전통 유과가공공정의 분석(I): 수침 및 꽈리치기 공정

강선희,류기형,Kang, Sun-Hee,Ryu, Gi-Hyung 한국식품과학회 2002 한국식품과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

유과가공공정의 개선 및 새로운 공정개발을 위하여 전통적인 유과가공공정의 올바른 분석이 중요하다. 전통적인 유과제조 공정에서 많은 시간을 필요로 하는 수침공정과 꽈리치기 공정을 분석하였다. 찹쌀의 수침은 증자만을 고려한다면 $15^{\circ}C$에서 3일 수침으로 충분하였지만 전통유과 특유의 부드러운 조직감은 6일 이상의 수침이 필요하였다. 수침한 찹쌀의 변화를 관찰한 결과 찹쌀 과피층에 존재하는 단백질이 감소하였고 수침한 찹쌀가루의 페이스트점도는 7일 수침한 찹쌀가루가 최대점도를 나타내고 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 수침에 의한 찹쌀 전분의 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 수침공정을 통해 전분표면이 손상되었다. 수침시간의 증가와 함께 유과의 팽화도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 꽈리치기에서 수침시간이 증가할수록 기공의 크기는 감소하였으며 균일한 기공의 분포를 나타내었고 반죽에너지 투입량은 감소하였다. 전통유과의 특징인 부드러운 조직감은 수침시간의 조절뿐만 아니라 반죽에너지 투입량의 조절에 의해 조절이 가능할 수 있었다. The analysis of traditional process for a Korean puffed rice snack (Yukwa) is needed to develop an advanced process for Yukwa-making. Steeping and punching (Koarichigi) processes, consume time and labor in Yukwa-making, were analyzed on this study. Steeping of waxy rice at $15^{\circ}C$ for 3 days was required to equilibrate moisture absorption in waxy rice kernel. However, steeping for more than 6 days was required soft texture and small air cell distribution of Yukwa. Protein content at pericarp on endosperm of waxy rice kernel was decreased and starch granule was damaged during steeping. RVA paste viscosity was the highest at 6 day steeping after than decreased. Expansion ratio of Yukwa was increased with the increase in steeping time. Air bubbles in dough after punching were uniformly distributed and kneading energy input was decreased with the increase in steeping time. Soft texture, unique texture of Yukwa could be controlled by controlling steeping time and kneading energy input during punching process.

전통 유과가공공정의 분석(II): 반데기성형, 건조, 수분조절 및 부재료의 첨가

강선희,류기형,Kang, Sun-Hee,Ryu, Gi-Hyung 한국식품과학회 2002 한국식품과학회지 Vol.34 No.5

전통적인 유과제조공정에서 반데기의 성형, 건조, 수분조절과 부재료의 첨가가 유과의 특성에 미치는 영향을 결정하였다. 반데기의 숙성에 따른 반데기의 페이스트 점도는 숙성기간 2일에 최대점도 300 RVU이였고 숙성기간이 길어질수록 최대점도가 감소하였다. 수침을 거친 반데기의 기공은 내부에 균일하게 분포되어 있었으나 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따른 크기와 분포의 변화는 없었다. 전통적인 유과제조 공정으로 제조한 반데기의 최적 수분함량 $14{\sim}17%$에서 튀겼을 때 팽화도와 조직감은 좋았다. 유과원료의 부재료로 대두즙과 소주를 첨가한 찹쌀반죽으로 제조한 반데기를 튀긴 유과의 팽화도와 조직감이 우수하였다. 소주는 유과의 팽화에 영향을 미치고 대두즙은 조직감을 부드럽게 하였다. 유과(유탕팽화 펠릿)의 내부에는 큰 기공이 분포하며 외부에는 작은 기공이 세밀하게 분포되어 있었다. Effects of pelleting, drying, conditioning, and additives on the characteristics of Yukwa (fried pellet) were determined. RVA maximum paste viscosity of Bandegi (waxy rice pellet) was the highest after 2 days of moisture conditioning process, and decreased 2 days later. Air bubbles in Bandegi were distributed uniformly but were not significantly affected by conditioning time. For higher expansion and softer texture of Yukwa, the optimum moisture content of dried and conditioned Bandegi was $14{\sim}17%$. The addition of soymilk and 25% alcohol (Soju) as additives was also effective for achieving higher expansion and soft texture of Yukwa, respectively. Larger air cells were distributed in the center and smaller ones on the edge of Yukwa.

