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姜鳳龍 서울대학교 인문대학 국사학과 1987 韓國史論 Vol.16 No.-
머리말 一. 《三國史記》에서의 「州」의 用例와 「停」 二. 「州」制의 形成 三. 「州」制의 運營 1. 小京과 「州」 2. 在地勢力의 編制 맺음말
해남 화원ㆍ산이면 일대 靑磁窯群의 계통과 조성 주체세력
姜鳳龍 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-
This study is focused on the large complex of porcelain kiln sites at Hwawon-myeon(花園面) and Sani-myeon(山二面) of Hnenam-sites presumed to have been built during the period dating from later Silla to early Goryeo. The geographical environment surrounding Hwawon-myeon and Sani-myeonincludes four tiny peninsulas, two bays and the Yeongsangang river(榮山江) ,all of which contribute to form a single marine route. The area is believed to have been an important marine port during the Silla(新羅) and Goryeo(高麗) eras. Also, the area's geological features are thought to be closely connected with the existence of the large-scale porcelain kilns discovered here. The porcelain works excavated here show the distinctive feature of typical 'early porcelain ware' with a Haemuri ("solar halo") base and no pattern. The kilns in Hwawon-myeon show an earthen structure that is uniquely Korean and comparable with brick kilns in China, and the porcelain ware found in the site display the characteristics of traditional hard pottery. The typical porcelain relics gathered here show traditional Korean techniques combined with early Chinese pottery art. While there are a number of different theories about the origin of early porcelain ware found in Hwawon-myeon, most art historians agree that it began in the early 9th century. If this theory is correct, the original builders of the kilns in Hwawon-myeon would have lived under the rule of Jang Bo-go(張保皐), a powerful Silla naval leader and one of the most influential marine traders in East Asia in the 9th century; Cheonghaejin(淸海鎭, today's Wando Island) was used as his central naval base. According1y, one can argue that Jang invited porcelain artists from China and had them work together with the local artists and laborers in Gurim-ri(鳩林里), and in such a manner finally established a huge porcelain production site in Hwawon-myeon. The porcelain ware of Sani-myeon belongs to the 'greenish blue' type. Normally, this type of crockery is characterized by the quality of its coarse earthen tile, use of greenish-blue glaze and lack of pattern. However in Sani-myeon more refined porcelains were discovered, too, that are made of better quality earth and show a variety of patterns on their surface. This demonstrates that the kilns of Sani-myeon produced refined porcelain works in the earlier stage, then gradually began to lose their original artistic vitality and, finally, output much coarser works In the later period. The transition of Sani-myeon porcelain ware from refined to coarse quality is quite remarkable. The refinement of the early greenish-blue porcelain ware in Sani-myeon forms a remarkable contrast with the coarseness of the porcelain works made in other areas at the time, and it tells us much about the genealogy of these artifacts. A probable explanation for the change is that, after the Hwawon-myeon kilns were closed, 'someone' in the l1th century founded a porcelain kiln complex to manufacture greenish-blue porcelain ware at Sani-myeon: these artisans combined the porcelain skills from Hwawon-myeon and earthenware skills from Gurim-ri. The shift of Sani-myeon porcelain from refined to coarse was caused by the foundation of a new porcelain kiln complex in the Daegu-myeon(大口面) area in the 12th century, arriving just after the Goryeo dynasty was founded. That is to say, as the Goryeo court decided to use the kilns of Daegu-myeon as its main production center, and so the Sani-myeon kilns that had produced greenish-blue porcelain works had to slowly fade away, The 'someone' who founded the Sani-myeonporcelain production site was most probably a powerful local clan.
$CO_2$ 용접의 천이이행 조건에서 스패터 발생과 파형인자와의 관계
강봉용,이창한,김희진,장희석 대한용접접합학회 1998 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.16 No.4
$CO_2$ gas shielded arc welding has been characterized with its harsh arc compared to Ar-based shielding gases and with its high level of spattere specially in welding current range of 250~300 amperes. In this range of welding current, the metal transfer mode showed to be changed from short circuit to globular with the increase of welding voltage resulting in so-called the transitional mode in which both modes of transfer appeared together. To characterize the transitional mode, the short circuit events were divided into two groups, i.e. normal short circuit (N.S.C) which has short circuit time $(t_s)$ over 2msec and instantaneous short circuit (I.S.C) of $t_s$$\leq$2msec. The experimental results showed that the number of N.S.C decreased almost linearly with the increase of welding voltage and appeared to be not related with spatter generation rate. However I.S.C became to be pronounced in the transitional condition and its number reached the maximum value at around 29.0 volts. Considering the relation with the spatter generation rate, it was found that the number of I.S.C had a very strong correlation with the spatter generation rate of the transitional condition. It was further demonstrated that spatter generation rate decreased quite linearly with the decrease of I.S.C frequency. It implies that I.S.C is the most important waveform factor controlling the spatter generation of the transitional mode, i.e. in the middle range of welding current. Based on these results, It was discussed that in the transitional mode the basic concept of waveform control for suppressing spatter generation would be different from the one applied for typical short circuit transfer mode of low welding current.
$CO_2$ 용접의 스패터 발생에 미치는 용적이행 모드의 영향
강봉용,김희진 대한용접접합학회 1997 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The spatter generation rate of GMA welding with $CO_2$ gas shielding was measured with the change of welding conditions such as wire feeding rate and welding voltage and then the results were analized with the accompanying changes in metal transfer mode and in bead geometry. The spatter generation rate (SGR) was relatively low not only wit the short circuit transfer but with the truely globular transfer mode. However, the SGR resulted with the mixed mode were consistantly high. The resultant wave pattern of mixed mode was due to the coexistance of short-circuit and globular transfer and characterized by the frequent appearance of instantaneous short circuit. Considering the result of SGR and that of bead geometry, it could be concluded that when the wire feeding rate (or welding current) was either low or high, the optimum bead shape could be obtained along with the low spatter generation. However, in the middle range of wire feeding rate, the optimum bead shape was only obtained in the mixed mode condition resulting in the high spatter generation.
강봉용,김희진 대한용접접합학회 1993 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.11 No.3
본 고에서는 폭발접합에 대한 원리, 접합계면 특성 및 접합공정에 영향을 미치는 변수들에 대하 여 기술하였다. 폭발접합은 접합장소에 대한 제약을 제외하고는 저렴한 시설 투자 및 간편한 방 법으로 고부가치의 제품을 생산할 수 있는 장점 때문에 선진 외국에서는 각종 산업분야에 필요한 제품을 생산하는데 많이 응용하고 있다. 현재 국내에서는 사용되고 있는 다양한 폭발접합제품을 전량수입에 의존하고 있는 실정이기 때문에 이를 국산화하기 위해서 폭발접합에 대한 기초적인 연구와 이의 응용에 대한 관심을 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다.