Formic Acid 및 농후사료 첨가가 Silage 의 품질에 미치는 영향

고영두,문영식,류영우 ( Y . D . Ko,Y . S . Moon,Y . W . Ryu ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of formic acid and concentrates addition on moisture content, crude protein and pH of orchardgrass silage. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Moisture contents of silage were no significant differences between 21 and 60 days of ensiling periods, but significantly (P$lt;0.05) decreased as the levels of formic acid and concentrates addition increased. Crude protein content significantly (P$lt;0.01) increased in the formic acid treatment, but was no significant differences between the addition levels of concentrates. pH significantly (P$lt;0.01) increased with increasing concentrates by the aerobic deterioration of silage according to the passage of fermentation time in all the groups, and also increased in the control in treatment of concentrates addition and formic acid treatment.

옥수수 - 계분 Silage 제조 시험 3 . Silage 의 호기적 변패

고영두,안병관,유영우 ( Y . D . Ko,B . G . An,Y . W . Ryu ) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2

This experiment was conducted to find out the characteristics of broiler manured corn silage during the aerobic deterioration procedure. Whole crop corn was ensiled with five treatments; control, three levels of broiler manure i.e. 15, 30, 45 percent and 0.65 percent urea (based on dry matter of corn). After 168 days the silos were opened to determine the digestibility and palatability of silages fed to the sheep. To study deterioration in aerobic conditions, 5 kg silages were placed in round plastic containers (10 litter capacity) with loose fitting lids and kept in room temperature (9 to 11℃). The chemical composition, microbiological changes and organic acid contents of the silage were checked at opening and on 2nd and 7th day from the opening. The results are as follows; 1. Under the aerobic condition, chemical composition of the silage were not changed during aerobic storage period. 2. Under the aerobic condition, nitrogen content of the silage was increased (p$lt;.05), particulary ammonia-N content in both urea added silage on 2nd day and the silage with 45 percent broiler manure on 7th day from opening. 3. Under the aerobic condition, low pH was maintained but slightly increased from the initial pH 4.3, regardless the addition of urea and the levels of broiler manure. 4. The total number of alive bacteria and the number of lactic acid bacteria were decreased as a whole during 7-day exposing period. However, the number of E. coli which was insignificant at opening was significantly increased up to 10² bacteria per g on the 7th day of opening. The yeasts counts were rapidly increased in urea added and standard corn silage. Thus, when broiler manure was added, the whole crop corn silage was found to be improved by showing high protein and increased stability during the exposure period

Sudan - Sorghum Hybrid 의 생육시기와 절단길이가 Silage 의 사료가치에 미치는 영향

고영두,최낙민,문영식 ( Y . D . Ko,N . M . Choe,Y . S . Moon ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.6

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of maturity stage and particle length on feeding value of silage made from sudan-sorghum hybrid (Pioneer 988). The silage was made from sudan-sorghum hybrid taken respectively at heading stage, milky stage, dough stage and yellow ripe stage and cut in 1.0, 2.5, 4.0 ㎝ at each stage of maturity. The feeding value of the silage was evaluted by determing the ruminal VFA and pH for two fistulated male sheep, and by making the digestibility experiment using a metabolism cage for six male sheep. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The influence of the particle: length on the ruminal pH became high in the order of 2.5, 1, and 4㎝, and the pH became high as time passed away when ruminal fluid was taken. 2. The total VFA content way, the highst when particles were cut in length of 2.S㎝, and it decreased as time passed (P$lt;0.05). 3. The digestibility of the silage increased as the particle length reduced with crude protein crude fiber and NFE, but it decreased with crude fat. The digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was the highest at the heading sage, but the lowest at the yellow ripe stage. 4. The TDN content was the highest when particles were cut in length of 1.0㎝ (52.9%), the lowest when particles were cut in length of 4.0㎝ (51.3%), and it was the highest at the dough stage (58.1%), the lowest at the yellow ripe stage (49.9%). According to the above results, it could be suggested that the best silage of sudansorghum hybrid may be made from material taken at the dough stage and cut in 1.0 to 2.S㎝ particle length.

