A Case of Cerebral Metastasis from Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

강관수,이정일,서연림,Kang, Kwan-Soo,Lee, Jung-Il,Suh, Yeon Lim The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.11

뇌로 전이한 악성 섬유성 조직구종 1례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 62세 남자로 다발성 전이성 뇌종양 의증하에 개두술 및 종양 제거술을 시행받았다. 술전 검사상 두개강외 원발 부위를 의심할만한 병변은 발견하지 못하였다. 수술과 전뇌 방사선 치료후 6개월째에 성장하는 우측 견부 종양이 발견되어 적출술을 시행하였다. 뇌와 견부 조직 표본에서 악성 섬유성 조직 세포종에 부합되는 일치된 병리 소견을 보였으나 GFAP-양성 세포들은 뇌병변의 조직 표본에서만 발견되었다. 이후에 발생한 척추 등의 골격계 전이성 병변에 대하여서는 고식적 방사선 치료를 행하였다. 최초 진단 후 12개월째 우측 견부 종양이 재발하여 항암 화학 치료 중이다. 이 증례에서 특이한 점은 원발 부위 발견전 전이성 뇌종양이 진단된 것인데, 악성 섬유성 조직구종으로부터 뇌로 전이한 경우가 드물거니와 특히 원발부위가 확인되기 전에 뇌로 전이한 병변이 먼저 발견된 경우는 보고된 바가 없다. 또 하나의 중요한 소견은 GFAP 발현이 뇌병변에서만 나타나며 원발부위인 견부 종양에서는 관찰되지 않은 점이다. 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에서 GFAP-양성 세포의 존재는 중요한 조직학적 특성의 하나로 알려져 있으나, 본 증례의 소견은 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 존재하는 GFAP-양성 세포들도 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 의해 이차적으로 생성된 비종양성 성상 세포들이라는 가설을 뒷받침하고 있다. This is a rare case of cerebral metastasis from malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) of the soft tissue. A 62-year-old man underwent craniotomy for resection of multiple intracerebral masses under the impression of metastatic brain tumor with unknown primary site. Preoperative investigation failed to detect any extracranial lesion. At six months after the operation and whole brain radiotherapy, right shoulder mass was detected to grow and excised. Specimen from the brain and shoulder lesions revealed identical pathological findings of malignant fibrous histiocytoma except existence of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)-positive cells only in brain lesions. Palliative radiotherapy was performed for subsequently developing metastatic lesions in skeletal system. At twelve months after initial diagnosis recurrent lesion at right shoulder was detected and chemotherapy is given. This case is unique because metastatic brain lesion from MFH is rare and also cerebral metastasis as an initial manifestaion of MFH has not been reported before. Another important finding is that there was expression of GFAP only in brain lesions but not in extracranial primary site lesion. Although the presence of GFAP-positive cells is thought as one of characteristic histological findings of primary intracrainal MFH, our observation supports the hypothesis that GFAP-positive cells in primary intracranial MFH may be nonneoplastic astrocytes secondarily involved by MFH.

『작은 여우들』에 나타나는 멜로드라마의 정치학

강관수 ( Kang Kwansoo ) 대한영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학연구 Vol.40 No.2

American South becomes industrialized and drastically changed in the 1900s, and The Little Foxes portrays this change in a melodramatic way. In The Little Foxes, there is a melodramatic polarization of good and evil, which shows the fierce conflicts and the power games between the predatory capitalists and the liberal humanists. The predatory capitalists are portrayed as the melodramatic villains in this work. The Little Foxes focuses on these capitalists' rise to power and their insatiable greeds. “Little foxes” is a metaphor for the predatory capitalists who destroy the harmonious community to satisfy their greed. In order to protect the harmonious community from these predators, the liberal humanists fight against them. Hellman shows a power game between these two groups in a melodramatic way, but she actively use melodramatic methods to show the social realities in the 1900s. Her melodrama cannot be divorced from a realistic representation of the world. The divided groups are the political and social forces in the real world. (Shingyeong University)

『우편배달부는 벨을 두 번 울린다』

강관수(Kang, Kwan-Soo),윤천기(Yun, Cheon-Gie) 신영어영문학회 2014 신영어영문학 Vol.59 No.-

Cain’s The Postman Always Rings Twice is a product of the Great Depression, and Garnet’s The Postman Always Rings Twice is that of a post-war conservative American society. Cain’s hardboiled novel and Garnet’s film noir have the same plot, but there are subtle differences in their details. These details show two perspectives toward American society and American culture. Cain’s novel focuses on the failure of an effort to find happiness, which is determined by an evitable destiny. But “crime and punishment” is emphasized in Garnet’s film. Hardboiled novel is a subversive genre, and it attacks the rotten and materialistic capitalist system. But the background of the film noir is a conservative American society. This era is characterized by an elevation of woman’s status, which disturbs a male-dominated order. In a film, Femme Fatale’s sexual attraction leads a male hero to crime and death. The film is a story of crime and punishment. In a nutshell, Cain’s novel shows the tragic world derived from the corrupted capitalism while Garnet’s film shows that of the retribution for a crime in opulent American society.

