아동용 Luria - Nebraska 신경심리검사의 한국 표준화를 위한 예비연구

강차연(Cha Yeun Kang) 한국아동학회 1992 兒童學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the Luria-Nebraska Battery-Children`s Revision (LNNB-CR) in the clinical situation in Korea: LNNB-CR was applied clinically in order to examine how well it differentiates brain damaged children from normals. Subjects were 30 children with the average age of 10 years. Among them 15 were diagnosed as the `brain damaged` group, and the remaining 15 were normal. All subjects of the two groups were tested on all items in accordance with LNNB-CR manual. Data were analyzed by percentage, correlation coefficient, and t-test. The results were (1) the degree of consistency between testers averaged 97.2% which confirmed the stability of the scoring system. (2) Split-half reliability was ranged from .75 on the Tactile Scale (C3) to .95 on the Memory Scale (C10). Thus, consistency of items within the scales appeared high. (3) Internal consistency reliability ranged from .74 on the Visual Scale (C4) to .98 on the Reading Scale (C9). Thus, the homogenity of items within the scales appeared high. (4) In the diagnostic discriminative power test between the two groups, both individual scales and total scores showed significant differences at the level of p<.001. (5) The discriminative power test between two groups on all items showed significant differences at the level of p<.05 or better in 126(85%) out of 149 items. These results are supportive of the diagnostic utility of the application of LNNB-CR to the clinical situation in Korea. However, extensive additional research is needed in order to prove its worth.

어머니 애착유형과 결혼갈등 , 자녀양육행동 및 아동행동문제와의 관계

강차연(Cha Yeun Kang),장연집(Yeon Zip Chang) 한국아동학회 1999 아동학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This study examined how the attachment styles of married mothers influence their marital conflicts and caring behavior and the behavior problems of their children. Subjects were 60 mothers and their 60 elementary school children. Data were analyzed with correlation, multiple analysis of variance and path analysis. Mothers with unstable attachment styles had more children with behavior problems and they had more serious marital conflicts. Mother`s with preoccupied attachment styles experienced more marital conflict than all other styles. Seriousness of marital conflict was related to negative caring behavior and negative caring behavior was related to behavior problems in children. There were direct paths between the attachment style of mothers and both externalized and internalized behavior problems of children in the clinical group.

미술치료에서의 심리평가 : 미술치료평가와 투사적 그림검사를 중심으로

강차연 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2006 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.6 No.2

본 고찰에서는 인간을 이해하는데 사용되는 심리평가법들 중 그림이나 미술을 매체로 사용 하는 다양한 평가도구들을 살펴보았다. 미술치료에서는 심리학자나 미술치료자들이 개발하고 고안한 여러 평가법들을 사용하여,내담자 이해를 위한 정보들을 얻고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미술치료 장면에서 사용되는 평가법들에 대한 역사적 고찰을 한 뒤,투사적 그림검사와 미술치료평가도구들에 대해 개관하고,이들 간의 차이점과 유사점을 살펴보았다. 또한 미술치료평가와 투사적 그림검사에 대한 비판점들을 살펴본 뒤,미술치료에서 사용되는 여러 평가도구들을 간략히 살펴보았다 아직까지 신뢰도나 타당도에 있어 논란의 여지가 많긴 하지만,미술을 통해 내담자와 그 가족들을 평가하는 것은 감별진단,가족의 정신역동이해,약물치료결과 평가,또는 위험행동의 예측과 같은 다양한 영역에서 많은 기여를 하며,나아가 사람들의 숨겨진 갈등과 잠재적 능력을 드러낼 수 있게 한다는 점에서 그 의미하는 바가 크다 단순하고 획일적인 공식을 사용하여 내담자를 이해하고 진단평가하기보다는 내담자를 총제적인 인간으로 보고 그가 처한 상황이나 환경적인 특성을 고려한다면 미술치료에서의 평가도구들의 사용은 내담자들을 돕기 위한 진단,치료계획,예후를 확립하는데 필수적인 도구로서의 역할을 할 것이다. In art therapy clinical pychologists or art therapists have developed and designed many assessment tools since 1990s,and,by using these tools in evaluation of clients,they have obtained informations for understanding clients. In this study the author reviewed various assessment tools using arts or drawings among psychological assessment tools with which we use for understanding human. First, the historical review of assessment tools used in the field of art therapy was considered. Second,a overview of projective drawing tests and art-based assessment tools and the difference and similarity between them were examined. Third,the author reviewed the critics of projective drawing tests and art-based assessment tools. Fourth, a general survey about diverse assessment tools used in art therapy was made. Although there have been many debates for using art therapy assessment tools in terms of reliability and validity,assessing and evaluating clients and their families through arts make a contributions to many domains such as differential diagnosis,understanding of families psychody-namic,evaluation of effect of medical treatment,or prediction of risky behaviors and,by extension,make hidden conflicts and potential abilities of clients are revealed. In this respect,assessment techniques using arts have many important suggestions for art therapy. Art based assessment tools and projective drawing tests in art therapy will play an primary role in making diagnosis,treatment plan,and prognosis for helping clients if art therapists and clinical psychologists understand them as whole human in context of their situations rather than use simple and monolithic formula.

