트레드밀 운동이 D-galactose로 유도된 노화 쥐 심장근육에서 미토콘드리아 품질관리에 미치는 영향

강은범 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2023 스포츠사이언스 Vol.41 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on Mitochondrial quality control systems in cardiac muscles of D-galactose-induced aging rats. The groups were divided into SCG (n=6), SEG (n=6), ACG (n=6), and AEG (n=6). For the inducement of aging, D-galactose was melted in physiological saline to inject the volume of 100mg/kg in the abdominal cavity. Treadmill exercise was carried out five days a week for eight weeks. It was carried out at gradual load intensity, fixing the degree of slope at 0% (For five mi- nutes after the start of the exercise: 8 m/min; the next five minutes: 11 m/min; and the last 20 minutes: 14 m/min). Using the Western blot test, the impacts on mitochondrial function-related proteins, mitophagy related proteins, and dynamics related proteins were examined. Aging has negative impacts on the mitophagy, mitochondrial function, and dynamics of the myocardium; however, it was possi- ble to obtain a result in which the mitophagy, mitochondrial function, and dynamics of the myocardium positively improved through the exercise. Through the results of this study, the aging heart had deteriorated the activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, and through this it could be noted that the mitochondrial function itself deteriorated. However, it was found that the aging heart could also make a positive contribution to the improvement of mitochondrial function through exercise.

급성 운동과 트레드밀 운동이 쥐 심장근육에서 미토콘드리아 기능과 미토파지에 미치는 영향

강은범 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2022 스포츠사이언스 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 급성 운동과 트레드밀 운동이 쥐 심장근육에서 미토콘드리아 기능과 미토파지에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 집단구분은 sedentary control group, acute endurance exercise group, chronic endurance exercise group으로 구분하였으며, AEE 그룹은 직후(AEE_0h), 1시간 후(AEE_1h), 2시간 후(AEE_2h), 3시간 후(AEE_3h)로 구분하였다. Western blot 실험을 이용하여 미토콘드리아 기능과 관련된 단백질, 미토파지 관련 단백질들의변화를 살펴보았다. 또한 심장 근섬유 내의 형태학적 변화를 확인하기 위하여 좌심실 부위를 연속관상 절편 하여 H&E 염색, 심장근의 TUNEL-양성 세포수를 확인하기 위해서 실시한 면역조직화학 실험을 실시하였다. 미토콘드리아 기능과 관련된 단백질은 각 시간대의 발현 양상은 다소 차이가 있었지만, 시간이 지날수록 관련 단백질들의 발현이 증가되는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. 단 한 차례의 운동을 통해 미토파지의 변화는 AEE_0h, AEE_1h, AEE_2h와 8주간의 운동을 실시한 CEE 그룹을 비교했을 때 Parkin, BNIP3 변인은 AEE_1h에서 증가되었지만, AEE_2h에서 감소되어 CEE 그룹과는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되는 경향이 있었다. 하지만 SQSTM1/p62, Optineurin, PINK1 변인에서 AEE_2h와 CEE 그룹에는 통계적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 미토콘드리아 기능관련 변인에서도 AEE_0h, AEE_1h 와 비교했을 때 AEE_2h와 CEE 그룹 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 증가된것으로 나타났으며, AEE_2h와 CEE 그룹에서 통계적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 H&E 염색결과를 통해 각각의 집단에서 큰 변화는 나타나지않았으며, 1회성 운동은 심장근의 구조적인 변화를 일으키지 않는다는 확인하였다. 심장근의 TUNEL-양성 세포수를 확인하기 위해서 실시한 면역조직화학법의 결과도 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 이러한 결과로 단 한 차례의 고강도 운동으로 심장근육에서의 세포사멸은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 단 한 차례의 운동으로 심장근육의 구조적 변화 혹은 세포사멸은 과도하게 유발되지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 운동으로 유발된 미토파지 현상이 미토콘드리아 기능개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

