교통안전투자효과의 성별, 연령별 차이 분석

강수철(Kang Soo Chul),김만배(Kim Man Bae) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2011 경찰학연구 Vol.11 No.4

There are so many investment budget drafts in the filed of a road traffic safety. The three fields of them, First, traffic safety facility(Engineering), second, traffic enforcement(Enforcement), last, a traffic safety education & public relation(Education). We call it the fileds as a 3E policy for reference. The study shows that how much the investment by the 3E policy affects the traffic accidents via panel analysis. The analysis method is estimated via a panel analysis by using the local materials of 15 local governments and the annual materials from 1992 to 2007. All traffic accidents, the same investment as the dependent variable in an analysis prepared by the traffic safety education and public relation investment in facilities investment to be greater than the effects are analyzed, In addition, the apparent difference appears in the effect of Traffic Safety Investment by gender and age, and it suggests that the special investment policies need in terms of respective characteristics.

방사선 치료 관련 정보에 대안 환자의 이해정도 및 교육요구도

강수만,이철수,Kang, Soo-Man,Lee, Choul-Soo 대한방사선치료학회 2006 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to understand preliminary education. level of understanding and the degrees of educational requirement for cancer patients on radiotherapy and to present the preliminary data to development of effective and practical patients treatment programs. Based on the abovementioned results of this study. Relationship betweendegrees of knowledge and demand for educational requirement for patients who are undertaking radiotherapy could be varied with different factors such as educational background, ages, regions of treatment, experience of symptoms. In general, patients do not have enough information, on the other hand, have very high demand for educational requirement. Customized education patients by patients would not be possible in reality. However, if we could provide standard for patients and establish systematic sessions during treatment based on this study, more and better patients satisfaction and results of treatments could be achieved.

비용-편익 분석을 통한 자동과속단속시스템의 효율성 평가

강수철 ( Soo Chul Kang ),김만배 ( Man Bae Kim ),장순희 ( Soon Hee Jang ) 韓國生産性學會 2009 生産性論集 Vol.23 No.3

Effect of Steroid Hormones on Expression and Localization of Aquaporin-4, -5 and -8 Genes in Mouse Uterine Endometrium

강수만,강한승,계명찬,신현상,이지원,이성은,김문규,Kang, Soo-Man,Kang, Han-Seung,Gye, Myung-Chan,Shin, Hyeon-Sang,Lee, Ji-Won,Lee, Sung-Eun,Kim, Moon-Kyoo The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2004 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.31 No.2

연구 목적: 난소에서 분비되는 스테로이드 호르몬인 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론은 포유동물의 생식기관 발달과 정상적인 생식 기능, 수정과 배아의 착상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 에스트로젠은 자궁내액을 내강으로 분비하여 자궁부종 기작에 중요한 역할을 한다. 자궁내액은 정자의 수정능력 획득과 착상전 배아의 발달에 매우 중요하다. Aquaporin (AQP)은 막관통 물수송 단백질로서 여러 조직에 넓게 분포되어 있으며, 세포간 또는 상피세포간 물의 이동에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 자궁에서 스테로이드 호르몬에 의해 조절되는 자궁내액의 이동에 AQP 유전자가 관여하는지를 알아보았다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 난소 절제술을 시행한 생쥐에 스테로이드 호르몬을 피하주사하고 6, 12, 24시간 간격으로 자궁조직을 적출하였다. 대조군은 sesame oil만을 주사한 후 6시간째에 수획한 자궁조직을 사용하였으며, 실험군은 시간대별과 스테로이드 처리별로 채취한 자궁조직에서 역전사중합효소반응을 수행하였다. 역전사중합효소반응을 통해 막관통 단백질인 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA의 발현양상을 살펴보았다. 또한 mRNA의 위치를 살펴보기 위해 laser microdissection을 이용하여 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 자궁조직내에서의 단백질 발현 부위를 관찰하기 위해 면역조직화학염색을 실시하였다. 결 과: AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA은 프로게스테론을 처리한 군보다 에스트로젠을 처리한 군에서 많이 발현되었으며, 에스트로젠을 주사한 지 6시간째 발현정도를 대조군과 비교할 때 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA가 각각 7.9배, 2.8배, 3.8배로 나타났다. AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA는 간충조직보다 자궁내 상피조직에서 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향을 받아 발현양상의 차이가 나타났으며, 주로 에스트로젠의 영향을 받아 발현이 증가하였다. AQP-4 단백질은 에스트로젠을 24시간 처리한 후 프로게스테론을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 많이 발현되었으며, AQP-5와 -8 단백질은 에스트로젠을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 발현이 증가하였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 통해 AQP-4, -5, -8은 주로 에스트로젠에 의해 자궁내 상피세포에서 발현이 증가되는 것으로 보아 에스트로젠의 영향하에 일어나는 자궁내액의 이동으로 인한 자궁부종기작에 이동통로로서 관여하는 것으로 사료된다.