중국내 거주 탈북 여성들의 스트레스 대처방식과 정신건강 간의 관계

강차연 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2006 여성연구논총 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this stndy is to understand the state of mental health of the female North Korean refugees in China and to prepare the further interventions for them by investigating their psychopathological symptoms with the demographical characters and stress copying styles. The results of this stady were as follows. First, the results of analysis of differences in symptom dimensions according to their demographical characters show that there were relationships in age and intention about family members' escape variables with Somatization, family members in North Korea variable with Anxiety, marriage and experience of arrest variables with Hostility, and marriage, sexual abuse and human traffics variables with Phobic anxiety. Second, the results of hierarchical regression analysis suggested that emotion-reducing style had significant effects on all of the symptom dimensions of female refugees. For the residue, there were several demographical variables having significant effects on symptom dimensions. Finally, the meaning and limitations of this study were suggested.

집단 미술치료가 목회자 사모의 자아정체감과 자아상에 미치는 영향

강차연,오선미 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2007 여성연구논총 Vol.22 No.-

This study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the group art psychotherapy on ego-identities and self images of pastors' wives. 7 pastors' wives had participated in group art psychotherapy, and responded to Ego Identity Scale and Draw a Story test before and after the group art psychotherapy. Then data were analysed to explore the effectiveness using paired sample t test. As a result, no significant differences in ego identities between and after the group art psychotherapy. But there were significant differences in emotional contents and self images between and after the group art psychotherapy. Finally, the present findings were discussed within the context of each finding, and limitations of the present study and implications for future studies were suggested.

임산부-태아 간 상호작용과 애착발달

강차연;윤지영 서울여자대학교 2004 아동연구 Vol.10 No.-

[초록없음]

재중 탈북여성들의 생활실태

강차연 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 2004 여성연구논총 Vol.19 No.-

This study is a research on the actual conditions in which the women who escaped from North Korea and were living in China in relation to their characteristics of demographics and extrication from North Korea, the life-situation in China, the experiences of sexual abuse and human traffic, and their types in hoping for final resettlement place. The purpose of present study is to be helpful for directing and establishing realistic and proper counterplan for women refugees from North Korea. From the result of this study, I found that 1) it is possible to see the reason of their escapes as for better qualitative lives as well as for survivals 2) among these women refugees who had been caught by Chinese polices or been invalided North Korea, there are many women got free or escaped again easily from North Korea to China relatively 3) for their personal safety, many of women settled down to married life that is not approved legally 4) they are vulnerable to danger of sexual abuse or human traffic 5) the exile projects or international issuing for refugees from North Korea give much more pain to these women in part. Other area of life situation of women refugees in China the and suggestion were provided.

어머니-영아 관계에 대한 고찰 : 대상관계이론과 애착이론을 중심으로

강차연;김융희;장연집 서울여자대학교 2004 아동연구 Vol.10 No.-

[초록없음]

