햄 및 소시지류에서의 Clostridium perfringens에 대한 정량적 미생물 위해평가

고은경,문진산,위성환,박경진,Ko, Eun-Kyung,Moon, Jin-San,Wee, Sung-Hwan,Bahk, Gyung-Jin 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.1

This study was conducted for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of Clostridium perfringens with consumption on ham and sausage products in Korea, according to Codex guidelines. Frame-work model as product-retail-consumption pathway composed with initial contamination level, the time and temperature in distributions, and consumption data sets for ham and sausage products and also used the published predictive growth and dose-response models for Cl. perfringens. The simulation model and formulas with Microsoft@ Excel spreadsheet program using these data sets was developed and simulated with @RISK. The probability of foodborne disease by Cl. perfringens with consumption of the ham and sausage products per person per day was estimated as $3.97{\times}10^{-11}{\pm}1.80{\times}10^{-9}$. There were also noted that limitations in this study and suggestion for development of QMRA in the future in Korea. 본 연구는 햄 및 소시지류에서의 Clostridium perfringens에 대한 정량적 미생물 위해평가(Quantitative microbial risk assessment; QMRA)를 국제기준(Codex)의 원칙과 지침에 따라 수행하였으며, 오염수준에 대한 직접적인 분석결과와 현재의 국내 유통환경, 관련제품의 특성, 섭취량 및 소비행태 등을 반영한 노출평가용 "product-retail-consumption pathway" frame-work 모델을 구성하였고, 이를 바탕으로 엑셀(Excel)기반 노출평가용 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발하여 제시하였다. 개발된 모델을 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 @RISK를 활용하여 위해(risk) 수준을 산출하였으며, 그 결과 국내에서 1일 1인이 햄 및 소시지류의 섭취를 통한 Cl. perfringens에 의한 식중독발생 확률은 평균적으로 $3.97{\times}10^{-11}{\pm}1.80{\times}10^{-9}$으로 추정하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 수행한 QMRA결과를 바탕으로 현재수준에서의 한계점과 미래에 더욱 발전된 국내 QMRA 연구 및 활용을 위한 제언을 추가하였다

서울지역 식육판매점의 우육에 대한 미생물학적 오염도 평가

고은경,허은정,김영조,박현정,위성환,문진산,Ko, Eun-Kyung,Heo, Eun Jeong,Kim, Young Jo,Park, Hyun Jung,Wi, Seong-Hwan,Moon, Jin San 한국축산식품학회 2013 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.33 No.3

본 연구에서는 식육 유통의 최종 단계인 식육판매점 중, 일반정육점, 백화점 내의 정육점, 그리고 대형할인점에서 판매되는 쇠고기에 대한 미생물학적 오염도를 조사하였다. 업소별 일반세균수를 비교해 보면 정육점은 평균 $4.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, 백화점은 $3.9{\times}10^5$ CFU/g, 대형할인점 $1.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/g로 나타났으며, 대장균수는 정육점 $6.4{\times}10$ CFU/g, 백화점 7.6 CFU/g, 대형할인점 $2.0{\times}10$ CFU/g 수준이었다. 식중독균 중 Salmonella spp.는 모든 업소에서 검출되지 않았지만 S. aureus는 총 3건 (6.25%)으로, 정육점, 백화점, 대형마트에서 각각 1건씩 검출되었으며, L. monocytogenes는 백화점에서만 총 4건(8.3%)이 검출되었다. 이들 시료의 미생물 오염수준은 모두 100 CFU/g 이하로 조사되었다. 식육에서 분리된 S. aureus의 enterotoxin type은 sea, seh, sei, sep형으로 나타났다. L. monocytogenes가 검출된 4개의 시료에서 9주가 분리되었으며, 이들 균주의 혈청형은 모두 1/2c로 조사되었으며, 2개 업소에서 분리된 3주와 5주에 대한 균주간 유전학적 상동성은 57.8-98.1%와 68.1-98.1%로 각각 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과, 식육판매점에서 유통되는 쇠고기에서 일반세균수 및 대장균수가 기준치인 $1{\times}10^7$ CFU/g 및 $1{\times}10^3$ CFU/g 이하로 검출됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나, 식육에서 문제시되는 식중독 세균인 S. aureus 및 L. monocytogenes가 일부 식육판매점에서 검출된 바, 이와 같은 병원성 미생물의 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 칼과 도마 등의 이차오염 방지를 위한 작업환경 및 시설에 대한 세부적인 HACCP 관리기준 마련과 더불어 미생물에 대한 정기적인 검사가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was performed to evaluate the microbiological contamination level of raw beef from retail markets in Seoul, Korea. The sampling and laboratory test were performed according to the procedure of "Standard for processing and ingredients specification of livestock product" and "Korean food code". Enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected using VIDAS$^{(R)}$ and PCR-based methods. Listeria monocytogenes serotyping and genotyping were carried out using Listeria antisera and L. monocytogenes Fingerprinting kit, respectively. A total of 48 samples were collected from 16 retail markets (butcher's shop: 5, department store: 6, supermarket: 5) in 2011. The level of total bacteria counts in the butcher's shop, department store and supermarket were $4.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, $3.9{\times}10^5$ CFU/g and $1.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/g, respectively. The concentrations of Escherichia coli of these three retail markets were $6.4{\times}10$ CFU/g, 7.6 CFU/g and $2.0{\times}10$ CFU/g, respectively. Salmonella species was not detected on all samples. However, S. aureus was isolated in the 3 samples (6.25%) from each type of three retail markets. L. monocytogenes was isolated in the 4 samples (8.3%) from department stores. The level of contamination of these foodborne bacteria was less than 100 CFU/g. The enterotoxin-encoding genes of S. aureus isolates were sea, seh, sei and sep gene. The gene similarity of L. monocytogenes isolated from two retail markets by Rep-PCR showed 57.8-98.1% and 68.1-98.1%, respectively. These results suggest that the HACCP guideline for environmental control in slaughterhouse and retail markets should be provided to prevent cross contamination and manage foodborne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

