VA Mode의 LCOS에서 Cell Gap의 변화에 따른 전기광학적 특성

강정원,손홍배,Kang, Jung-Won,Son, Hong-Bae 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2008 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.7 No.3

The electro-optical characteristics of the Liquid Crystal on Silicon (hereinafter "LCOS") micro-display on vertically alignment (VA) mode were studied depending on various cell gaps. 5 different cell gaps, such as $1.4{\mu}m,\;1.8{\mu}m,\;2.1{\mu}m,\;2.4{\mu}m$ and $2.8{\mu}m$, were selected. The reflectance-voltage (R-V) characteristics, distributions of reflected light and reflectance were calculated with 3-dimmensional LC code. At the center of cell, the smallest $1.4{\mu}m$ cell gap showed the lowest reflectance and the largest $2.8{\mu}m$ cell gap showed the highest reflectance due to the surface anchoring effect. In case of $2.1{\mu}m$ cell gap, the sum of reflectance overall cell was the highest value. Considering the reflectance and RV curve characteristic, the optimized cell gap was $2.1{\mu}m$.

시화호 퇴적물의 유기탄소, 유기질소 및 중금속 함량과 분포

강정원,홍대벽,박용안,최정훈,Kang, Jeong-Won,Hang, Dae-Byuk,Park, Yong-Ahn,Choi, Jung-Hoon 한국해양학회 2000 바다 Vol.5 No.4

시화호 표층과 주상시료 퇴적물의 유기탄소(Co$_{org}$), 유기질소(N$_{org}$), 중금속(Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn)의 함량과 분포를 규명하기 위하여 '97년 4월, 9월 그리고 '98년 3월에 총 30개의 퇴적물 시료가 채취하였다. 분석결과 표층 및 주상시료 퇴적물의 유기탄소${\cdot}$질소 그리고 중금속들의 함량과 분포는 조사시기와 정점별 차이에 따른 변화를 나타냈다. 표층 퇴적물의 유기탄소와 유기질소 함량은 시화호 안쪽의 육지에 인접할 수록 높은값을 나타냈다. 이러한 분포는 주변 하천 및 공단으로부터의 영향인 것으로 사료된다. 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 함량은 유기탄소 함량과 일차적인 관계가 있다고 해석된다. 주상시료 퇴적물의 C/N비의 변화폭은 3${\sim}$32이고 평균은 13.9를 나타냈다. 주상시료의 중금속함량분포 경향은 유기탄소와 유기질소의 함량분포 경향과 유사하였다. 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 함량을 방조제 축조 이전과 이후로 비교했을 때 축조 후 증가한 중금속은 Cu이고, 반대로 낮은 함량을 보이는 중금속은 Zn와 Mn으로 조사되었다. 이와는 달리 Pb의 함량은 일정하였다. 시화호 배수갑문 내측 주변과 방조제 외측 연안 퇴적물의 중금속함량은 유사하였다. Distributions of organic carbon (Co$_{org}$), organic nitrogen (N$_{org}$), and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn) were investigated in Lake Shihwa sediments. Surface and core samples were collected in April and September, 1997 and March, 1998 for the study. The results show that these components contents are variable with sampling timeand station. In surface sediments, both Co$_{org}$ and N$_{org}$ have similar distribution pattern in which their high contents found in stations located near the land, indicating that the streams and industrial wastes seem to act as point sources. The C$_{org}$ contents are linearly related with those of heavy metals. It appears, therefore, that the distribution of heavy metals may be partly controlled by a complex interplay of biogenic, terrestial, and anthropogenic factors. The C/N ratios from three stations are in the range of 3-32, with an average of 13.2. Vertical profiles of heavy metals in sediment cores are similar to those of C$_{org}$ and N$_{org}$. Copper content of sediments is enriched compared to that of reported value before dike construction, but Zn and Mn are not deposited considerably. Especially, Pb content show less variable. Currently, anthropogenic effects of industrial complex may not reached to drainage gate area where heavy metal contents are comparable with those adjacent to coastal sediments.

