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- 저자 : 강사문(Sa Moon Kim) (검색결과 1 건)
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강사문(Sa Moon Kim) 한국기독교학회 2002 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.26 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to examine the theory and practice of war and peace in the Bible and the Koran of Islam. According to the Biblical war texts, the wars in the history of Israel can be divided into three types: the war of kings, YHWH` s war and holy war. First, the war of kings mainly is the war which has been conducted by the kings of Judah and Israel after the united kingdom of David. In fact war is a practical necessity and a function for the birth, growth and survival of the kingdom. The war of kings is interpreted as the aggressive warfare which the kings ordered for the expansion of their territories or the benefits of their nations through the military power. Second, the war of YHWH was appeared in Numbers 21:14, 1 Sam 18:17; 25:28, was the War which took place during the last period of the judges and the following formative period of the Israelite kingdom as a nation by the help of YHWH. This YHWH` s war was understood as the divine war which has taken the victories only by YHWH` s intervention and guidance in the war fields. Third, Holy war is the war which was practiced in the cultic contexts by the worshippers with confidence in the help of YHWH that had included an actualization of YHWH` s historical rule. This holy war was formulated into a scheme with a recognized set of YHWH war` s experience by the Deuteronomistic historians in the late period of Israel. In the context of the war of YHWH, the wars are understood as an instrument of God`s judgment and salvation. The Jihad of Islam, the so-called `holy war,` was also appeared in the Koran. The Jihad literally means to strive in the way of God. But it does not mean only to wage war, because there are peaceful ways to follow the way of God besides the war among the four kinds of Jihad. However, the purpose of the Jihad is to strive for the way of Allah until "dar al harb" disappears on the earth. Actually, the Jihad had been the offensive wars for the expansion of the territory of Islam rather than defense wars which appeared in the early formative period of `dar all Islam.` In this respect, there are the fundamental differences between the holy war of the Bible and the Jihad of Islam. In the contexts of the war of Kings as well as holy wars, one of the debatable issues is the theory of just war. The theorists claim that their wars are `the just war` to fight for the world peace or to expel the evil doers. Although this war was categorized as jut war, practically their wars mainly were `the conquest wars` to expand their territories or to get much interests through this war. So, in fact, the theory of just war is evaluated as "a wolf in sheep` s clothing." One of the controversies in the war of YHWH is to understand the concept of YHWH as warrior. YHWH as warrior means that the God YHWH is the lord of history who controls war with sovereign power. YHWH is understood as God who uses violence and also accepts it like crucified God in the New Testament. Furthermore, in the concept of herem, the total destruction, the basic problem is killing and cruelty. Yet, Herem indicates that it belongs to God` portion and God` s justice. It means that all those who breathe alive should be dedicated to God like burnt offering, because of His portion. In spite of constant human being`s efforts for Peace, shalom has not yet been accomplished in this world. However, the Bible teaches that the shalom is not the production of human`s efforts, but the gift of YHWH. For there is a time for peace as there is a time for war(Eccl. 3:8b). And it is outside of humans control. Therefore we need to obey the will of God for the just peacemaking and to keep his commandments given to us for just peace.
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