성범죄에 대한 비판적 검토

곽병선(Kwack, Byong­Sun) 한국피해자학회 2006 被害者學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

The nature of the sexual crime is the crime that a criminal violate the freedom of a personal sexual determination. The freedom to determinate a self-sexual action can not only be violated by the highest battery and assault but also the use of force and a superior position. So The rape and compulsory sexual conduct with great force is established in the criminal code. But a dissent adultery crime is not established. Because it is difficult to distinguish 「consent」 and 「dissent」. Also it is possibility contrary to the principle of nulla poena sine lege. To recognize the nature of the sexual crime, the objective of the rape need to extend from 「the woman」 to 「the men」. So by the same reason, simply a wife is also to be the objective of the rape, to considerate the relationship of husband and wife. The means of sanction is also provided the protection disposition beyond the penalty. The great reason a sexual crime to be a victim’s complaint is a victim’s honor and privacy. But it have to be protected by the criminal procedure of the state. Because a sexual crime is a victim’s complaint. Today in our society, more victims come into. so the victim’s complaint provision of the sexual crime is phased out.

아동학대 현상과 법적 고찰

곽병선(Kwack Byong-Sun) 한국법학회 2005 법학연구 Vol.20 No.-

The child abuse is a physical, emotional, sexual violence and abandonment, neglect which the protector do harm to the children health and welfare. In Korea, the law which punish the child abuse is The Child Welfare Law. This law rules four types in the children abuse. That is, ⅰ) physical abuse ⅱ) emotional abuse ⅲ) sexual abuse ⅳ) abandonment and neglect. This children abuse is punished respectively with imprisonment under 5 years or fine below fifteen million won. There are the National Center for the Prevention of Child Abuse(NCPCA) in the whole country. NCPCA has been investigated the case of children abuse from 2001 to 2004. As a result, 80% of the children abuser are their parents, 90% of victims are children under 12 years old, only 4.5% have been charged to the police. The under managements are adopted in order to treat case of children abuse effectively. First, the protection disposition besides the penal is ruled in The Children Welfare Law. Second, the staff of NCPCA and the criminal justice organizations have to construct an organic cooperation system.

아동학대의 형사정책적 대응

곽병선(Kwack Byong-Sun) 한국법학회 2008 법학연구 Vol.31 No.-

형법상 학대죄에 대한 특별구성요건으로서 아동복지법에 아동학대행위를 규정하고 있다. 아동복지법은 피학대아동에 대한 일정한 보호조치를 규정하고 있고, 학대행위자에 대하여 친권제한이나 징역이나 벌금과 같은 형사제재를 규정하고 있다. 아동학대를 예방하고 아동학대행위의 재범을 방지하기 위해서는 아동보호전문기관만의 노력으로 해결할 수 없다. 형사사법기관과 행정기관 그리고 관련 전문기관들의 유기적이고 통합적인 개입을 통해서만 예방과 재범방지가 가능하다. 아동학대행위자에 처우도 단순한 형벌만 가지고는 근원적인 성행의 교정이나 재범 방지가 어렵다. 학대행위자의 80%이상이 부모라는 점에서 처벌로 가정을 해체시키기 보다는 다양한 형태의 보호처분이 규정되어야 한다. 따라서 기존의 가폭법을 준용하는 방안보다는 가칭 ‘아동학대 방지 및 처벌에 관한 특별법’을 제정하고, 여기에 아동학대에 대한 형사절차의 특례와 보호절차 그리고 보호처분의 내용을 직접 규정하여야 한다. The child abuse is a physical, emotional, sexual violence and abandonment, neglect which the protector do harm to the children health and welfare. In Korea, the law which punish the child abuse is The Child Welfare Law. This law rules four types in the children abuse. That is, ⅰ) physical abuse ⅱ) emotional abuse ⅲ) sexual abuse ⅳ) abandonment and neglect. This children abuse is punished respectively with imprisonment under 5 years or fine below fifteen million won. There are the National Center for the Prevention of Child Abuse(NCPCA) in the whole country. NCPCA has been investigated the case of children abuse from 2001 to 2007. As a result of 2007, 81.7% of the children abuser are their parents, only 5.7% have been charged to the police. To prevent child abuse and a second offence, law machineries, administrative organs and related agencies have to interfere an organics systematically, the treatment of child abuse owing to only the penalty can't prevent a second offence, in order to these purpose, it is made a new special law, The Special Law of Child Abuse Prevention and Punishment. In this law, have to be regulated a various protection disposal and a special criminal procedure.