Multi-cube UV source 이용한 PDP에서 광학시뮬레이션의 정확성 개선에 관한 연구

강정원,엄철환,Kang, Jung-Won,Eom, Chul-Whan 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2007 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Optical simulation of the rear and front panel geometries were needed to improve the luminance and efficiency in PDP cells. The 3-dimensional optical code can be used to analyze the variation of geometries and changing of optical properties. In order to improve the accuracy of simulated results, a new UV source, called a multi-cubes UV source, was designed. To design the source, at first UV distribution was calculated with the plasma fluid code and then the UV distribution was transformed to the multi-cube structures in the optical code. Compared to the results from existing UV source, called a planar UV source, could be improved the accuracy of visible light distribution. Simulated results were also compared to the visible distribution measured with the ICCD in a real PDP cell.

3차원 광학시뮬레이션을 사용한 PDP의 광학적 특성에 관한 연구

강정원,박현명,Kang, Jung-Won,Park, Hyun-Myung 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2010 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.9 No.3

In this study the optical properties, such as relative transmittance and reflectance of PDP were analyzed with 3D optical code. Because of the electrode structure, the reference model shows 21.3 % higher transmittance than the test model and the reference model shows 16.6 % higher reflectance than the test model. The calculated reflectance of reference and test models is compared to the measured reflectance and the difference between calculation and measurement is 4.9 %.

일제 임야조사사업기 김해지역의 국유림 분쟁

강정원 ( Kang Jung-won ) 부경역사연구소 2008 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.22

Japanese government had intended to establish the Forest Ownership in accordance with the modernized laws and terminate the ownership disputes through the project for surveying the forest. This research is purposed to analysis the survey report for the land in disputes called Bunjangjijoseo(『紛爭地調書』) in Kimhae, Kyungsang Province and review how to treat the customary Forest occupation by Kimhae Citizen at the project process. During the Project, 191 disputes for 285 lots were occurred in Kimhae which was over most area in Kimhae. At that time, the Forest was occupied by Kimhae citizen in the manner of grave, sales & purchase, Planting trees, recording on land registration and certification, drafting a plan and others. However, the forest without ownership relation for long time was enlisted as the state forest at the state forest identification(or classification) survey which was made on and about 1911-12 year, and then leased to the 3rd parties on the condition of planting trees. This caused the Japanese to occupy the most of forest with considering the land area and lots. Consequently, the parties to the dispute for the forest were the local residents and the state as well as the local residents and Japanese who had leased the forest. Most of disputes in Kimhae area were for the state forest and settled in favor of the leaseholder except 10 lots. The settlement of the disputes over the forest in Kimhae was the process to create the state forest. The Japanese government unilaterally admitted and recognized the ownerless mountains as the state ones based on the modernized ownership conception. Further, the previous ownership interests and rights over the forest were not recognized on the unconditional basis of the current Planting trees and actual result. In consequence, the state forest was reproduced and enlarged, and most of the Japanese who were the leaseholders won the cases, were able to push on planting trees and have more chance to secure the ownership interest on the forests. This made the local resident in Kimhae unable to exercise their influence over the forest slowly and to join the operation of forest resources under the control of the Japanese.

일제의 조선 산림 관습조사와 그 성격

강정원(Kang, Jung-Won) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2018 한국민족문화 Vol.68 No.-