트레드밀 운동이 D-galactose로 유도된 노화 쥐의 골격근에서 미토콘드리아의 구조적 역동성에 미치는 효과

강은범 ( Kang Eun-bum ),조준용 ( Cho Joon-yong ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2021 스포츠사이언스 Vol.39 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in skeletal muscle of D-galactose-induced aging rats. Aging was induced using D-galactose treatment, and experimental groups were divided into a sham control (SC; n=7), a aging control (AC; n=7) and a aging exercise (AE; n=7) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min 8 m/min, the 5 min 11 m/min, final 20 min 14 m/min). The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks. Mitochondrial homeostasis in the skeletal muscle through treadmill exercise was confirmed by the western blot experiment to confirm the expression of mitochondrial dynamism-related proteins. Through treadmill exercise treatment, the expression of mitochondrial cleavage-related proteins (Drp1. Fis1) in the skeletal muscle of the AE group was decreased, and the expression of Mfn1 and Opa1 among the fusion-related proteins was increased. However, the Mfn2 protein did not show any difference. In conclusion, treadmill exercise is thought to have the effect of improving mitochondrial dynamics that regulates the quantity and quality of mitochondria by positively regulating the fusion and division processes for regulating mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is believed that physical activities such as treadmill exercise can effectively prevent mitochondrial deterioration in skeletal muscle that may occur during aging.

트레드밀 운동이 알츠하이머 형질전환 동물의 인지능력 및 신경영양성인자에 미치는 영향

강은범 ( Eun Bum Kang ),육현철 ( Hyun Chul Youk ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2012 스포츠사이언스 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on cognitive function and neurotrophic factor using transgenic animal model of Alzheimer’s disease(NSE/APP695sw mouse, NSE/hTau23 mouse). Subjects were divided into APP-CON (APP Control group, n=4), APP-EXE (APP Exercise group, n=4), Tau-CON (Tau Control group, n=4) and Tau-EXE (Tau Exercise group, n=4). Treadmill exercise was conducted for 12 weeks (20 cm/sec, 30 min, 3 wk; 22 cm/sec, 35 min, 3 wk; 22 cm/sec, 45 min, 3 wk; and 24 cm/sec, 50 min, 3 wk). Water Maze Test was conducted to investigate the improvement of`` cognitive ability through 12 weeks of treadmill exercise. Both NSE/APPsw transgenic mice and NSE/htau23 transgenic mice having performed treadmill exercise were found to show a statistically significant reduction in the swimming time (p=.001) and the swimming distance (p=.001). However, there was no significant difference found in the swimming speed. As a result, this study found out that treadmill exercise helped improve the cognitive ability of Alzheimer``s disease transgenic mice. Besides, through Western blot experiment, this study confirmed BDNF and NGF proteins that are neurotrophic factors. In the brain of NSE/APPsw transgenic mice and NSE/htau23 transgenic mice having performed treadmill exercise, it was found that the expression of BDNF and NGF proteins increased. Through an increase of the expression of BDNF (p=.001) and NGF (p=.001) proteins that are neurotrophic factors, this styd found out that the growth and survival of neurons increased as well. This study results indicated that regular exercise may be applied as preventive and therapeutic methods, which may positively improve Alzheimer``s disease.

