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이용범(Yi Yong-Bhum),강정원(토론자) 비교민속학회 2005 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.28
After the opening of a port science has been one of the major yardsticks of explaining and understanding of Korean folk beliefs in Korea. Since a modernization modelled on Western civilization has been pursued in Korea, the rational scientific viewpoint as a basis of modernization seems to have been working as the most fundamental factor in defining Korean folk beliefs in Korean society. Under this presupposition, this paper intends to do a critical examination of the scientific viewpoint on Korean folk beliefs. First, this paper points out the limits of the scientific viewpoint on Korean folk beliefs. The scientific viewpoint has a problem of not understanding and erasing many parts of Korean traditional life and culture. And the objectivity myth of scientific knowledge already was broken down. So the idea of science as a privileged way of producing reliable knowledge is not approved any longer. It is recognized that there is no essential difference between science and other form of knowledge production; that there is nothing intrinsically special about 'the scientific method'. Second, this paper tries to normalize some features of what was previously dismissed as irrational of Korean folk beliefs. Korean folk beliefs are different from science in their attitudes toward the relation between signs and their referents. Folk beliefs presuppose a direct, causal, identity relationship between signs and their referents. They accept an innate union of signifier and signified. On the contrary, science does not recognize this identity relationship between signs and their referents. In science, a clear distinction is made between signs and their referents. By the way the identity relations between signs and their referents are found in our present life, private or public affairs. Such identifications happen all the time among us. A national flag burning is a good example. From a rational, scientific viewpoint, a national flag is an arbitrary sign of a nation. But many, perhaps a majority of people feels that their national flag is more than an arbitrary, or conventional sign. They feel that it bears an inseparable relation of identity with their country. So it is evident that folk beliefs mentality is never superstitious, but a universal, contemporaneous mentality. The so-called occult or magical thought and action, which a powerful current of scientific rationalism has tried to push out or exclude as not consistent with rational thought, is not so alien to us moderns. In conclusion, we can say that Korean folk beliefs are some of the multiple life paradigms or orientations to the world.
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