청소년(靑少年)의 성보호(性保護)에 관한 법률(法律)의 문제점(問題點)과 개선방안(改善方案)

곽병선 ( Byong Sun Kwack ),윤상민 ( Sang Min Youn ) 한국지역발전학회 2002 지역발전연구 Vol.2 No.1

형사소송의 주체와 배심제도

곽병선 ( Byong Sun Kwack ) 한국비교형사법학회 2004 비교형사법연구 Vol.6 No.1

비교법 : 미국의 공판 전 석방제도

곽병선 ( Kwack Byong Sun ) 한국비교형사법학회 2003 비교형사법연구 Vol.5 No.1

There are many pre-trial procedures in U.S.A. these include arraignments, grand jury investigation, bail, plea-bargaining negotiation. Many important decisions about what happens to a defendant are made prior to trial. Hearings, such as before the grand jury and the preliminary hearing, are held to determine if probable caus exists to charge the accused with a crime. If so, the defendant is arraigned, enters a plea, is informed of his or her constitutional rights, particularly the right to the assistance of counsel, and is considered for pretrial diversion. Bail is a key of pre-trial release systems. The use of money bail and other alternatives, such as release on recognizance, allows most defendants to be free pending their trial. Bail provisions are beginning to be toughened, resulting in the preventive detention of people awaiting trial. preventive detention has been implemented because many believe that significant numbers of criminals violate their bail. the Bail Reform Acts of 1984, mandated that no defendants shall be kept in pretrial detention simply because they cannot afford money bail, established the presumption for ROR(Release on recognizance) in all cases in which a person is bailable, and fromalized restrictive preventive detention provisions. Todays, criminal defendants released without bail and those who commit crimes awaiting trial fuel the constant debate over pretrial release versus community protection.

미국의 소년심판절차에 있어서 변호사의 역할

곽병선(Kwack Byong-Sun) 한국형사법학회 2007 형사법연구 Vol.19 No.3

  American public defenders execute the following role each juvenile justice procedure. In the arrest and detention, the public defender have to inform clients of their rights, to execute a requirement for client"s benefits.<BR>  In pretrial proceedings, the defender examines criminal facts of the juvenile, receive the discovery from the prosecutor, applies petitions.<BR>  In transfer hearing, he suggests the probabilities of the juvenile improvement.<BR>  In plea bargaining, he get through importance and significance of plea bargaining to the clients.<BR>  The disposition is an important point that distinguish an adult criminal system and a juvenile justice system. The juvenile court have a vast range discretionary powers to decide dispositions. The defender have to do best to be decided a proper disposition to improve the juvenile.<BR>  There are two problems in the defendant activities of american juvenile justice system. First, the public defender, the assigned counsel, The contract attorney come to a crisis to reason an insufficient money, high separation rate, low morality and social status, fee, etc. Second, the public defender accepts many cases, and they can"t examine their case. They examine roughly the case.<BR>  Who come under an attorney in the juvenile criminal procedure is an assistant in the juvenile protection procedure. this paper is to examine the defender roles of American juvenile justice system. In our country, there is the public defender system in the juvenile criminal procedure, But ther is not the public assistant in the juvenile protection procedure. Our Juvenile protection procedure have to introduce the public assistant. When we induce it, the public defender system in America will make an offer many information.