로테프레드놀과 프레드니솔론 점안제가 테논낭 섬유아세포의 증식에 미치는 영향

강선희,김재우,Sun Hee Kang,Jae Woo Kim 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

Purpose: To compare the effect of loteprednol etabonate (LE) with prednisolone acetate (PDA) drops on the proliferation of human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts (HTFBs). Methods: Primarily cultured HTFBs were treated with serially diluted PDA and LE for 3 days. Cellular survival was determined by a rapid colorimetric assay using MTT. RT-PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of TGF-β mRNA in response to LE and PDA. Results: PDA inhibited proliferation of HTCF in a dose-dependent manner and LE inhibited significantly the proliferation of HTCF at the higher concentration of 50 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Compared to LE, PDA inhibited proliferation of HTCF significantly at each diluted concentration (p < 0.05). Expressions of TGF-β were decreased as the concentration of both PDA and LE increased. PDA decreased expression of TGF-β more significantly compared to LE at each concentration (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although LE has offered promising anti-inflammatory efficacy with decreased impact on intraocular pressure, LE may be less effective than PDA in inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and may be not comparable to PDA in preventing excessive scarring after glaucoma filtering surgery.

폐기능 장애와 대사 증후군 관련성

강선희(Sun-Hee Kang),부유경(Yoo-Kyung Boo),안병기(Byung-Ki Ahn) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.11

본 연구는 심혈관 질환을 공통적으로 동반하는 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군 관계에 대한 연구이다. 이들 질환이 상호관련성이 있다는 가정 하에 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군간의 상호 관련성 여부를 확인하여 올바른 질환 관리를 위한 초석을 마련하고자 하였다. 자료는 국민건강 영양조사 자료중 2008년부터 2013년까지 6년간 자료를 통합한 53,829건에서, 폐기능 검사를 시행한 만 40세 이상으로 모든 혼란 변수를 통제한 정제된 자료 8,137명(남자, 3,951명, 여자 4,186명)의 자료를 사용하였다. 폐기능 장애는 GOLD(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)기준에 따라 폐쇄성, 제한성으로 구분하였고, 대사증후군은 개정된 NCEP-ATPⅢ(National Cholesterol Education Program-Expert Panel-Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ)기준을 사용하였다. 연관성 분석은 로지스틱 회귀분석을, 유병률은 교차 분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 연관성 분석에서 폐쇄성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보이지 않았으며 제한성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보였다. 유병률 분석에서는 폐쇄성 폐질환과 제한성 폐질환 모두 대조군보다 높은 대사증후군 유병률을 보였다. 그러나 제한성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률이 폐쇄성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률보다 더 높았다. 결론적으로 폐쇄성이 아니라 제한성 폐질환이 대사증후군과 유의한 연관성을 보였고 대사증후군 유병률도 더 높았다. This study was conducted to identify relationships between lung function disorders and Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) that have common comorbidities such as Cardio Vascular Diseases(CVD). According to the hypothesis that there may be a significant relationship between them, analyses were conducted to identify the proper management point for those diseases. Overall, 53,829 data were taken from KNHANES 2008-2013. Included data were PFT(Pulmonary Function Test) done and age over 40. All the 14 confounders applied, only 8,137 cases (M:3,951, F:4,186) were left. Low pulmonary function was divided into two categories, obstructive and restrictive patterns, based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD) criteria, while MetS was defined based on the revised NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The relationships between those diseases were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. In addition, for the prevalence rate, cross-tab analysis were conducted. There were no significant relationships observed between obstructive lung disease and MetS, but a restrictive pattern had a meaningful relationship with MetS. Specifically, MetS showed a higher prevalence rate for both obstructive and restrictive pattern patients than the control group. Restrictive pattern patients showed a higher prevalence rate to MetS than obstructive patients. Overall, restrictive lung patterns showed a meaningful association with MetS, but not with obstructive patterns. Additionally, the prevalence rate of MetS among restrictive patients was higher than among obstructive patients.