방사선치료를 받는 암 환자의 의식요구도 및 대체요법 이용실태에 관한 연구

강수만 ( Man Soo Kang ) 한국위생과학회 2009 한국위생과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

어린이 교통안전 체험교육 실시 전ㆍ후 효과분석

강수철 ( Kang Soo-chul ),김만배 ( Kim Man-bae ) 한국도로교통공단 2010 교통안전연구 Vol.29 No.-

현재 운영되고 있는 어린이 교통안전체험교육장의 교육효과를 평가하기 위해 체험교육실시 전ㆍ후의 교통안전 지식과 태도, 그리고 교육후 행동변화를 분석하였다. 우선 유치원생의 경우 실험집단 40명, 통제집단 56명에 대한 t-test 분석 결과, 교통안전 지식은 체험교육을 받은 경우와 받지 않은 경우 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 그 폭은 교통안전 체험교육을 받은 집단의 경우에서 보다 크게 나타났다. 다음으로 초등학생의 경우는 실험집단 69명, 통제집단 63명에 대한 t-test 분석결과, 초등학생들의 교통안전 지식은 체험교육으로 인해 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 이를 통한 교통행동의 변화가 어린이 교통사고 감소에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 교통안전지식이 곧 교통안전행동으로 이어지는지를 검증하기 위하여 체험교육을 받은 유치원생과 초등학생의 해당 학부모 107명에게 체험교육 후 자녀의 행동변화 정도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 부모들은 자녀들의 체험 교육 후 교통행동의 변화를 매우 긍정적인 것으로 평가하고 있었다.

Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) 시 On Board Imager를 이용한 환자 Setup Error 보정평가

강수만,Kang, Soo-Man 대한방사선치료학회 2008 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: To reduce side effects in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and to improve the quality of life of patients, also to meet accurate SETUP condition for patients, the various SETUP correction conditions were compared and evaluated by using on board imager (OBI) during the SETUP. Materials and Methods: Each 30 cases of the head, the neck, the chest, the belly, and the pelvis in 150 cases of IGRT patients was corrected after confirmation by using OBI at every 2∼3 day. Also, the difference of the SETUP through the skin-marker and the anatomic SETUP through the OBI was evaluated. Results: General SETUP errors (Transverse, Coronal, Sagittal) through the OBI at original SETUP position were Head & Neck: 1.3 mm, Brain: 2 mm, Chest: 3 mm, Abdoman: 3.7 mm, Pelvis: 4 mm. The patients with more that 3 mm in the error range were observed in the correction devices and the patient motions by confirming in treatment room. Moreover, in the case of female patients, the result came from the position of hairs during the Head & Neck, Brain tumor. Therefore, after another SETUP in each cases of over 3 mm in the error range, the treatment was carried out. Mean error values of each parts estimated after the correction were 1 mm for the head, 1.2 mm for the neck, 2.5 mm for the chest, 2.5 mm for the belly, and 2.6 mm for the pelvis. Conclusion: The result showed the correction of SETUP for each treatment through OBI is extremely difficult because of the importance of SETUP in radiation treatment. However, by establishing the average standard of the patients from this research result, the better patient satisfaction and treatment results could be obtained.