개정 행형법상 수형자의 외부교통권 - 시민적 및 정치적 권리에 관한 국제규약의 관점에서 -

곽병선(Byong Sun Kwack) 한국형사정책학회 2000 형사정책 Vol.12 No.2

N/A

사회내처우로서 전자감시에 의한 보호관찰 도입방안

곽병선 ( Byong Sun Kwack ) 한국형사정책학회 2001 형사정책 Vol.13 No.2

There has been the electronic monitoring system since 1964, when Ralp Schwizgabel of Harvard University experimented with linking offenders with a central monitoring station. Electronically monitored offenders wear devices around their ankles, wrists, or necks that send signals back to a control office. It can be used with offenders at a variety of points in the criminal justice system. This system is a new form of the probation and parole which monitors a position of offenders through an electronic equipment. The system can be used with two forms. At first, in the probation by electronic monitoring, the probationers can not go outside during a limited period from sunset to sunrise. The second, in the parole by electronic monitoring the parolees can be detained at their houses during a residual penalty period. To introduce this system to our country, it must be premised to reach social agreement, apply the presentence investigation report to the adult criminal, and amend the related acts. The electronic monitoring system should not be a means to strengthen a probation and parole but alternate a short imprisonment.

사이버명예훼손에 관한 규제상의 문제점 및 대응방안

곽병선(Kwack Byong-Sun) 한국법학회 2006 법학연구 Vol.23 No.-

사이버공간은 서로 연결된 네트워크를 통해 확보된 추상적인 공간으로서 개방성, 쌍방향성, 익명성, 온라인서비스제공자 존재라는 특성을 지닌다. 이러한 특성은 사이버명예훼손규제에 있어 새로운 패러다임을 요구한다. 따라서 명예훼손을 규제하는데 있어서는 표현의 자유와의 충돌문제, 매체특성론적 접근의 필요성, 온라인서비스제공자의 법적책임 등이 규제상의 문제점으로 거론될 수 있다. 사이버명예훼손에 관한 규제에 있어 기존의 법률을 보완하여 규제하자는 견해도 있으나, 사이버 범죄가 날로 증가되고 있는 현실을 감안할 때 사이버범죄를 총괄적으로 규율하는 특별법을 제정하여 그 안에서 사이버명예훼손을 다루는 것이 바람직하다. 특히 표현의 자유와의 조화문제 및 온라인서비스제공자의 책임 문제를 심도 있게 고려하여 규율할 필요가 있다. 또한 사이버명예훼손에 관한 법률 해석에 있어서도 미국의 '현실적 악의의 원칙'(Actual Malice Doctrine)을 사이버명예훼손에 적용하여 사이버공간의 특수성을 고려한 법률해석을 요한다. 사이버명예훼손에 관한 근본적인 대체방안은 인터넷 교육의 강화에 있다고 할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 범국민차원에서 클린넷(Clean net)운동을 전개하고, 학교교육과정에서도 인터넷 윤리교육을 강화할 필요가 있다. Cyber space is an abstract space obtained through a network connected with one another and it has characters of which are openness, two-way character, anonymity and on-line server. These require a new paradigm on the restriction of cyber libel. Thus, the conflict against the freedom of expression, the necessity of characteristic approach on media and legal responsibility of on-line server in restricting libel could be mentioned as a problem. There is an opinion to restrict it by supplementing current law on restriction of cyber libel, but handling the cyber libel by establishing a special law that regulates cyber crimes in the block would be appropriate when the current reality of increasing cyber crime is considered. Especially, it needs to regulate the concerns in the in depth consideration of freedom of expression, matters of harmony and the responsibility of on-line server. Also, in the matter of legal translation of cyber libel, a legal translation that the specialty of cyber space is considered by applying American Actual Malice Doctrine for cyber libel is required, I can say that the fundamental measure to cope with cyber libel is reinforcing the internet education, In association with this, development of Clean Net Movement at the level of whole nation and reinforcement of internet ethics education in the course of school education are required.