충남 일부지역 고등학생의 성별과 비만도에 따른 영양표시 이용실태

강선희 ( Sun-Hee Kang ),최미경 ( Mi-Kyeong Choi ) 대한영양사협회 2021 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrition labeling use according to the gender and obesity degree of adolescents to help choose the healthy foods and improve dietary habits. This study surveyed the perception and use of nutrition labeling among 392 male and female high school students in Chungnam. It was found that 34.7% of the subjects read the nutrition labels, mostly for health reason. Calorie content was read the most among all components of nutrition labels regardless of gender or body mass index (BMI) status, especially among female students. Perception of nutrition labeling was 3.3 out of 5 points for all students, and there was no significant difference in scores between male and female students. However, there was a significant difference between the overweight group (3.4 points), normal group (3.3 points), and underweight group (3.1 points) (P<0.05). The frequency of reading nutrition labels by food group was highest for ramen, and lowest for fruits. Female students had significantly higher scores on the use of nutrition labeling for 8 food groups out of 12 groups compared to male students (P<0.05). In addition, the overweight and above group had significantly higher scores on the use of nutrition labeling for snack food and fruits compared to other groups (P<0.05). The proportion of students who received nutrition labeling education was 29.8%, and about half of students answered that such education and advertisement were necessary. These results suggest that nutritional education is needed to promote the use of nutrition labeling in adolescents.

발달장애학생의 토요여가활동에 참여한 장애학생 당사자 및 여러 참여자들의 경험에 관한 질적 연구

강선희 ( Sun Hee Kang ),남윤석 ( Yun Sug Nam ) 한국지적장애교육학회(구 한국정신지체아교육학회) 2015 지적장애연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 발달장애학생의 토요여가활동에 참여한 장애학생 당사자와 여러 참여자(부모, 봉사자, 교사)들의 경험과 그 의미를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2010년 4월부터 2014년 10월까지 지역사회 여가활동 프로그램으로 실시한 토요여가활동에 장기적으로 참여한 발달장애학생들과 그 부모, 봉사자, 교사들과의 면담 자료와 활동 일지 등의 다양한 질적 자료를 수집하였다. 이러한 자료의 질적 분석을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애학생들에게 있어 토요여가활동은 삶을 풍요롭게 하는 경험, 다양한 배움의 기회를 제공해주는 경험, 타인과의 관계를 증진시키는 경험이었던 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애학생 부모의 입장에서 토요여가활동은 장애학생뿐만 아니라 가족 모두에게 활력을 불어 넣어주는 기회가 된 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 봉사자의 입장에서 장애학생들의 토요여가활동에 참여한 경험은 봉사를 실천했다기보다는 오히려 무엇인가를 얻게 되는 경험이었던 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교사의 입장에서 장애학생들의 토요여가활동은 체험 학습이 이루어지는 기회가 되었으며, 동시에 지역사회의 인식을 개선하는 효과적인 활동이었던 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 수행하면서 얻은 결과를 토대로 장애학생의 여가활동에 관한 몇몇 후속 연구를 제언하였다. The purpose of this study are to find out saturday leisure activities experiences and meanings of students with developmental disabilities and contributors(parent of students with developmental disabilities, volunteers, teachers). This study qualitative data were collected through interview students, parents, volunteers and teachers who participated saturday leisure activities from April 2010 to October 2014. The results of this study are as follow. Frist, saturday leisure activities provides experiences that enrich their lives, a variety of learning opportunities, and enhance the relationships for students with disabilities. Second, saturday leisure activities was an opportunity to revitalize to families as well as students with disabilities. Third, saturday leisure activities experience to get something was rather than action of service for volunteers. Fourth, saturday leisure activities was to provide experiential learning opportunities and to improve community awareness of disabilities for teachers. This study will be expected to be proceeded actively in educational practice with being a good mode of leisure education program in the future.

