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빈곤층의 사회경제적 특성과 빈곤 이행 : 경제위기 이후의 시기를 중심으로
구인회,Ku, In-Hoe 한국사회복지학회 2002 한국사회복지학 Vol.48 No.-
This study investigates the causes of poverty in Korea since the 1997 Economic Crisis by analyzing the composition and characteristics of the poor by the types of families. While the poor largely consisted of disadvantaged groups, such as the aged, the disabled, or the female-headed families before the Crisis, families headed by working-aged and non-disabled adults have represented a larger portion of the entire poor since the Crisis. The higher overall poverty rate in 1998 mainly resulted from the rapid increase in the number of the unemployed and the high poverty rate of their families. In 1999, the larger number of the unemployed poor exited from poverty by getting a job in the labor market, contributing to the reduction in the overall poverty rate. The significant number of families headed by working adults were poor in 1998, and the size of these working poor was not reduced in 1999. The poverty among this group has been caused by lowered wage rates and deteriorating job security. The findings from this study suggest that anti-poverty policies in Korea be improved to provide better income and employment assistance to the non-working poor and, more importantly, be extended to effectively reduce poverty among the working low-income families.
외국인 이주자의 사회통합 방안 탐색: 영주권자에 대한 사회복지제도 적용을 중심으로
구인회 ( Ku In-hoe ),손병돈 ( Shon Byong-don ),엄기욱 ( Um Ki-wook ),정재훈 ( Jung Jae-hoon ),이수연 ( Lee Soo-youn ) 한국보건사회연구원 2009 保健社會硏究 Vol.29 No.2
This study compares social welfare policies for foreign residents in Korea to their counterparts in the United States, Germany, and Japan. To contributory benefit programs like social insurance programs, all the residents in most advanced countries are eligible regardless of nationality. This is also true for most social insurance programs in Korea, but the exception is the National Pension which a principle of mutuality applies to. Considering that the National Pension aims to secure old-age income by contribution of participants during working periods, the eligibility needs to be expanded to all the foreign residents in Korea. For non-contributory benefits such as social services and public assistance benefits, permanent residents are treated basically in the same way as citizens are in advanced countries. Non-contributory benefits, currently restricted to citizens, need to be expanded to permanent residents in Korea. The expansion may function as incentives to permanent residency and contributes to integrating foreign residents to Korean society.
구인회 ( Ku¸ In-hoe ) 한국가톨릭철학회 2011 가톨릭철학 Vol.0 No.17
칸트는 행위의 도덕적 가치가 행동하는 사람의 의도에 달려 있으며, 행위는 의무에서 수행했을 때만 도덕적 가치를 갖는다고 생각했다. 이것은 행위가 의무와 일치해야만 할 뿐 아니라, 행위자의 의무를 완수하기 위해 행해졌어야만 함을 의미한다. 처벌받을 것이 두려워서 혹은 다른 어떤 사람에게 이로울 것이라는 기대 때문에 어떤 행위를 한 것이면, 그것은 의무에 일치할 수는 있으나 도덕적 가치는 없을 것이다. 이것은 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 것이며 많은 사람들이 이 정도까지는 칸트와 동의할 것이다. 칸트는 또한 의무에서 한 행위가 순수 선험적 도덕법을 충족시키기 위한 것 같은 의무에서 한 것이라고 믿는다. 그런데 이것은 이해하기 어려울 것이다. 칸트에 따르면, 하나의 법칙은 그 표현이 전혀 경험적 개념을 포함하지 않을 때 순수하다. 순수한 선험적 도덕 법칙은 그러한 특수한 도덕 원칙들보다 더 근본적이며 다음과 같은 보편법칙의 원리형식에서 표현됨에 틀림없다: 단지 네가 동시에 그것이 보편법칙이 되기를 바라는 준칙에 따라서 행동하라. 보편법칙의 원리는 각 개인의 행위들을 모든 사람들이 할 수 있고 하기 원하는 것으로 제한한다. 그러므로 준칙을 선택함에 있어 각각의 개인은 다른 모든 사람의 선택의 범위에 대해 고려해야 한다. 만일 행위의 옳음이 결과에 의존한다면, 도덕규칙을 따르는 것이 그릇된 일을 하는 것에로 이끌 수도 있다. 그러나 만일 칸트가 옳고, 결과들이 중요하지 않다면, 하고자 하는 의무의 수행은 결코 그릇된 것일 수 없다. Kant held that the moral value of an action depends upon the intention of the individual who performs it and that an act has moral value only if it is done from duty. This means that it must not merely accord with what duty requires, but must be done for the sake of fulfilling the agent’s duty. An act might accord with duty if done from fear of punishment or with a view to some other personal advantage, but it would not then have moral value. This is easy to understand, and many would agree with Kant thus far. Kant also believed, however, that an act done from duty is as such done for the sake of fulfilling the pure a priori moral law, and this is not easy to understand. According to Kant, a law is pure when the expression of it contains no empirical concepts. The pure a priori moral law must be more fundamental than such specific moral principles and be expressed in the form of the Principles of Universal Law: Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. The Principle of Universal Law limits the actions of each individual to those which all men could do or will. In choosing his maxims, therefore, each individual ought to have a concern for the scope of choice of everyone else. If the rightness of actions depended upon consequences, following the rules of morality might lead to the doing of what is wrong. But if Kant is right and consequences are irrelevant the willing performance of duty can never be wrong.