한우에 대한 전분박강 silage 급여시험

고영두,송우준 ( Yung Do Ko,Dou Jun Song ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

To determine the feeding value of sweet potato starch pulp ensiled with 25% barley bran (starch pulp-bran silage) in vinyl trench silo this silage was fed to Korean fattening bulls of about 210㎏ in. body weight for 12 weeks. Four control bulls were fed only mixed concentrates and rice straw but mixed concentrates replaced by 10, 20 or 30% starch pulp bran silage on the basis of air-dry matter were feel to each 4 bulls. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The starch pulp-bran silage was good in quality test at about 60 days after ensiling. The silage was highly palatable to bulls for the whole period of feeding experiment. 2. average daily gain of the bulls fed 10% starch pulp bran silage was 0.8㎏ and a little more than that of controls but there were no significant differences in daily gain between the groups. 3. Digestive crude protein and total digestive nutrients consumed for 1㎏ body weight gain in the bulls fed 10% starch pulp-bran silage were 0.76 and 6.1㎏, respectively and this was the least of the 4 group and those of the bulls fed 30% starch pulp-bran silage was the next in order. However, these were no significant differences in the feed efficiency between the groups. 4. The feed cost for 1㎏ body gain in the bulls fed 30% starch pulp-bran silage was lowest as 530 won, which was 147 won lower than that in controls. Therefore, it was considered that this silage be a economically profitable feed source for fattening bulls.

볏짚의 사료가치 증진을 위한 요소수용액의 처리기간과 저장온도에 관한 연구

고영두,김재황,유성오,류영우,강한석,송영민,김두환 ( Y . D . Ko,J . H . Kim,S . O . Yoo,Y . U . Ryu,H . S . Kang,Y . M . Song,D . H . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.3

This experiment was carried out to enhance the feed value of rice straw and utilization of urea as ruminant feedstuffs. The test animals were alloted depending upon three different treatment periods(7, 14 and 21 days), three different temperature(10, 20 and 30~), and two different urea concentration(5% or 10%) with 30% urea solution in the rice straw. The treated rice straw was then sun-dried, and the chemical composition of the treated rice straw was analyzed. Also, 0.2% pepsin-HCl solution and 2.5% cellulase were used to determine the in vitro dry matter digestibility. Eight Corriedale sheep(about 40 ㎏, ♂) were used to determine the NH,-N and palatability. Crude protein content of 5% level treatment with 30% urea solution was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased in the treatment periods of 14 day and 21 day. NDF content did not significantly(P$gt;0.05) differ among treatment periods without regard to 5% or 10% level treatments with 30% urea solution, but ADF content of 21 day treatment period with 5% level and 7 day treatment period with 10% level was significantly(P$lt;0.05) lower than those of other treatment periods. Total N content did not significantly(P$gt;0.05) differ among Treatment periods, but NH₃-N content of the treatment with 10% level tended to be decreased depend on increasing with treatment periods. In vitro DDM of 5% or 10% treatment levels with 30% urea solution tended to increase in the treatment period of 7 day. Palatability of 5% or 10% levels with 30% urea solution did not differ(P$gt;0.05) among treatment periods. Crude protein content of 30℃ storage temperature with 5% or 10% levels was significantly(P$lt;0.05) higher than that of the other storage temperature, NDF and ADF contents did not significantly(P$gt;0.05) differ among storage temperature with 5% or 10% levels. Total N content did not significantly(P$gt;0.05) differ among storage temperature. But NH₃-N content of 10℃ storage temperature with 5% level was significantly (P$lt;0.05) higher than that of the other storage temperature. In vitro DDM of 5% treatment levels with 30% urea solution was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased in the treatment with 30℃ storage temperature, but palatability of 5 or 10% treatment levels with 30% urea solution did not significantly(P$gt;0.05) differ among storage temperature.