35세 이하 젊은 연령 유방암 환자의 예후

강선희(Sun Hee Kang),전형진(Hyeong Jin Jeon) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.72 No.2

Purpose: The peak age for breast cancer in Korea is in the fifth decade, which is younger than that of Western countries. However, controversy exists about the effect of age on the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of age on the prognosis in young breast cancer patients. Methods: Nine hundred and seventeen patients, having undergone a breast cancer operation at our hospital, between January 1990 and December 2001, were included. The patients were divided into two groups: young age (under 35 years) and old age (>35 years) groups. The factors analyzed included the tumor size, number of lymph node metastasis, stage, hormonal receptor status, c-erbB-2 status, p53 status, operation method and adjuvant therapy. These factors and the survival rates were compared between the two groups using SPSS 12.0. Results: One hundred and twenty three (13.4%) and 794 (86.6%) patients were younger than and older than 35 years, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the clinicopathological factors between the two groups, with the exception of stage. The 5 year disease free survival rates in the young and old age groups were 67.0 and 77.5%, respectively (P=0.027). When adjusted for stage, the rates for the old and young age groups in stage Ⅰ were 90.7 and 72.4%, respectively. Also, for stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ, those in the young age group had worse prognosis compared to those in the old age group. The 5 year overall survival was lower in the young age group, but with no statistical significance (P=0.108). Conclusion: The young aged breast cancer patients had a worse prognosis than the old age group. Therefore, aggressive adjuvant treatment should be considered to reduce the recurrence in young patient, despite the earlier occurrence of breast cancer.

호르몬 수용체와 임상 병리학적 예후인자와의 관계 및 예후

강선희(Sun Hee Kang),정기용(Ki-Yong Cheung),김유사(You-Sah Kim) 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.65 No.3

수침과 반죽시간이 반죽에너지 투입량과 반데기 및 유과의 성질에 미치는 영향

강선희(Sun Hee Kang),이승주(Seung Ju Lee),류기형(Gi Hyung Ryu) 한국산업식품공학회 2001 산업 식품공학 Vol.5 No.1

N/A

비정규근로자에 대한 차별적 처우의 판단기준 -비교대상기준의 선정원리를 중심으로-

강선희 ( Sun Hee Kang ) 안암법학회 2012 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.37

It has been over 4 years since non-discrimination policy towards irregular employees and discrimination correction system came into effect (2007.7). Particularly, it has been only 2 years since the coverage of act gradually expanded to every business of more than five employees by character(public sector) and scale of business according to additional clauses. The effect of Irregular Employee Act(``Irregular Employee Act`` is used as a collective term to refer to Act on the Protection etc., of Fixed-term and Part-time Employees, Act on the Protection etc., of Dispatched Workers) on correction of discrimination and wage disparity is rather unclear at current state. However, irregular employees were offered no more than 54.8% of wage regular employees got in January 2010, which shows further widened gap compared to 62.6% in August 2005. Among discrimination correction cases that National Labor Relations Commission has ruled, 43 cases were dismissed from July 2007 to end of December of 2010. Lack of comparable employees was the major cause of such dismissal(16 cases). In this context, this paper examined the standing and the role of comparable employees in judgerment of discrimination with an emphasis on selection criterion for comparable subjects. This paper also critically looks into rulings of courts and National Labor Relations Commission seeking alternative interpretation and suggests legislative improvement in case interpretation reaches limitation. Especially, non-discrimination provisions on dispatched workers seem to be ineffective in correction of discrimination due to the question of setting a subject of comparison. In regard to dispatched workers, possible amendments were suggested with reference to EU directives and legislations of other countries.