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韓淸貿易의 展開와 그 特質에 대한 考察 : 1899年 韓淸通商條約을 中心으로
金蓍培 동국대학교 경주대학 1992 東國論集 Vol.11 No.-
This thesis examines the development and characteristics of Korea-China trade between Sino-Japan War(1894) and Russo-Japan War(1905), with the analysis of the effect of Korea-China Trade Treaty in 1899 upon the development of trade between both countrise. Korea concluded the trade treaty with the United States in 1882 which guaranteed her the right to levy the duty on the exported goods, though the treaty was unilateral and low-rate one. Korea also established the modern trade relationship with China, which insisted on the suzerainty over her, through the Commerce and Concluding Korea and China Chapter of Land and Marine Trade in 1882. And Japan was forced to amend the unequal trade treaty with Korea of the past, concluding with her Korea-Japan Trade Treaty and Custom Regulations in 1883 which recognized her independent right of customs. Under the treaties, China and Japan engaged a fierce trade war over Korea during 1882 and 1893. At the time, China was at the stage of intermediary trade as she was less developed economically than Japan who was at the stage of direct trade due to the newly began industrialization. While Japan continued to enjoy the privilege of monopoly in import in her trade with Korea, she was in fierce competition with China in export. Thus Japan revealed her desire to maintain the political and military predominance in Korea, for it was the only way to guarrantee the piratical trade, ie. the resources of primary wealth. The Sino-Japan War was originated from their rivalry in trade over Korea. After the war, which was a stepping stone for the formation of imperial oversea market, Japan overcame China and Korea politically and militarily and stregthened her economic invasion. The war brought the tremendous change of balance of China and Japan over Korea not only in politics and military but also in trade. After the war, Japan occupied a monopolistic position in trade with Korea and proceeded to control the inland commerce. As a result, Korea-China trade was damaged greatly and they concluded the modern Korea-China Trade Treaty to solve the problems arose during the process. The Treaty was quite modern and radically different from the Commerce and Concluding Korea and China Chapter of Land and Marine Trade in 1882. The Treaty involved the articles more profitable for Korea, such as the official recognition of Korean trader's commercial transaction in Chinese territory, the extraterritoriality, and the right of levy of customs. However, Korea could not make most of the rights guarranted in the Treaty, since Korean economy was under the direct influence of Japanese capitalism which used the development of Korea-China trade after the Treaty for the base for its invasion into Chinese market. In dffect, the Korea-China Trade Treaty worked against the both countries concerned, while it worked favorably for Japan as the international situation in the Far East at the time developed faborably for Japan. In short, Sino-Japan War was the war of aggression for the formation of imperialistic market by Japan and Korea-China trade after the war served only for the colonization of Korea.