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편집형 정신분열병 환자에서 뇌의 구조적 변화와 기능적 변화 : 뇌자기공명영상소견, 신경인지기능 및 정신증상간의 상관관계
강철민,이영호,정영조,이정흠,김수지,박현진,Kang, Cheol-Min,Lee, Young-Ho,Jung, Young-Jo,Lee, Jung-Heum,Kim, Su-Ji,Park, Hyun-Jin 대한수면의학회 1998 수면·정신생리 Vol.5 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of structural and functional changes of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Methods : The authors measured the regions of interest on the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in 20 patients with paranoid schizophrenia(15 men and 5 women) and 23 control subjects(15 men and 8 women). We also assessed the neurocognitive functions with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Benton Neuropsychological Assessment, and the Weschler IQ test-Korean version, soft neurologic signs, and psychiatric symptoms in the patient group. Results : In the patient group, all ventricles and basal ganglia including caudate nucleus and globus pallidus were significantly enlarged. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe, there was a tendency of decrease in the values of right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe. There were significant positive correlations between the values of ventricles and the frequency of previous hospitalization. However, there were no significant correlations between other values of regions of interest and clinical data. The value of the right frontal lobe was significantly correlated with the score of soft neurologic signs, which is suggestive of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There were significant correlations between the value of frontal lobe and the scores of the various subscales of Benton Neuropsychiatric Inventory. In contrast, the value of left amygdala and putamen showed significant correlation with the score of verbal IQ on the Weschler IQ test. Structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptom scores on PANSS, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptom scores. Conclusions : These results suggest that the structural changes of the brain in the patients with schizophrenia show the dual process, which is suggestive that the enlarged ventricle show the neurodegenerative process, while enlarged basal ganglia, and shrinked right frontal and left temporal lobe show the neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Among these changes, structural changes of the frontal lobe related with various neuropsychological deficits, while those of left temporal lobe related with language abnormality. Relative to the relation between structural changes and psychiatric symptoms, structural changes of the temporal lobe areas were related with the positive and general symptoms, while those of the basal ganglia were related with the negative symptoms.
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강철민(C. M. Kang),이성배(S. B. Lee),정영득(Y. D. Jeong) 한국동력기계공학회 2004 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Injection molding is one of the most important processing for mass production of plastic parts. Usually injection mold for mass production has multi-cavity which is filled through geometrical balanced runner system. Despite geometrical balanced runner system, filling imbalances between cavity to cavity have always been observed. These filling imbalances are one of the most significant factor to make worse in quality of plastic parts when molding plastic parts in multi-cavity injection mold. Filling imbalances have historically been considered as result of uneven mold temperature and mold deflection, but it actually results from non-symmetrical shear, pressure, temperature distribution within melt material as it flows through the runner system (Beaumont, 1997). Filling imbalance could be decreased by modifying processing conditions such as injection rate, mold temperature, injection pressure, melt temperature that are related to shear, pressure, temperature, but it is very difficult to eliminate this phenomenon completely during injection molding processing. This paper presents a solution of these filling imbalance through using "runner core pin" in the runner. The use of runner core pin which is developed in this study creates a symmetrical shear distribution within runner, thereby filling imbalance could be definitely reduced.
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