인터넷 쇼핑몰 이용자의 가상점포 평가기준에 따른 관계몰입이 미래행동의도에 미치는 영향

고은경 ( Eun Kyung Ko ),이선재 ( Sun Jae Lee ) 대한가정학회 2005 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.43 No.11

15세기 관영수공업의 변동과 私匠

高恩慶(Ko Eun-Kyung) 역사교육연구회 2020 역사교육 Vol.153 No.-

This paper examines the state-led handicraft industry(官營手工業) in the fifteenth century Joseon dynasty and a definition of the private artisans(私匠). Joseon dynasty had governmental artisans(官匠) and mobilized them for various projects to build the basis of the state. These artisans worked in shifts, and were able to sell their crafts for profits in a private market when they were off. In accordance with socioeconomic changes of the era, they started to focus more on activities for their own profits and some of them even broke away from the state-led system to become a private artisan. In previous studies, the private artisans were regarded as independent artisans who emerged after the sixteenth century, but the term encompasses “all artisans who took part in the private sector” which may include “governmental artisans who participated in commercial activities in the fifteenth century”. While the state changed its procuration method by purchasing some products from the chartered-markets(市廛), core products such as weapons were remained to be produced within the state-led system. Such changes were a part of the process of the ongoing development of the private barter economy despite the centralized economic policy(集權的 經濟政策); It represents the state’s initiative to reflect the reality of evolving private market activities by both governmental and private artisans.

헤어SUKI 대체의학 기법에 의한 탈모관리에 대한 고찰

고은경(Eun kyung Ko),홍성균(Seong gyun Hong) 대체의학회 2013 대체의학회논문지 Vol.2 No.3

This study is purpose to know the ways using the techniques among those Motor Hair SUKI and Sensory Hair SUK. The Hair SUKI Alternative Medicine Technique has solve the various problem of hair that is using the natural therapy for the symptom as hair loss, growth, alopecia areata, urtication of scalp and it is raising new paradime techniques for the scalp problems. This study progressed for establishment due to systemical academic in the future. and introduce the technique such as reduce or prevent hair loss and accleration of hair, reform the alopecia by Hair SUKI. It was known about 10million people of the hair loss population in korea, I wish to reduce the pain with various kinds of stress and causing from the busy and industrial livig structure. It is important meaning to ready the new paradime techniques of hair management that is absolutely different technique till the most scalp management and hair loss management or growth management, as a result to partial study for the Motor SUKIU reflex region and Sensory SUKI reflex region. In the future, like this new alternative therapy cpontinue to develop and research for many people with pain causing hair loss and unknown who has psychological, physical pain. and if that is useful for improve and reduce the pain of hair loss people, I wish make the opportunity of development and focusing and widely to make the more systemical Hair SUKI Theoary. Andmore I will expect the development for the business and great global culture industry and wellbeing cultural industry and healthy & medical fields not only Hair SUKI from started korea or developing alternative techniques go spread out to the world various kind of korean traditional culture with togther.

