하였다. 긴털이 리응애의 암컷성충은 chlorfuazron, novaluron, flonicamid, Bacillus thurinuringiensis subsp. aizawai, acetamiprid, spinosad와 thiamethoxam 등의 처리 168시간 후에 72-78% 의 개체들이 생존하였으며, 무처리 암컷성충에 비해 72.8-84.0%의 산란수를 보였다. 또한 이들 7종 작물보호제의 처리는 긴털이리응애 난의 부화와 부화 후 유충의 생존율에 큰 영향이 없었다. 그러나 fenitrothion, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin과 gamma-cyhalothrin 등의 처리는 다른 작물보호제들의 처리에서 보다 낮은 암컷성충 생존율과 산란수 및 난 부화율을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아, chlorfuazron, novaluron, flonicamid, B. thurinuringiensis subsp. aizawai, acetamiprid, spinosad와 thiamethoxam 등은 식식성응애류의 종합관리 체계에서 긴털이리응애와 함께 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The effect of the field rate of eleven plant protectors on Neoseiulus womersleyi, a predator of Tetranychus kanzawai, was evaluated. In the treatments with chlorfuazron, novaluron, lufenuron, flonicamid, Bacillus thurinuringiensis subsp. aizawai, acetamiprid, spinosad and thiamethoxam, 72-78% of the adult female predators survived after 168 h. The adult female predators treated with seven plant protectors produced 72.8-84.0% as many eggs as did the control females. Moreover, the hatch percentage of N. womersleyi eggs and survival of larvae were not seriously affected by exposure to these seven plant protectors. However, the treatments with fenitrothion, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and gamma-cyhalothrin resulted in lower survival rate and oviposition of the adult females and egg hatching of N. womersleyi than the other treatments. Based on the results, chlorfuazron, novaluron, lufenuron, flonicamid, B. thurinuringiensis subsp. aizawai, acetamiprid, spinosad and thiamethoxam are expected to be promising candidates for use in an integrated mite management program for N. womersleyi.

벼 담수직파재배에서 생육후기의 피(Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) 발생원인과 방제

국용인(Yong In Kuk),권오도(Oh Do Kwon) 韓國雜草學會 2002 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.3

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase 저해형 제초제 Oxyfluorfen에 대한 호박 엽령별 내성기작

국용인(Yong In Kuk),윤영범(Young Beom Yun) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.2

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase(Protox) 저해형 제초제인 oxyfluorfen에 대한 내성차이는 동일 개체내의 호박 엽령에서 관찰되었다. 엽위별 oxyfluorfen에 내성기작을 구명하기 위해 잎의 피해정도, 세포내 구성물질의 누출, 포르피린 생합성 경로의 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 축적량 및 항산화효소 활성을 포함한 생리적 반응을 조사하였다. 중앙애호박의 1, 2 및 3엽에 대한 oxyfluorfen에 내성은 4엽에 비해 각각 >10,000, 1,286 및 1.6배 높았고, 신토좌의 1, 2 및 3엽에 대한 oxyfluorfen에 내성은 4엽에 비해 각각 725, 366, >0.6배 높았다. 그러나 oxyfluorfen과 작용기작이 다른 paraquat 처리에서는 oxyfluorfen 처리의 결과와 다르게 두 품종 모두 상위엽인 4엽이 하위엽인 1, 2 및 3엽에 비해 훨씬 피해가 적었다. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 전해물질의 누출은 처리 후 광노출 기간이 경과할수록 상위엽(4엽)에서 하위엽(1, 2, 3엽) 보다 많았다. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 의한 tetrapyrrole 중간물질 protoporphyrin IX(Proto IX), Mg-Proto IX 및 Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester의 축적량은 감수성인 4엽이 내성인 1엽에 비해 많았다. 따라서 oxyfluorfen 처리에 대한 호박 엽령별 반응 차이는 tetrapyrrole 중간물질의 과다한 축적에 의해 기인되는 것으로 생각된다. Tetrapyrrole 중간 물질 축적량의 결과와 다르게 항산화효소 superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase 및 glutathione reductase 활성은 무처리 및 oxyfluorfen 처리 후 4엽이 1엽에 비해 높았다. 그러나 4엽에서 항산화효소 활성 유도는 Protox 저해제 oxyfluorfen의 독성효과를 극복하는데 충분하지 않아 결국 4엽은 고사하게 되는 것으로 생각된다. Differential tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox)-inhibiting herbicides, oxyfluorfen was observed between leaf ages in squash. Physiological responses to oxyfluorfen, including leaf injury, cellular leakage, accumulation of tetrapyrroles, and antioxidative enzymes activity, were investigated in leaf age classes of squash to identify mechanisms of oxyfluorfen tolerance. Leaf 1, 2, and 3 injuries for Joongangaehobak were >10,000, 1,286, and 1.6-fold higher than that of leaf 4, after treatment of oxyfluorfen. On the other hand, leaf 1, 2, and 3 injuries for Sintowjahobak were 725, 366, and >0.6-fold higher than that of leaf 4, after treatment of oxyfluorfen. However, in contrast to oxyfluorfen treatment results, leaf injury of squash leaf 4 treated with paraquat was much smaller than in leaves 1, 2 and 3. Electrolyte leakage from the tissues treated with oxyfluorfen was higher in the youngest leaf (Leaf 4) than in the older leaves 1, 2, and 3. Differential leaf response to oxyfluorfen of squash appears to be due in large part to differences in protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-Proto IX, and Mg-Proto IX monomethyl ester accumulation in treated leaves. In contrast, leaf 4 had higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase than leaf 1 after treatment with oxyfluorfen. However, the induction in antioxidant activity in leaf 4 was not enough to overcome the toxic effects of a Protox inhibitor, oxyfluorfen, so the leaf eventually died.

논 휴경 경과 년 수에 따른 잡초생태특성 변화

국용인(Yong In Kuk),박태동(Tae Dong Park),권오도(Oh Do Kwon) 韓國雜草學會 2002 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.22 No.2