본고는 일제가 시행한 조선 산림 관습조사를 분석하여 그 내용과 성격을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일제는 여러 차례의 관습조사를 통해 조선의 관습적 산림이용에 대해 조사하였다. 1906년에 시작된 부동산법조사회의 조사에서는 관습적 산림이용을 일본 민법의 입회권으로 볼 수 없다고 인식했으나, 1907년 법전조사국의 조사에서는 입회권과 어느 정도 유사하다고 소극적으로 인정하였다. 그러나 일제는 입회권을 구시대의 유물로 인식할 정도로 부정적이었는데, 이러한 인식은 이후 마련된 법령에서 그대로 드러났다. 일제는 입회대상 토지를 국유림, 공유림, 사유림으로 파악하고 정리해 나갔다. 국유림에서 선행되어야 할 것은 무주공산의 소유권적 위상을 정리하는 일이었다. 일제는 무주공산을 국유로 인식하고, 1908년 森林法을 공포하여 무주공산에서의 ‘자유로운’ 산림이용을 정리하였다. 삼림법에서 부정했던 관습적 산림이용은 1911년 森林令을 통해서 부분적으로 허용되었다. 동리산은 洞有로 확정되면 동리민의 입회권을 인정하였다. 반면 국유로 인정되면 연고유무에 따라 정리하였다. 국유림에서 연고자의 자격이 있는 경우는 조림대부를 통해 권리를 유지해 나갔다. 반면 연고가 없는 경우는 일제가 소유권 중심으로 권리를 정리해 나가는 과정에서 해체되었다. 사유림에서의 이용은 배타적 소유권이 확립되면서 점차 소멸되었다. 결과적으로 일제는 인민들의 관습적 산림이용을 일본민법에 비추어 입회권 혹은 입회, 입회관행으로 조사했지만, 하나의 物權으로 인정하지 않았다. 지역마다 다양한 층위를 형성하고 있었던 관습적 산림이용은 전국적으로 통일되는 과정에서 결국 부정되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Customs survey of the forest customs conducted by the Japanese colonial government and reveal its nature. The Japanese imperialism surveyed the customs forest use of Joseon. In 1906, the customs survey of the institute on research of the land law(不動産法調査會) recognized that customary forest use can not be regarded as an right of common of Japanese Civil Law. However, in 1907, the research bureau on a code of laws(法典調査局) passively acknowledged that it was somewhat similar to the Japanese imperialism’s right of common. However, the Japanese imperialism was negative enough to recognize the right of membership as a relic of the old era. And this recognition was reflected in the legislation that was created later. The Japanese imperialism grasped the common of land to be enlisted as national forest, common forest, and private forest. What should be preceded in the national forest was to sort out the ownership status of ‘Mujugongsan’ (無主空山). The Japanese imperialism recognized Mujugongsan as national state. In 1908, the Forest Act(森林法) was enacted, limiting the “free” use of forests. Customary forest use were negative in the Forest Act was accepted in part by the Forest Ordinance(森林令) in 1911. It was able to achieve recognition of the right of common to the mountains belonging to the villages as long as they could be verified as villages’ property(洞有). On the other hand, if they were recognized as nationalized, they were classified according to the presence or absence of preemptive rights. If there is the right in the national forest, the rights were maintained through the forestry loan. On the other hand, without preemptive rights, the Japanese imperialism was dismantled in the course of organizing rights based on ownership. The use of private forests was gradually extinguished as ownership was established. As a result, the people’s right to use traditional forests was investigated in the light of the Japanese Civil Law, such as the right of common, common, but was not recognized as a right. The Customary forest use which had been formed at various levels in each region, was ultimately denied in the process of national unification.

창의적 유아교사교육을 위한 스마트러닝 활용방안 탐색

강정원(Jung-Won Kang) 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회지 Vol.12 No.2

경남지역 임야조사사업의 소유권 사정과정과 재결

강정원(Kang, Jung-Won) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2013 한국민족문화 Vol.49 No.-