카메라 간 협동적 상황인지를 위한 P2P 기반의 멀티스레드 소켓 통신 기법

김유림(Yu-rim Kim),고은경(Eun-Kyung Ko),양수미(Soo-Mi Yang) 한국정보기술학회 2014 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2014 No.5

협동적 스마트 카메라 영상기반 상황인지 처리를 위하여 스마트 카메라 간에 상황 데이터를 저장 및 전달한다. 특정 이벤트에 대해 카메라가 측정한 값인 PTZ(Pan Tilt Zoom) 값을 다른 상황 데이터와 함께 RDB(Relational Data Base)에 저장한다. RDB를 온톨로지 RDF(Resource Description Framework) 파일로 변환해 그 결과를 상황인지 추론에 이용한다 스마트 카메라 간 연동은 ONVIF(Open Network Video Interface Forum)[1] 표준을 따르며 지능형 관제시스템을 이룬다 사회 안전망 네트워크를 구성하기 위한 광범위 스마트 카메라간 연동은 P2P(Peer to Peer) 네트워크 기반의 멀티스레드 소켓 통신 기법을 사용하며 구현을 통해 효율적 원거리 통신이 가능함을 보인다. For cooperative smart camera context awareness processing, each camera stores and exchange context data. For a specific event, PTZ value with other context data is stored RDB. RDB is transformed to ontology RDF file and is used for context reasoning. Interoperability between smart cameras conforms to ONVIF and constitutes intelligent surveillance system. Wide area surveillance system for social security make use of multi-thread socket communication based on P2P network. We show its efficiency through implementation.

히야신스의 인편 기내배양에서 구근의 저온처리와 당의 농도가 자구 재생 및 생장에 미치는 효과

양순자(Soon Ja Yang),고은경(Eun Kyung Ko),서진경(Jin Kyong Seo),이경순(Kyeoung Soon Lee),정용모(Yong Mo Chung),남재성(Jaesung Nam),이영병(Young Byung Yi) 한국원예학회 2001 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2001 No.5

히야신스(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)의 인편 기내배양에서 자구재 생시 단백질과 전분함량변화 및 조직학적 관찰

양순자(Soon Ja Yang),고은경(Eun Kyung Ko),서진경(Jin Kyong Seo),이경순(Kyeoung Soon Lee),정용모(Yong Mo Chung),남재성(Jaesung Nam),이영병(Young Byung Yi) 한국원예학회 2001 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2001 No.5

실시간 영상 기반의 지능형 보안 관제 시스템을 위한 안전한 카메라 네트워크 시스템

양수미(Soo-mi Yang),고은경(Eun-kyung Ko) 한국통신학회 2015 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.40 No.6

도재용착용 Ni-Cr 합금의 열처리에 따른 전단결합강도에 관한 연구

이정환(Jung-Hwan Lee),고은경(Eun-Kyung Ko),주규지(Kyu-Ji Joo) 대한치과재료학회 2010 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate fine structure of ceramics fused by heat treatment to metallic oxide surfaces Verabond V (beryllium-infused Ni-Cr alloy) and Verabond 2V (niobium-infused Ni-Cr alloy), and to observe the change between metallic oxide with opaque layer, and to measure the shear bond strength between the ceramic and metallic oxide, and to compare and analyze the results. Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The observation of surface morphology of the oxide films of the specimens by SEM showed that Verabond V alloy observed a needle like structure and Verabond 2V observed a coarsening with an increasing degassing hold time. 2. Verabond V alloy showed gradually decreasing Ni and Cr ratios from metal surface between metallic oxide and opaque layer, whilst Verabond 2V alloy showed a gradually decreasing Ni ratio from the metal surface, but the Cr ratio increased remarkably from oxide layer. 3. Verabond V group, containing Be, showed a higher bond strength than the Verabond 2V group which contained Nb. 4. The shear bond strength measured highest to V5, 2V5 groups with 10 minutes hold time under air, and measured lowest from V1, 2V1 groups which were not treated with heat, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05).