볏짚을 이용한 비육우의 all in one silage 제조와 이용

고영두,곽종형,송우준,박구부 ( Y . D . Ko,J . H . Kwak,W . J . Song,G . B . Park ) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.2

In order to enhance the feeding value of rice-straw, rice straw with different formular of concentrate, rape or formic acid as an additive was ensilaged into and evaluated by laboratory method, and by a feeding trial with finishing Korean native cattle. For the evaluation of the silage quality. rice straw and rape were cut into about 3cm and concentrate levels were adjusted to 20, 30, and 40 percent and kept in a plastic silo of 200㎏ capacity. Rumen solution was taken from sheep by fistulation and used for digestibility and organic acid analysis. For feeding trial, for 90 days, silages with different formula was kept in trench silo and fed to 12 Korean native finishing cattle weighing 256㎏. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Lactic acid fermentation was improved by adding higher proportion of concentrate. 2. Digestible crude protein content was increased in the silages with 0.5 % formic acid or in the silages with higher proportion of concentrates(p$lt;0.05). 3. The pH of rumen solution was decreased in the silage with high proportion of concentrate, while lactic acid content was increased at the same condition(p$lt;0.01). 4. LWG was significantly increased to 0.9 ㎏/day in silage-fed cattle. 5. Total DM intake was significantly increased in cattle on ordinary rice straw and concentrate, however, feed efficiency(feed consumption over live weight gain) were poor(7.46 vs. 6.13). 6. Requirements of DCP and TDN in traditional fed cattle were 0.65 and 4.41 ㎏/LWG㎏ and those in silage fed cattle were 0.50 and 3.71㎏/LWG ㎏, respectively.

Cobalt 가 초생추의 성장에 미치는 영향

고영두,송우준,하정기 ( Y . D . Ko,W . J . Song,J . K . Ha ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This feeding experiment was conducted for 6 weeks to study the effect of cobalt supplementation to feed in which the major protein was supplied by either animal or plant sources on growth rate and feed efficiency of young chicks. Day-old 500 female chicks of Fisher line were devided into two groups of animal and plant protein sources, and in each group, five levels of cobalt supplementation (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 ㎎/㎏ of feed) were established. The results obtained from this trial were summarized as follows: 1. With the animal protein source, the weight gain obtained with the chicks fed 1.0㎎ of cobalt level was superior to the other, and there was substantial increase in weight gain by feeding cobalt supplemented feeds. 2. With the plant protein source, there were adverse effects on growth rates by feeding cobalt (P$lt;0.05). The growth rates shown with the levels of 0.6 and 0.1㎎ of cobalt were superior to thaw of others. 3. The feed efficiencies achieved by the chicks fed cobalt with animal protein were inferior to those fed cobalt with plant protein, but no statistical difference was found. 4. No toxic effect was observed throughout the experimentation by feeding cobalt supplemented feed.

옥수수 - 계분 Silage 제조시험 1 . Silage 발효의 화학적 , 미생물적특성

고영두(Yung Du Ko),안병관(Byeong Goan An) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.11

In order to increase nutritional value of whole crop silage by adding broiler manure at rates of 15, 30, and 45% (percent of corn DM), both small and large bag silages were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are: 1. Nutrients such as crude protein, crude ash, Ca, and P were supplied from the broiler manure while crude fiber, NFE and ADF were supplied from the whole crop corn. 2. By increasing the level of broiler manure in the silage crude protein, crude ash, Ca and P were significantly increased (P$lt;0.05). 3. Both total-N and NH₃-N increased as the level of broiler manure increased in the silage (P$lt;0.1) and the increased rate reached maximum in the silage with urea treatment (P$lt;0.1). 4. The pH of the silage with broiler manure was higher than that of the control (P$lt;0.01). Lactic fermentation and Fliegs` Value were more favorable in the silage with broiler manure, 5. The total viable bacteria numbers, being estimated as 10^7 to 10^9 per g silage, were not significantly different among treatments. The number of bacteria for lactic fermentation was 10^6/g silage, and that of the silage with broiler manure was 10^7 to 10^8 per g silage, Conclusively, the whole crop corn silage with broiler manure up to 30% was considered most favourable in view of fermentational aspect.