구인회(Ku In Hoe) 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2012 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.2 No.2
In this paper, I examined the Arguments of philosophers such as Plato, Kant, Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas to prove the immortality. Plato attempted in phaidon to prove the immortality of the soul. Everything occurs from the opposite. Life and death are opposites. Life turns into death, and death turns into life. Plato defined the death as the separation of soul and body. According to Kant' we need to exist beyond the natural life span to perfect our human morality. According to Aristotle, all beings are made from form and materials, in which reality and potentiality exist. Material is a pure possibility, that everything could be made. The form represents the power, which gives the reality to the material. The soul is the form of a life, and it means the totality. Thomas described death as the separation of body and soul. According to Thomas's opinion, the soul lives continuously after the separation of body and soul, but the body also must be resurrected, because it is incomplete without body. The final resurrection after the last Judgment means not only the resurrection of body, but also the eternal life.
구인회(Ku In-Hoe) 한국사회복지학회 2005 한국사회복지학 Vol.57 No.2
본 연구는 한국노동패널조사, 1998-2003 자료를 이용하여 빈곤지속기간과 이에 관련된 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 발견에 따르면 우리나라에서는 빈곤에 진입한 사람들의 4분의 3 정도가 2년 안에 빈곤을 탈피하는 정도로 매우 활발한 빈곤탈출양상이 나타난다. 그러나 한 시점에서의 빈곤층을 볼 경우에는 장기빈곤층이 무시할 수 없는 비중을 차지한다. 5년 이상의 장기 빈곤층이 전체 빈곤층의 50%를 차지하며 10년 이상의 최장기 빈곤층도 25%를 넘어선다. 반복빈곤을 분석에 포함하는 경우 장기빈곤층의 비중은 더욱 증가한다. 장기빈곤층의 대표적 집단은 노인가구이다. 장기빈곤의 경향이 강한 다음 집단은 비노인 여성가구주 가구이다. 90년대 후반 경제위기 이래로 근로빈곤층의 증가가 커다란 사회적 관심의 대상이 되었지만 이들의 주력을 차지하는 비노인 남성가구주 가구의 대다수는 일시적으로 빈곤을 경험하는 단기빈곤층인 것으로 보인다. This study examines dynamics of poverty in Korea, focusing on poverty duration and its determinants. Data come from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS), 1998-2003. KLIPS is a longitudinal survey of 5,000 families and their members which are representative of urban residents in Korea. Respondents of KLIPS annually report detailed information on their income, economic activities, and other socio-economic characteristics. This study use poverty exit probabilities to generate distributions of spell lengths, following Bane and Ellwood(1986)'s methodology. <br/> This study finds a high level of poverty exit rates in Korea. About three quarters of those beginning a poverty spell exit from poverty within two years. Only 14.3 percent of all the poverty spells consist of long spells which persists five years or more. Yet, a different picture emerges when spells of the poor persons at a given time are analysed. Persistent poor occupy a considerable share of all the poor. Almost 50 percent of those who would be in poverty at a given time are in the midst of poverty spells lasting five years or more. When repeat spells of poverty are also included in the analyses, the proportion of long-term poor increases further. 63 percent of persons poor at a given time are long-termers. <br/> The majority of long-term poor are members of families headed by the aged. They show both a low level of poverty exit rates and a high level of reentry rates, and thus are most likely to experience long-term poverty. In the first place, they occupy a substantial share of all the poor. The second who are likely to be poor longer is members of families headed by non-aged women. Researchers have recentlty paid much attention to the working poor who have increased since the economic crisis in 1997. Yet, it is very likely that families headed by non-aged male who largely consist of the working poor temporarily experience poverty. Findings for this study suggest that further studies and policy proposals addressing persistent poverty are necessary.