경찰의 교통안전정책 우선순위에 관한 연구

강수철 ( Kang Soo-chul ),김만배 ( Kim Man-bae ) 한국도로교통공단 2014 교통안전연구 Vol.33 No.-

Based on 2012, The social cost of the traffic accident is about 25.59 trillion won in Korea, It is about 1.9% of GDP, Approximately 10.6% of the state budget due to the social cost by the traffic accident, so it is very enormous and serious social problem. As a result, The government has propelled policy efforts to reduce the traffic accident. Also, The police has pursued to reduce road traffic accident with Enforcement, Traffic safety facility, Road safety education in the 3E policy of the traffic safety field.. However, These real policies always involve government' financial spending, Therefore, For the efficient budget execution, Beforehand, It is essential to estimate the proper budget. The evaluation of performance put into the budget for reducing traffic accident compared to needs validation causality for many years, One of these tasks is essential to scale the data. In this study, Targeting professional groups AHP structured questionnaire analysis to prioritize policy evaluation.

인체팬톰을 이용한 2D-3D 정합시 타켓위치의 정확성 평가

장은성,강수만,이철수,Jang, Eun-Sung,Kang, Soo-Man,Lee, Chul-Soo 대한방사선치료학회 2009 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare patient's body posture and its position at the time of simulation with one at the treatment room using On-board Imaging (OBI) and CT (CBCT). The detected offsets are compared with position errors of Rando Phantom that are practically applied. After that, Rando Phantom's position is selected by moving couch based on detected deviations. In addition, the errors between real measured values of Rando Phantom position and theoretical ones is compared. And we will evaluate target position's accuracy of KV X-ray imaging's 2D and CBCT's 3D one. Materials and Methods: Using the Rando Phantom (Alderson Research Laboratories Inc. Stanford. CT, USA) which simulated human body's internal structure, we will set up Rando Phantom on the treatment couch after implementing simulation and RTP according to the same ways as the real radioactive treatment. We tested Rando Phantom that are assumed to have accurate position with different 3 methods. We measured setup errors on the axis of X, Y and Z, and got mean standard deviation errors by repeating tests 10 times on each tests. Results: The difference between mean detection error and standard deviation are as follows; lateral 0.4+/-0.3 mm, longitudinal 0.6+/-0.5 mm, vertical 0.4+/-0.2 mm which all within 0~10 mm. The couch shift variable after positioning that are comparable to residual errors are 0.3+/-0.1, 0.5+/-0.1, and 0.3+/-0.1 mm. The mean detection errors by longitudinal shift between 20~40 mm are 0.4+/-0.3 in lateral, 0.6+/-0.5 in longitudinal, 0.5+/-0.3 in vertical direction. The detection errors are all within range of 0.3~0.5 mm. Residual errors are within 0.2~0.5 mm. Each values are mean values based on 3 tests. Conclusion: Phantom is based on treatment couch shift and error within the average 5mm can be gained by the diminution detected by image registration based on OBI and CBCT. Therefore, the selection of target position which depends on OBI and CBCT could be considered as useful.

호흡동조방사선 치료 시 종양 치료의 정확도 평가

장은성,강수만,이철수,강세식,Jang, Eun-Sung,Kang, Soo-Man,Lee, Chol-Soo,Kang, Se-Sik 대한방사선치료학회 2010 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of a target position at static and dynamic state by using Dynamic phantom for the difference between tumor's actual movement during respiratory gated radiation therapy and skin movement measured by RPM (Real-time Position Management). Materials and Methods: It self-produced Dynamic phantom that moves two-dimensionally to measure a tumor moved by breath. After putting marker block on dynamic phantom, it analyzed the amplitude and status change depending on respiratory time setup in advance by using RPM. It places marker block on dynamic phantom based on this result, inserts Gafchromic EBT film into the target, and investigates 5 Gy respectively at static and dynamic state. And it scanned investigated Gafchromic EBT film and analyzed dose distribution by using automatic calculation. Results: As a result of an analysis of Gafchromic EBT film's radiation amount at static and dynamic state, it could be known that dose distribution involving 90% is distributed within margin of error of 3 mm. Conclusion: As a result of an analysis of dose distribution's change depending on patient's respiratory cycle during respiratory gated radiation therapy, it is expected that the treatment would be possible within recommended margin of error at ICRP 60.