면양에 있어서 수수 - 계분 Silage 의 반추위내 발효특성

고영두 ( Y D Ko ),류영우 ( Y W Ryu ),김재황 ( J H Kim ) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.2

This study was investigated fermentation characteristics in the rumen for the purpose to utilize cage layer manure (CLM). Sorghum was ensiled with 30%r CLM(sorghum-manure silage, based on dry matter of sorghum) and without CLM(sorghum silage), and the fistulated four Corriedale rams(average weight of about 40.6 ㎏; ♂) were used to determine the effect in the rumen. Total ruminal VFA in sheep fed CLM silage was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased compared to that fed sorghum silage, and peaked(11.97 mmol/100㎖) at 2 hours after feeding. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration in sheep fed CLM silage was significantly(P$lt;0.05) higher than that of sheep fed sorghum silage. The average ruminal pH values for sheep was significantly different, but was drastically reduced (P$lt;0.05) at 0.5 hours after feeding, and waa constantly level to 1 hours after feeding. Ruminal lactic acid peaked at 0.5 hours after feeding, and was drastically reduced at 0.5 hours after feeding. Ruminal acetic acid in sheep fed CLM silage was significantly(P$lt;0.05) increased compared to that fed sorghum silage. Ruminal propionic acid concentration was peaked at 2 hours after feeding(P$lt;0.05). However, this acidity of CLM silage(2.25 mmol/100㎖) was maticedly higher(P$lt;0.05) than that of the sorghum silage(1.78 mmol/100㎖). Ruminal butyric acid of sheep fed CLM silage was markedly higher (P$lt;0.05) than that fed sorghum silage.

단위가축영양 ; 사료 에너지 수준이 Broiler 의 복강지방축적 , 간의 지방산 조성 및 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

고영두(Y . D . Ko),강한석(H . S . Kang),김재황(J . H . Kim) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various dietary energy regimes during the starter and finisher periods on the abdominal fat content, blood composition and free fatty acid contents in the livers of broiler chickens. Two days-old broiler chickens were randomly alloted to three energy treatments (L, 3,000; M, 3,200; and H, 3,400 ㎉ MF/㎏) during the starter period (0 - 3 wk of age). Nor each treatment, three energy levels(L, 3,000; M, 3,200; and H, 3,400 ㎉ ME/㎏) were assigned fbr the finisher period to give 9 treatments (LL, LM, LH, ML, MM, MH, HL, HM, and HH) in all. The protein Levels for the starter and finisher periods were 23 and 20%, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The abdominal fat content was significantly higher(P$lt;.05) in the HH(28.7 g/㎏) and the MH(2s.8 g/㎏) groups than in the others. The liver weight was significantly higher (P$lt;.05) in the LL(2.3%) and the ML(2.4%) groups than in the others. 2. The palmitic acid content in the liver tissue was relatively higher in the HH(37.4%) and the HM(34.5%) groups, while oleic acid was relatively lower in the HH(24.8%) and the HM(23.6%) groups than in the others. Linoleic acid content tended to be relatively high in the LL(14.3%), h9L(14.3%) and HL(14.4%) groups. 3. The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly higher(P$lt;.05) in the LL(9.6 g/dL) groups, and lower in the LH (7.9 g/dL) and the HM(8.3 g/dL) groups than in the others, and the hematorit value showed a similar trend to the hemoglobin concentration. 4. The serum cholesterol contents were high in the treatments of low dietary energy regimes(160∼170 ㎎/dL), and low in the treatments of high dietary energy level during the first 3 weeks (140∼151 ㎎/dL) of the experiment. 5. The serum triglyceride concentration was significantly higher(P$lt;.05) in the high dietary energy treatments in the last 2 weeks (LH and MH). There were no significant differences in the serum phospholipid contents as affected by dietary energy level.