트레드밀 운동이 streptozotocin 뇌실 처치로 유발된 알츠하이머 동물 모델 쥐의 신경염증과 신경세포사멸에 미치는 영향

강은범 ( Eun Bum Kang ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2015 체육과학연구 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 뇌실(intracerebroventricular; ICV)에 streptozotocin(STZ) 처치로 유도된 알츠하이머 동물 모델 쥐를 대상으로 6주간의 트레드밀 운동이 별아교세포(astrocyte)에서의 염증반응, 해마 부위에서 염증관련 단백질과 신경세포의 사멸에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험동물은 Sham-CON(n=10), ICV-STZ CON(n=10), ICV-STZ TE(n=10)로 구분하였다. 트레드밀 운동은 하루에 30분, 주5일, 6주간 실시하였다. 먼저 수중미로검사에서 ICV-STZ CON 집단은 Sham-CON 집단에 비해 원형도피대를 찾는 시간과 거리가 유의하게 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 집단에 비해 원형도피대를 찾는 시간과 거리가 유의하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 별아교세포의 marker인 신경아교원섬유성산성단백질(glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP)의 경우 ICV-STZ CON 집단은 Sham-COM 집단에 비해 발현이 증가되었지만 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 집단에 비해 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 염증반응과 관련해서 ICV-STZ CON 집단은 Sham-CON 집단에 비해 TNF-α, IL-1β, Lipocalin-2, COX-2의 발현이 증가한 것으로 나타났지만 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 집단에 비해 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 신경세포의 사멸과 관련해서 ICV-STZ CON 집단은 Sham-CON 집단에 비해 caspase-3 와 Bax의 발현이 증가하였지만, Bcl-2는 감소한 것으로 나타나 신경세포의 사멸이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 집단에 비해 신경세포의 사멸이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 실시한 트레드밀 운동은 알츠하이머 동물 모델 쥐의 인지능력 저하의 개선, 염증반응의 감소 그리고 신경세포의 사멸을 억제하는 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 트레드밀 운동과 같은 유산소 운동은 알츠하이머 질환의 증상을 개선하기 위한 효과적인 대안으로 적용될 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of 6-week treadmill exercise on inflammation and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus of intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin (STZ)-injected Alzheimer``s disease (AD) rats. The experimental animals were divided into Sham-CON group (n=10), ICV-STZ CON group (n=10) and ICV-STZ TE group (n=10). The treadmill exercise was conducted for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. First, in a water maze test, it turned out that the time and distance of finding an escape platform significantly increased in the ICV-STZ CON group as compared to those in the Sham-CON group. In contrast, it turned out that the time and distance of finding the escape platform significantly decreased in the ICV-STZ TE group in which the treadmill exercise was carried out as compared to those in the ICV-STZ CON group. The expression of marker of astrocytes, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) increased in the ICV-STZ CON group as compared to that in the Sham-COM group, but that in the ICV-STZ TE group decreased as compared to that in the ICV-STZ CON group. Regarding inflammatory reactions, it turned out that the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, Lipocalin-2 and COX-2 increased in the ICV-STZ CON group as compared to those of the Sham-CON group, but it turned out that those of the ICV-STZ TE group decreased as compared to those of the ICV-STZ CON group. Regarding neuronal cell deaths, the expressions of caspase-3 and Bax increased in the ICV-STZ CON group as compared to the Sham-CON group, but it turned out that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased, and the neuronal cell deaths increased. However, it turned out that the neuronal cell deaths decreased in the ICV-STZ TE group in which the treadmill exercise was carried out as compared to that in the ICV-STZ CON group. Therefore, it turned out that the treadmill exercise showed positive effects on improving cognitive ability by reducing inflammatory reactions and inhibiting neuronal cell deaths in the rats with AD. In other words, aerobic exercise like treadmill exercise can be applied as an effective alternative to improve symptoms of AD.

트레드밀 운동이 고지방 식이 쥐 심근세포의 미토콘드리아 역동성에 미치는 영향

강은범 ( Eun-bum Kang ),조준용 ( Joon-yong Cho ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2021 스포츠사이언스 Vol.39 No.3

Mitochondria that produce energy to keep the function of the heart normal play a very important role. Obesity is known to be indirectly linked to various heart diseases. This study would check if the improvement of obesity through physical activities could improve the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac muscles. For experimental animals, obesity was induced through a long-term high-fat diet (20 weeks). The groups were divided into ND-CON (n=7), HFD-CON (n=7), and HFD-TE (n=7) groups. Treadmill exercise was conducted 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Regarding mitochondrial homeostasis in the cardiac muscles through treadmill exercise, mitochondrial dynamics- related protein expression was checked, using a Western blot test. First, for factors related to mitochondrial fusion-related factors, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, there was a statistically significant decrease in protein expression in the HFD-CON group than in the ND-CON group. In contrast, there was a statistically significant increase in protein expression in the HFD-TE group than in the HFD-CON group. In addition, as for mitochondrial fusion-related factors, including Drp1 and Fis1, protein expression increased in the HFD-CON group than in the ND-CON group while it decreased in the HFD-TE group than in the HFD-CON group. In conclusion, obesity abnormally induces mitochondrial fusion and fission in the cardiac muscles; however, it turned out that this pathological phenomenon is improved by treadmill exercise. As a result, it is judged that it affected the positive regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, it is judged that physical activities like treadmill exercise can effectively prevent the decreased heart function induced by obesity.

트레드밀 운동이 고지방 식이 쥐의 해마에서의 소포체 스트레스와 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 영향

강은범 ( Eun Bum Kang ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of 8-week treadmill exercise on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and ER stress-related factors in hippocampal tissue with experimental animals for which obesity was induced through 20-week high-fat diet. METHODS: 20-week-old SD rats was provided high-fat diet for 20 weeks for inducing obesity. The experimental animals were divided into a Normal Diet Control Group (ND-CON, n=6), a High-Fat Diet Control Group (HFD-CON, n=6) and, a High-Fat Diet Exercise Group (HFD-EXE, n=6). The treadmill exercise was conducted, 30 minutes a day, four days a week for eight weeks. After the treadmill exercise, their weight, AUC and HOMA-IR were analyzed. ER stress-related variables (GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF6, IRE1 , eIF2, XBP-1S α α & CHOP) were analyzed using the Western blot method. RESULTS: The body weight, HOMA-IR, and expression of ER stress-related variables increased while blood glucose disposal capacity decreased in HFD-CON. However, the body weight, HOMA-IR, and ER stress-related variables decreased while blood glucose disposal capacity improved in HFD-EXE than HFD-CON. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that aerobic exercise would play positive roles in improving the imbalanced energy metabolism induced by obesity and controlling ER stress to protect against hippocampal tissue damage.