본 논문은 경남지역 임야조사사업의 사정과 재결과정을 다룬 글이다. 경남은 1916년 11월 조선총독부의 시험조사를 시작으로 임야조사에 착수했다. 이 때문에 경남지역 대부분이 指定地로 처리되었다. 경남은 분쟁률이 0.33%로 전국 0.6%에 미치지 못했다. 소유권 분쟁이 대부분이며, 민유림 분쟁률이 61%로 높게 나타났다. 일제는 분쟁을 無主地=國有라는 틀 속에서, 禁養과 함께 일본 민법이 정한 소유가 분명한 경우에 사적 소유를 인정해 주었다. 임야조사사업의 중심과제는 임야소유권을 확정하는 사정작업이었다. 경상남도의 査定은 1918년 마산을 시작으로 1923년 12월 김해 통영 밀양을 마지막으로 종료되었다. 그러나 사정 후 不服申請은 분쟁율의 30배로 급증했다. 창원군 사례에서 불복신청의 국유림 분쟁은 전체 분쟁필수의 65%를 차지했다. 그 중에서 국유림의 緣故者가 제기한 불복신청은 국유림 분쟁의 절반에 해당했다. 이러한 높은 불복신청에도 불구하고 소유권자는 ‘國’이었다. 사정결과에 대한 불복은 72%가 화해로 해결되었다. 이는 1926년 朝鮮特別緣故森林讓與令으로 연고자가 소유를 인정받아 국유림 분쟁이 해결된 데 따른 것이었다. 이로써 임야조사사업에서 확정된 소유권에는 절대성이 부여되었으며, 原始取得의 자격이 주어졌고 임야조사와 사정과정에서 발생한 모든 분쟁은 일제 근대법의 테두리 안에서 종결되었다. Beginning with test survey, On November, 1916, the forest survey was initiated in the southern Gyeongsang province by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Due to this survey, much of that region was categorized as the designated land. In that area dispute rate caused by this investigation was 0.33 per cent, less than that of national level, 0.6 per cent. Of these disputes, most was the conflict claim of ownership, among which the forest under private ownership accounted for 61 percent. The authorities, which recognized ownerless land as state-owned one, granted private ownership of land when, including the forests in which grass or trees were not allowed to be cut down, it was evidently admitted personal possession according to Japanese civil law. At the center of this survey was the assessment that confirmed the ownership of forest. In 1918 this task began to be launched from Masan and, on December, 1923, ended in Gimhae, Tongyeong, and Miryang. After that, however, the number of appeal of dissatisfaction was thirty times more than the previous dispute rate. For example of the case in Changwon-gun, national forest dispute through the appeal of dissatisfaction accounted for 65 percent of the whole number of submitted disputes. In particular, the appeal set forth by those who were closely connected with national forest was just about half of the whole appeal. Nevertheless, it was unchanged that the ownership of national forest belonged to the state. About 72 percent of the appeals of dissatisfaction in opposition to the assessment were came to a settlement. This was because they were given ownerships through Joseon Special Connected Forest Concession Act(朝鮮特別緣故森林讓與令) in 1926, and so disputes about national forest were settled out. As a result, the legal effect of ownership which was once confirmed from the forest survey project was absolute, and allowed the owner to obtain original acquisition(原始取得), and all disputes came from this survey and assessment were came to a conclusion, based on modern law of the Japanese Empire.

1910년대 일제의 조선 산림 소유와 이용에 관한 인식

강정원(Kang, Jung-Won) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2015 한국민족문화 Vol.56 No.-

