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베트남 노동시장의 개혁 : 과제와 방향 Issues and Prospects
구성열 한국동남아학회 2001 동남아시아연구 Vol.11 No.1
Vietnam has taken a market oriented economic reform(Doi Moi) since 1986. Change in labor market practices was inevitable regarding labor mobility, employment and wage. Labor law was enacted in 1995 to provide the legal infra structure concerning the labor market practises. In the process of transition to the market from the command economy, Vietnam has taken labor market policies to minimize unemployment in the following ways. First, the permission system regarding residential and occupational mobility was maintained until 1997. Although it was not fully effective, as evidenced by the heavy flows of illegal (not permitted) migrant workers in and around Hanoi and Hochiminh City area where the business had been most prosperous, the permission system was meant to contain a large portion of reserved army of unemployed and underemployed in agricultural sector. Second, restructuring of the state owned enterprises had been delayed, in part for the fear that it might worsen the unemployment problem and so the state sector remains as another major container of potential unemployment. Third, public works. labor intensive in nature, had been generated, through National Employment Fund on the one hand and with the help of foreign aid on the other, to absorb not only the new entrants in the labor market and the discharged workers from the state owned sectors but also the returnees from the overseas labor market and discharged soldiers. Fourth, private business sector, both domestic and foreign, however, has been the main provider of new jobs, which occurred mostly in service sector and labor intensive manufacturing sector. Wage policies in Vietnam, however, was not necessarily consistent with both containment and generation of jobs. Although no restriction had been imposed on domestic private sector, the wage of state sector was set to be used as the guideline for other domestic sectors. Minimum wage level, on the other hand, was set at the level equivalent to neighboring countries, which is too high to attract a massive inflow of foreign investment, that would be necessary if Vietnam is to resolve the unemployment issue in significant ways.