『골든보이』에 나타나는 꿈과 경쟁의 문제

강관수 ( Kang Kwansoo ) 대한영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학연구 Vol.38 No.2

The dream of success and competition were the popular ideas praised by Americans in the 1920s. But with the Great Depression, many people came to doubt these values, and Odets was among them. Odets thinks vehement competition is a war between people without harmony. Everybody wages war against everybody in this competitive society. Square boxing ring is a good metaphor for this competitive society. Odets thinks success and rising to the top is not a moral success, but a moral degeneration. In Golden Boy, Joe’s success as a boxer is gained at the sacrifice of other people, and capitalism is equated with the gangster world. Odets criticizes the system of competition and a false dream of success, but he doesn’t raise his voice against the competitive social system. Odets doesn’t fight against social wrongs, but wants to go back to the good old days prior to a competitive capitalist society. Unlike his other plays, Odets only shows pathos and tragic feelings. (Shingyeong University)

TiN 및 DLC 코팅된 척추용 나사못 시스템 Rod의 기계적 특성 분석

강관수(Kwan-Su Kang),정태곤(Tae-Gon Jung),양재웅(Jae-Woong Yang),우수헌(Su-Heon Woo),박태현(Tea-Hyun Park),정용훈(Yong-Hoon Jeong) 한국표면공학회 2017 한국표면공학회지 Vol.50 No.3

In this study, surface morphology and mechanical property of TiN and DLC coated pedicle screw have been investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, vickers hardness test, axial gripping, and axial torsional gripping capacity test. From the EDS and XRD results, the composition and crystal structure of TiN and DLC coated surface were verified. The hardness value was increased by TIN and DLC coating, and the DLC coating surface has the highest value. The gripping capacity also showed higher value for TiN and DLC coated specimen than that of non-coated (Ti alloy) surface. The surface morphology of gripping tested specimen showed rougher scratched surface from Ti alloy than TiN and DLC coated layer.

클리포드 오데츠의 Paradise Lost

강관수(Kang, Kwan Soo) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2005 현대영미드라마 Vol.18 No.3

TiN 및 DLC 코팅된 척추경나사못시스템 수술기구의 기계적 안정성 분석

강관수(Kwan-Su Kang),정태곤(Tae-Gon Jung),양재웅(Jae-Woong Yang),우수헌(Su-Heon Woo),박태현(Tea-Hyun Park),정용훈(Yong-Hoon Jeong) 한국표면공학회 2019 한국표면공학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Durability of instrument is one of the most important factor to ensure accurate treatment and decrease failure for the orthopedic surgical operation. Normally, a set-screw driver tip has been processed with hard coating for their higher durability and wear resistance. And several surface modification methods were obtained such as titanium nitride (TiN) coating, diamond like carbon coating, other nitriding, and etc. In this study, we have surface modified on set-screw driver tip with TiN and DLC, investigated whether the TiN and DLC coatings affect the mechanical properties and durability of the set-screw driver tip in the pedicle screw system. The surface morphologies were observed with scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), and the static/dynamic torsional properties were investigated with universal testing machine based on ASTM F543. Coating thickness of each coatings were commonly around 1oC. Static torsional stiffness, and ultimate torque values for DLC and TiN coated samples were significantly higher than those of non-coated sample by the pared T-test. Surface morphology of after the dynamic torsional test was more clean with less scratch or friction traces from DLC coating than that of TiN coating and non-coated sample.

『주홍색 연구』: 낭만적 범죄자의 불법화와 추리소설의 탄생

강관수(Kang, Kwansoo),윤천기(Yun, Cheongie) 신영어영문학회 2020 신영어영문학 Vol.77 No.-

Before a detective novel appeared, the voices of criminals were allowed. In the folktales and literary works, romantic offenders were praised as the heroes who rose against the ruthless rulers. However, they began to be perceived as a threat to a society as capitalism and the private property system were established. With the development of the capitalist society, they became criminals, and simultaneously a detective fiction was born. The important thing in the birth of a detective novel is that the public’s feeling of empathy goes not to transgressing romantic criminals, but to the detectives. This article focuses on the process of romantic criminals becoming illegal in A Study in Scarlet. In this work, a detective’s search for the murderer is seen as an act of practicing justice and a revenge for a lover’s death is a crime who violates the law. In doing so, a legal order is established and a criminal voice is oppressed and illegalized.

릴리안 헬만의 연극과 위협의 정치학

강관수 ( Kang Kwan-soo ) 대한영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학연구 Vol.30 No.1

Lillian Hellman is considered as an ideal woman for many feminists and many liberalists. Her courage against McCarthyism makes her famous, but her works are underrated for their melodramatic elements. According to the traditional view, melodrama is considered inferior as compared with tragedy and realistic drama. Melodrama exaggerates the characters and the events in the play, so people think it does not reflect reality correctly. But this traditional opinion is blind to melodramatic imagination through which the fears and the desires of people are revealed without any coverage. In the melodramatic narrative structure, menace is indispensible. Unlike many traditional melodramas, Hellman's works connect menace with political and social situations. Menace in Hellman's plays is not a dramatic technique without any connection to politics. Hellman thinks there is a struggle between good and evil in our real life. Fascists, McCarthists and many conservative capitalists are the menace to the harmonious community. Hellman's representation of villains provoked conservative critics and aroused much reaction among the audience. The Great Depression is the most influential element in her works, and it has the deep influence upon Hellman. This event is a true threat to the happy lives of the common people, so it awakens her social and political responsibility. In her work, she directly deals with the Great Depression and investigates it's origins and effects. According to Hellman, the Great Depression is the beginning point of the breakdown of the harmonious world, which villains destroys for their own greed. She tries to rewrite American history from the view point of a progressive liberal. In her liberal perspective, many rich men's greed and their will to power are the true menace to American democracy. < Seonam University >

Another Part of the Forest에 나타나는 아버지 살해의 정치학

강관수(Kang Kwan-soo) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2008 현대영미드라마 Vol.21 No.3