양육시설 청소년의 집단치료 체험연구

김미정,강차연 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2008 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 양육시설 청소년의 집단미술치료 체험의 본질과 의미가 무엇인지 이해하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 양육시설에 거주하는 청소년이 경험한 집단미술치료 체험의 의미를 이해하기 위해 Max van Manen의 해석학적 현상학적 질적 연구방법인 '체험의 본질에 집중turning to the nature of lived experience', '체험탐구(existential research)', '해석학적 현상학의 반성(hermeneutic phenomenological reflection)', '해석학적 현상학의 글쓰기(hermeneutic phenomenological writing)'의 4단계를 적용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구비 참여자는 서울과 인천에 있는 양육시설에 집단미술치료를 원하는 청소년을 모집한다는 공고를 통해 선정되었고 총 9명으로 평균 8년 동안 시설에 거주하고 있는 중학교 2학년부터 고등학교 3학년까지, 만 14-18세 청소년이다. 참여자들은 2008년 1일부터 3일까지 총 10회기로 집단미술치료를 경험하였고 이들을 대상뜨로 집단미술치료가 종료된 시점인 2008년 3일 말부터 4일까지 심층면담과 회기별로 기록한 개인별 회기 노트, 미술작품 등을 수집하였으며 면담자료는 자료가 포화될 때까지 얻어내었다. 연구 참여자로부터의 자료수집뿐만 아니라 양육시설 청소년과 관련된 문학 및 예술작품도 분석 시 참조하기 위해 수집하였다. 연구 참여자들의 진술을 분석한 결과 여러 개의 주제들이 도출되었으며, <한다고는 했지만 하기 싫어요> <만드는 게 이렇게 재미있다니>, <작품을 통해 만난 솔직한 내 모습>, <상처가 아물어가고 마음이 편안해짐>, <힘이 생긴 나에게 찾아온 변화>의 5가지 대주제 아래 각각 하위주제들로 본질적 주제를 범주화하였다. 이를 통해 양육시설 청소년의 집단미술치료 체험의 본질과 의미에 관해 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 첫째, 양육시설 청소년은 집단미술치료 체험을 통해 심리적으로 더욱 안정되었다. 집단미술치료의 편안한 분위기와 미술재료의 부드러운 촉감은 좀처림 가라앉지 않았던 마음들을 차분하게 해주었다. 둘째, 양육시설 청소년은 집단미술치료 체험을 통해 자신의 생각과 감정을 솔직하게 표현할수 있었다. 특히, 억압된 내면 감정들을 자유롭게 표출함으로서 카타르시스를 느낄 수 있도록 해주었고 이런 과정을 통해 자신의 감정과 행동을 조절할 수 있도록 도움을 받을 수 있었다. 셋째, 양육시설 청소년은 집단미술치료 체험을 통해 자신의 솔직한 모습을 바라볼 수 있었다. 그들은 상처받고 힘들어 하는 모습뿐만 아니라 여전히 순수하게 남아있는 마음, 곧 희망과 꿈을 가진 자신의 모습도 발견할 수 있었다. 넷째, 양육시설 청소년은 집단미술치료 체험을 통해 주체적이고 독립적인 삶을 살 수 있도록 긍정적인 힘을 복 돋을 수 있었다. The objective for this study is to understand essence and meaning of experience in group art therapy of institutionalized adolescents. In order to understand the meaning of experience in group art therapy for institutionalized adolescents, this study was incorporated four steps of Max van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological study method as following : 'turning to the nature of lived experience', 'existential research', 'hermeneutic phenomenological reflection', and 'hermeneutic phenomenological writing'. Participants were recruited through public announcement for adolescents recruit who wish to have group art therapy from institutions in Seoul and In-cheon. The participants experienced total 10 group art therapy sessions from January to March in 2008. And all data was collected from the end of March, when the study ended, to April in 2008, about personal notes and art collections from in-depth interviews. The interview data was collected until fully finished. Not only data from the participants was collected, but also all institutionalized adolescents related novels and art works were gathered for reference. Various topics were drawn from analysis of the participants' statements. And these topics were categorized as each of sub themes under five main themes of following : <I don't want to do it though I said I did>, <So much fun to make>, <My true self through art works>, <Receivig healings and comforts>, <changes from empowered myself>. Through this, we can conclude about the essence and meaning of group art therapy for institutionalized Adolescents as following. First, institutionalized adolescents were comforted and stabilized through the group art therapy. The soft atmosphere and soft touch of art objects brought comfort to their unsettled hearts. Second, institutionalized adolescents were able to express their thoughts and feelings through this group art therapy. Especially, this therapy enabled them to express suppressed inner feelings freely and to feel catharsis. Also through this process, they were able to receive help to control their feelings and actions. Third, institutionalized dadolescents were able to confront their true selves through the group art therapy. They could confront not only their wounded hearts, but also their hearts full with hopes and dreams that have not died away. Forth, institutionalized adolescents were empowered positively to lead more independent life through the group art therapy.