트레드밀 운동이 ICV-STZ 처치 흰쥐의 뇌 인슐린 신호전달, 포도당 대사 및 Tau 단백질 과인산화에 미치는 영향

강은범 ( Eun Bum Kang ),김창환 ( Chang Hwan Kim ),조준용 ( Joon Yong Cho ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 intracerebroventricular(ICV)에 streptozotocin(STZ) 처치로 유도된 알츠하이머 치매 흰쥐를 대상으로 6주간의 트레드밀 운동이 brain insulin signaling, 포도당 대사 및 Tau 단백질 과인산화에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 알츠하이머 질환 동물 모델을 만들기 위해 20주령의 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐의 양쪽 대뇌 뇌실에 STZ(1.5mg/kg)를 주입하였다. 이들 실험동물은 ICV-Sham(n=6), ICV-STZ CON(n=6), ICV-STZ TE(n=6)로 구분하였다. 트레드밀 운동은 하루에 30분, 주5일, 6주간 실시하였다. 트레드밀 운동 실시 전과 후에 수중미로검사(Water Maze Test)를 실시하였다. ICV-STZ CON 그룹은 ICV-Sham 그룹에 비해 탈출시간과 탈출거리가 유의하게 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 6주간 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 그룹에 비해 탈출시간과 탈출거리가 유의하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. ICV-STZ CON 그룹의 대뇌 해마에서 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 증가하고 brain insulin signaling의 활성이 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단에서 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 ICV-STZ CON 그룹에 비해 감소된 것으로 나타났으며 brain insulin signaling 관련 단백질(IR, PI3K, AKT)의 활성은 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Tau 단백질의 주요 kinase인 GSK3β의 인산화는 증가하여 활성이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 뇌 포도당 수송체인 GLUT1과 GLUT3은 해마에서 모두 발현이 감소되었지만 트레드밀 운동을 통해 포도당 이용효율이 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 트레드밀 운동을 통해 neurofibrillary tangle의 구성요소인 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 억제되었으며 인지능력이 개선되는 효과를 가져왔다. 즉 신체활동과 같은 유산소 운동은 알츠하이머 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적인 대안으로 적용될 수 있음을 의미한다. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of 6-week treadmill exercise on brain insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in Alzheimer dementia rats induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment of streptozotocin (STZ). To produce Alzheimer animal model, STZ (1.5 mg/kg) was injected in both cerebral ventricles of 20-week Sprague-Dawley rats, which were classified into ICV-Sham, ICV-STZ CON and ICV-STZ TE (treadmill exercise). Treadmill exercises were conducted for 3 0 minutes a d ay, 5 days a w eek and for the duration of 6 weeks. Water maze tests were performed before and after the treadmill exercises. Time and distance of escape significantly increased in ICV-STZ CON group compared with those in ICV-Sham group. Nevertheless, time and distance of escape significantly decreased in ICV-STZ TE group with 6-week treadmill exercise compared with those in ICV-STZ CON group. The treatment of ICV-STZ increased hyper phosphorylation of Tau protein and decreased the activity of brain insulin signaling in cerebral hippocampus of rats. Yet, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein decreased more in I CV-STZ TE group, for which treadmill exercise were administered, than in I CV-STZ C ON group while the activity of proteins related to brain insulin signaling (IR, PI3K, AKT) increased. In addition, phosphorylation of GSK3, a major kinase of Tau protein, increased which resulted in the decrease of activity. Although both GLUT1 and GLUT3, glucose transporters in brain, decreased expression in hippocampus, treadmill exercise increased utilization efficiency of glucose in the brain. Treadmill exercise suppressed hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, a component of neurofibrillary tangle, and resulted in the enhancement of perceptive ability. In conclusion, aerobic exercise can be administered as an effective alternative in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer`s disease.