본 논문은 1910년대 일제가 조선 산림 소유와 이용에 관해 어떻게 인식하고 정책적으로 수렴해 나갔는지를 고찰한 글이다. 일제가 소유권을 확정하는 과정에서 문제가 되었던 것은 공동체적 소유와 입회권이었다. 공동체적 소유에서 많은 비중을 차지했던 것이 宗山을 비롯한 종중재산과 洞里山이었다. 이 둘은 관습법에서는 엄연한 주체였고, 동시에 기존 향촌질서와 밀접하게 연계되어 있었다. 일제는 기존 질서를 강점 질서에 맞게 재편하는 과정에서 이들의 소유구조를 인식하고 재편해 나갔다. 일제는 소유주체로서 종중을 부정하고, 共有로 파악하였다. 토지의 권리를 확정하는 ‘사업’에서도 종중 명의로 査定하거나 裁決 登記를 할 수가 없었다. 게다가 명의신탁이론이 도입되어 종중재산을 둘러싼 법적 분쟁이 심화되자 일제는 1930년 朝鮮不動産登記令을 개정하여 종중 명의로 등기를 할 수 있도록 했다. 하지만, 종중을 법인으로 인정한 것이 아니었기 때문에 미봉책에 불과했다. 洞里는 소유주체의 형태를 통치구조에 맞게 변용하여 인정하였다. 일제는 관습조사에서 기존 동리를 법인으로 ‘해석’했지만, ‘법적’으로 규정한 것은 아니었다. 오히려 효율적인 통치를 위해 기존 동리의 소유주체를 통치에 부합하도록 변경한 뒤 인정하였다. 동리 통폐합으로 등장한 행정 동리가 기존 동리 재산의 새로운 법적 소유자가 되었다. 하지만 面洞里財産管理規程으로 동리재산을 면이 관리하게 됨으로써 소유권 행사에 제한이 따를 수밖에 없었다. 게다가 1917년 面制가 실시되면서 법률행위와 소송당사자 능력까지 고스란히 면이 담당하게 되었다. 한편 일제는 입회권에 대해서도 조사했지만, 구시대의 유물로 인식할만큼 그 자체에 대해서 부정적이었다. 일제는 입회대상 토지를 무주공산, 동리산, 국유림으로 보고 정리해 나갔다. 무주공산에서의 ‘자유로운’ 산림 이용은 삼림법으로 정리되었다. 동리산은 洞有로 확정되면 동리민의 입회권을 인정하였다. 반면 국유로 인정되면 연고유무에 따라 정리하였다. 국유림에서는 삼림령 실시로 입회를 인정하였다. 그러나 이는 관습조사에서 확인된 입회권과 같이 권리관념이 뚜렷한 경우에 한정된 것이었다. 국유림에서 연고가 있는 경우는 조림대부를 통해 권리를 유지해 나갔다. 반면 연고가 없는 경우는 일제가 소유권 중심으로 권리를 정리해 나가는 과정에서 해체되었다.

일제시기 창원군『임야조사서』분석과 소유구조 변화

강정원(Kang Jung-won) 湖西史學會 2011 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.59

This article analyzes the Research Paper of Forest in Chang-Won County which is the original evaluation based on the researches of woodlands and the survey of each lot. It is to grasp the currents of the ownership of national forests and civil-owned-fields in Changwon and understand the ownership changes. The Paper shows that the civil-owned national ratio(85% of the total lots and 67% of the total area) is far greater than the national(15% of the lots and 33% the area). The private ownership is greate importance in civil ownership(98.5% of the lots and 98.1% of the areas). Changwon county's national forests have some special features like this. First, the Yungorim(緣故林)of the Bulyojonrim(不要存林) holds the majority in the total nationals and most of their loans are alloted to the pro-government groups or to its townships. Second, there's no the Yungorim of the Ipheaguanhang. Third, there are many forests which have military purpose in Jinhea and Chunga. The civil-owned forests have some features too. Its share rosed slightly by the forest survey. It also shows that the town ownership has increased for securing its finance on the one hand and for getting the town located in colonial regime on the other. The project has changed the ownership. First the national forests has increased by the way of reversing the Yun-Go-Rim to the national treasury. It was a result of the fact that the Gemynagsiljuck(禁養實積) was just alone applied as a criterion. There was no overall considering that could determine the right of the Yungorim being relevant to the occupations. Second the poor private ownership was created. That was the reason why the research made the management structure not based on the using rights but based on the ownerships. The group ownership like a family land(宗中) and gye(契) was also excluded. Because the project substituted the ownership of autonomous community for the joint-ownership the group ownership and the right of joint use were restricted or dismantled. Those policies individualized the ownership and promoted the small scale ownership widespread.