분노를 억제하는 성인여성의 집단미술치료 체험연구

전민정,강차연 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 2007 심리치료: 다학제적 접근 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 분노를 억제하는 성인여성의 집단미술치료 체험의 본질과 의미가 무엇인 지 이해하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 분노를 억제하는 성인여성이 경험한 집단미술치료 체험의 의미를 이해하기 위해 Max van Manen의 해석학적 현상학적 질적 연구방법을 적용하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 인터넷을 통해 분노와 관련된 어려움을 가지고 있는 성인여성 들을 모집 한 후 설문조사를 실시하여 분노표현방식이 분노억제라고 판단된 6명의 여성들이며,2007년 1월부터 2월까지 총 7회기의 집단미술치료를 경험하였다. 이들을 대상으로 집단미술치료가 종료된 시점인 2007년 2월말부터 3월말까지 심층면담과 회기별로 기록한 개인별 회기 노트,회기별 녹음,미술작품 등을 수집하였으며 면담자료는 자료가 포화될 때까지 얻어내었다 연구 참여자로부터의 자료수집 뿐 아니라 여성의 분노억제와 관련된 문학 및 예술작품도 분석시 참조하기 위해 수집하였다 연구 참여자들의 진술을 분석한 결과 여러 개의 주제들이 도출되었으며,<설레임 반,두려움 반으로 시작한 미술치료>,<내안에 감춰져 있던 것들이 되살 아남>,<편안하고 자유로운 분위기에서 긍정적인 소통을 경험함>,<내 맘 깊은 곳에 자리 잡고 있던 분노를 인식함>,<껍데기를 벗은 본래의 나와 만남>,<내안에서 시작된 변화가 외부로 확장됨〉 의 6가지 대주제 아래 각각 하위주제들로 본질적 주제를 범주화하였다. 이를 통해 분노를 억제하는 성인 여성의 집단미술치료 체험의 의미에 관해 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 첫째,집단미술치료는 분노를 억제하는 여성들에게 억눌러놓았던 감정을 인식 및 표출하고 외면해왔던 외로움과 연약함을 드러낼 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 둘째,집단미술치료는 분노를 억제하는 여성에게 현재 자신의 모습과 상태를 객관적으로 인식하고,내면의 자기와 만나도록 해주는 자신만의 시간과 공간을 제공한다. 셋째,집단미술치료는 분노를 억제하 는 여성에게 이상화된 자기상이라는 껍데기를 벗어버리고 자신안의 힘을 발견하여 삶에 대한 주체성을 회복할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 넷째, 집단미술치료는 분노를 억제하는 성인여성들이 타인과의 관계 맺기, 그들을 둘러싼 외부현실과의 관계 맺기에 있어서 융통성을 증가시켜 긍정적인 소통을 할수 있는 계기를 제공한다. The Purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and essence of the women’s experience with suppressed anger from group art therapy. To achieve the purpose of this study,the study was by applying the research method of Max van Mannen,which are one of the qualitative research methods of hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants were six women with suppressed anger. To collect the research information,7 times of the group art therapy carried out from January 2007 to February 2007. The individual interview about discussing the each therapy session conducted separately. From the results of the analysis on the participants' statements at the reflection of hermeneutic phenomenology,six main subjects were revealed as following; <starting with fear and expectation>,<reviving the things hidden in my mind>,<experiencing the positive communication in peaceful and free atmosphere>,<meeting myself out of my shell>,<expanding the inner change into the outside world>. The following results can be made for the meaning of the group art therapy that women with suppressed anger experienced on basis of the main subject and their subordinate subjects. First,group art therapy gives women with suppressed anger an opportunity to reveal their loneliness and weakness. Second,group art therapy gives women with suppressed anger time and space only for themselves. So,they can take an objective view of themselves and meet their inner selves. Third, group art therapy gives women with suppressed anger an opportunity to disclose the power of themselves and recover their identities through meeting themselves out of their shells which is ideal. Fourth,group art therapy gives them a start to experience positive communication. Because of their increased flexibilities,they can form a relationship with others and outside world more easily.