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구창덕,이선정,이화용,박용우,이희수,김재수 한국버섯학회 2014 한국버섯학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Changes in physical and chemical properties of oak sawdust were investigated by depth and time for 46 days during the fermentation process of 33 tons of the sawdust for oak mushroom cultivation. The degrees of change in the properties of the sawdust differed depending on the depth and fermentation period. Most of the physical-chemical properties except temperature and pH gradually changed during the fermentation. The temperature change was highly sensitive to the environment at the surface sawdust to 20 cm depth, while it gradually increased to the maximum 58.9oC at 40~100 cm depths in 12 days and slowly to the maximum at 150 cm depth in 24 days. The moisture content of the sawdust decreased gradually from 31% to 26.5~28.0% in 24 days. Of the chemical properties during the fermentation, pH generally rose from 5.2 to 5.6, but it decreased to 4.4~4.7 at 150 cm depth in 16 days. While the carbon content of the sawdust was 68~70% without significant change, nitrogen content increased from 0.22% to 0.25% and thus C/N ratio gradually lowered from 320 to 280. P content in the sawdust gradually increased from 0.005% to 0.022% for 46 days. Osmotic concentration of the hot water extract of the sawdust varied 41.5~44.2 mmol/kg without significant change by the depth and time. The starch particles within initial ray parenchyma cells of sawdust decreased and fungal hyphae formed on the surface of the sawdust granules and within xylem vessel cells in 35 days. The effect of the sawdust fermentation on oak mushroom cultivation needs continued research.
1월과 10월 중 포고톱밥재배사의 온-습도 관리 : 사례연구
구창덕,김태현,김재수 한국버섯학회 2006 한국버섯학회지 Vol.4 No.2
버섯재배사에서 표고생산은 3월부터 11월에 이루어지며, 자연환경 조건의 변화를 이용하여 화고의 생산도 함께 추진하 였다. 5℃이하인 동절기에는 연료비에 대한 비용부담이 커서 이재배사는 버섯생산을 하지 않는 상황이었다. 그러나 상대 습도는 계속 75%를 유지하여 배지가 너무 건조하지 않도록 관리하였다. 보온과 난방으로 표고에 의한 소득을 올리는 재배 사관리가 고려될 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 1월은 버섯가격이 높으나 버섯생산이 적은 기간이다. 이것은 온도가 낮기 때문 이며, 톱밥재배사에서는 보온재와 햇볕을 이용하여 1월 중에는 -2℃~ 5℃로 유지하였다. 10월중에는 온도를 20도 이하 로 유지하였으며 상대습도를 60 ~85%로 유지하였다. 버섯품질은 상대습도에 크게 좌우되므로, 배지를 수직으로 180cm 에 이르는 7-8단으로 배열한 중국식 톱밥재배는 지면에서 높아질수록 수분관리가 불리할 수가 있다. 그러므로 수시로 재 배사의 통풍을 조절하여 상하 습도를 균질화시켰다. 이렇게 함으로써 육면체 배지의 모든 방향에서 표고를 발생시켰다. 노출된 배지로부터 수분관리 효과적으로 하기 위하여 온도를 조절하여 상대습도를 조절하고 있다. 이에 비하여 대만식 톱 밥재배에서는 25cm 높이에서 버섯이 발생하므로 이 위치에서 온도 습도를 집중 관리함으로써 고품질의 버섯생산을 추구 하고 있었다. 톱밥재배사에서 하루 중의 변화는 상당히 극심한 편이다. 1월 중에는 0~ 12℃까지 변하며, 이에 따라 상대습 도는 70%에서 거의 100%에 달하였다. 이 조건은 버섯생장은 느리지만 수분유지에는 좋은 조건으로 화고의 생산이 고려 된다. 10월 중에도 밤낮의 온도변화가 10~24℃로써 폭이 14℃나 되면서 상대습도는 60~100%를 유지하여 버섯생산이 매우 유리한 상황이다. 특히 이 기간에는 버섯가격이 낮으므로, 고품질의 표고생산이 매우 중요하다.
Infection behavior and distribution of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Pinus densiflora trees
구창덕,이화용,한주환,성주한,신준환 한국산림과학회 2013 Forest Science And Technology Vol.9 No.2
Pine wood nematodes (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, infect the pine host tree through maturation feeding wounds caused by Monochamus saltuarius (a long-horned beetle) and kill the host. This study investigated characteristics of the wound by M. saltuarius, infection behavior of PWN on the wound and distribution of PWN in stem tissues of 20-year-old Pinus densiflora that was artificially inoculated but not showing wilt symptoms. The vector beetle sucked resin and exposed cortical tissues, resin canals, phloem, cambium, ray parenchymatous cells and tracheids in xylem, while it fed on the bark of current shoots of pine tree. When PWN were inoculated on the fed shoot, they infected all of the exposed tissues. When placed on a cut current shoot disc with flowing resin profusely, PWN moved down the resin duct into the cortical layer gravitationally before the resin became sticky due to evaporation. In the artificially inoculated three-year-old stem of 20-year-old P. densiflora, PWN were distributed mostly in resin canals, some in cortical tissues and pith, but very rarely in tracheids. In conclusion, PWN can initially infect resin canals in cortical tissues of pine shoot after feeding by the long-horned beetle.
균근균의 (菌根菌) 인공접종에 의한 소나무류의 생장촉진
구창덕,이경준,임경빈 ( Chang Duck Koo,Kyung Joon Lee,Kyong Bin Yim ) 한국산림과학회 1982 한국산림과학회지 Vol.55 No.1
Two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris, were introduced form U.S.A. and inoculated to five pine species in Korea to evaluate the reported growth stimulation of host plants after inoculation. These fungi were grown as mycelial inoculum in large quantity and ioculated to the fumigated nursery soil just before seed sowing. At the end of the first growing season. Pisolithus stimulated the height growth of Pinus densiflora. P. thunbergii. P. rigida, and P. rigida x teada by55, 36, 69, and 37%, respectively, compared with control seedlings with no fumigation and no inoculation. When the growth stimulation was expressed with dry weight, Pisolithus increased dry weight of P. densiflora and P. rigida x taeda by 143% and 128%, respectively,over control seedling. Thelephora failed to stimulate growth of inoculated plants. Pinus koraiensis did not respond to the inoculation during the first growing season. It is concluded that artificial inoculation of nursery pine trees with selected mycorrhizal fungi should be seriously considered to improve the quality of planting stocks and to stimulate early plant growth. The potential for use of Pisolithus in reforestation on adverse sited is also discussed