L-arginine 섭취가 고강도 훈련 프로그램에 따른 카누선수의근 손상 지표, 피로 물질 및 경기력 향상에 미치는 영향

정종환,강은범,김창환 한국응용과학기술학회 2019 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage and fatigue indices and athletic performance improvement of canoe athletes after conducting a high-intensity training program. To achieve the objective, this study applied a high-intensity training program to seven high school canoe athletes. The high-intensity training program is composed of aerobic exercise sessions (twice per week; Tuesday and Thursday), anaerobic exercise sessions (three times per week; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), and flexibility exercise sessions (five times per week). During the 6 week high-intensity training program, drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was conducted in the first two weeks, wash out (two weeks) followed it, and drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was carried out again in the last two weeks. The crossover design was used for the experiment so all study subjects were assigned to either the L-arginine intake group (the treatment group) or the placebo group (the control group). Each subject ingested 3g per day. This study confirmed the significant effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, and antioxidants using blood samples. Additionally, FMD was analyzed to evaluate vascular endothelial cell functions and canoe performance was examined using the canoe ergometer. The results of this study showed that L-arginine intake did not have direct effects on the levels of ammonia, IP, and CK. The level of LDH decreased significantly more in the ARG group than in the PLA group due to L-arginine supplementation. Moreover, L-arginine supplementation did not change total NO, d-ROMs, BAP, and FMD significantly. Lastly, the results of the 500m canoe ergometer, which was conducted to evaluate the canoe performance, revealed that L-arginine did not have direct effects on total time, stroke distance, and mean velocity. However, L-arginine supplementation significantly improved muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, antioxidants, FMD, and canoe performance. Therefore, it is believed that additional studies are needed for examining the potential effects of L-arginine supplementation athletic performance enhancement. 본 연구는 L-arginine 섭취가 고강도 훈련 프로그램에 따른 카누선수의 근 손상 지표, 피로 물질 및 경기력 향상에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 고등학교 카누 선수 7명을 대상으로 고강도 훈련 프로그램을 적용하였으며, 고강도 훈련 프로그램은 주 2회의 유산소 운동(화, 목), 주 3회의 무산소 운동(월, 수, 금) 그리고 주 5회의 유연성 운동을 실시하였다. 고강도 훈련 프로그램을 진행하는 6주 과정 중에 처음 2주는 약물섭취(L-arginine or 위약)를 실시하고 다음 2주는 wash out, 그리고 마지막 2주도 약물섭취(L-arginine or 위약)를 실시하였다. 모든 연구대상자들이 L-arginine 섭취(시험군)와 위약 그룹(대조군)으로 배정되는 교차설계로 디자인하였다. L-arginine은 하루 총 3g으로 섭취하였다. 채혈을 통해 L-arginine 섭취에 따른 근 손상 지표, 피로 지표, 항산화력을 확인하였으며, 혈관내피세포기능 분석을 위해 FMD, 그리고 카누 에르고미터를 활용하여 카누 경기력을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 L-arginine 섭취에 따른 Ammonia, IP, CK의 수준의 직접적인 효과는 나타나지 않았으며, LDH의 수준은 L-arginine 섭취로 인해 PLA 그룹보다 ARG 그룹에서 더 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. L-arginine 섭취에 따른 Total NO, d-ROMs, BAP, 그리고 FMD의 수준도 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 카누 경기력 향상을 확인하기 위해 실시한 500M 카누 에르고미터 결과에서 총시간, 스트록 거리, 평균 속도 분석에서 L-arginine의 운동수행능력 향상의 직접적인 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 L-arginine 섭취로 인해 근 손상 지표, 피로 지표, 항산화력, FMD, 그리고 카누 경기력 수준이 개선되는 경향은 나타 났다. 따라서 L-arginine 섭취의 잠재적인 운동능력 향상 보조제 효과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Effects of treadmill exercise on the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress in the brains of high-fat diet fed rats

구정훈,강은범 한국운동영양학회 2019 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.23 No.1

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue and mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet (HFD). [Methods] Obesity was induced in experimental animals using high fat feed, and the experimental groups were divided into a normal diet-control (ND-CON; n=12), a high fat diet-control (HFD-CON; n=12) and a high fat diet-treadmill exercise (HFD-TE; n=12) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min at 8 m/min, then 5 min at 11 m/min, and finally 20 min at 14 m/min). We assessed weight, triglyceride (TG) concentration, total cholesterol (TC), area under the curve, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AVF/body weight. Western blotting was used to examine expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the immunoreactivity of gp91phox. [Results] Treadmill exercise effectively improved the oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, expression of mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins, and activation of NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and induced weight, blood profile, and abdominal fat loss. [Conclusion] Twenty weeks of high fat diet induced obesity, which was shown to inhibit normal mitochondria fusion and fission functions in hippocampal tissues. However, treadmill exercise was shown to have positive effects on these pathophysiological phenomena. Therefore, treadmill exercise should be considered during prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.