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김영봉 국제언어인문학회 2012 인문언어 Vol.14 No.2
Classical Chinese poetry (漢詩) is the essence of Chinese literature. In the ancient period the intellectuals in East Asia were all poets. The people learned how to express through poetry their public or private experiences as well as their personal feelings throughout their lives. Musicality is the principal factor among aesthetic features of Classical Chinese poetry. Being originated along with music, Classical Chinese poetry was actually a lyric and kept its musical character even after its separation from music in the later period. Hence it has become a tradition to recite a poem like singing a song with a certain tune. Classical Chinese poetry also has a strong picturesque feature. Popular Classical Chinese poetry used to be adopted as a picture by many intellectuals who also utilized picturesque forms in poetic forms. Wang Wei (王維), a famous poet and painter of the Tang dynasty, had a great impact on this practice. Another characteristic feature of Classical Chinese poetry is that techniques of comparison and symbolism has been remarkably developed. Classical Chinese poetry used to have codified devices for various rhetorics. This partly makes it difficult to understand Classical Chinese poetry, but such a factor exhibits excellent connotation. One of the important aesthetic essence of Classical Chinese Poetry is symmetry by parallelism. As Chinese characters have multiple meanings in a word, Classical Chinese poetry could have expressed multiple connotations using this device. In this case, one has to understand both meanings to figure out various intentions of a poet. It is Hoimunsi (廻文詩) that dramatizes this kind of multiple connotations of Classical Chinese poetry. A poem could be appropriately appreciated when one reads it from various perspectives. Despite its significance in the Chinese literature, Classical Chinese poetry has attracted less attention even from scholars majoring in Classical Chinese poetry. It is thus urgent to place special stress on the Classical Chinese poetry in the Chinese Character education.
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김영봉 경상국립대학교 경남문화연구원 2015 남명학연구 Vol.47 No.-
In the East literature, there is a common use, “the poem is the person.” Thoughts, emotions, and personality of writer are reflected in the writer’s works. Jin-am, Lee byung-hun(1870-1940) is well known for the reformation theory of Confucianism and the movement of the religious of Confucius. At the same time, he was a poet who wrote more than 600 poetries. Even though his thoughts and studies have been studied in the past, his poetry has not been studied yet. To understand the characteristic of Lee Byung-hun comprehensively, his poetry must be researched and studied. Through the analysis of Lee Byung-hun’s poetry, this paper exposes the appearance of him as a poet and ascertains his literary accomplishment. There are three kinds of thematic consciousness. First is an unfortunate feeling, and it came from the thought when Lee Byung-hun felt he was not accepted by the world. Second is patriotism; he lived during the time when Korea was taken over by the Japanese. Last is implementing the Confucianism on his poetry as a Confucian. There are two literature characteristics on his style. First, Lee Byung-hun felt depression and indignation while he was living in dark time. Second, he felt purity and refinement through rigorous training as a Confucian. Depression and indignant are acquired characters which are reflected in time period while purity and refinement are natural characters and those are shown on his lyric poetry. 동양의 문학계에서는 옛날부터 “시는 그 사람과 같다”는 말이 통용되었다. 작가의 사상, 감정은 물론이고 그 사람의 인격까지 그의 작품에 반영되는 것으로 인식한 것이다. 진암 이병헌(1870-1940)은 유교 개혁론이나 공자교 운동으로 널리 알려진 인물이다. 그러나 그는 600여 수가 넘는 시를 남긴 시인기이도 하다. 그의 사상과 학문에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌지만 그의 문학에 대해서는 아직 전혀 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 이병헌의 종합적인 성격을 이해하기 위해서는 시 작품에 대한 연구를 빠뜨려서는 안 된다. 이 글은 그러한 문제점을 해소하기 위해 그의 시집에 실린 작품의 연구를 통해 시인으로서의 면모를 드러내었다. 이를 위해 그의 시에 나타난 주제 의식의 분석을 통해 작품 전반적인 성격을 규명하였으며, 시의 풍격을 고찰함으로써 시인으로서의 문예적 성취를 확인하였다. 주제 의식은 크게 세 가지로 나타난다. 첫째는 자신이 세상에 받아들여지지 못하여 느끼는 불운한 감정인 身世之感, 둘째는 일본에 나라를 빼앗긴 시기를 살아가면서 견지한 우국 정신, 셋째는 유학자로서 유교 정신을 작품에 구현하는 것이다. 풍격에 드러난 문예미의 특질은 크게 두 가지로 나타난다. 첫째는 암울한 시기를 살아가면서 느낀 幽鬱과 慷慨이고, 둘째는 철저한 수양을 거친 유학자로서 가지고 있는 平淡과 典雅이다. 유울과 강개는 시대적 상황에 따른 후천적인 풍격이고, 평담과 전아는 서정시에서 주로 나타나는데 이는 선천적인 성격을 반영한 것으로 파악된다.
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김영봉(KIm Young-bong) 한국언어문학회 2005 한국언어문학 Vol.54 No.-
Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry' is a concept that especially designates the Chinese poetry, which has the main subject of embodying the spirit of the way for the Confucianism. In terms of Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry, a great number of works can be understood a meaning without such a big difficulty, but given some works, there is also a case that is hard to be understood at all only by the contents of a letter. Like this, what experiences the difficulty sometimes in understanding Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry is attributable mainly to a method that expresses the main subject. A method of expressing the main subject in Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry, can be mostly classified by about three kinds. It comprises, first, the indicative mood that expresses a thing as it is, second, a metaphor that indirectly expresses compared with a different thing or phenomenon, and third, symbolism that expresses by quoting a completely different thing, with hiding the original conception. What makes Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry difficult to be understood, corresponds to a case when especially having used symbolism. That is because of representing the high-level spiritual world with the highly symbolized expression. As much as a method of expressing the main subject by a symbol, is difficult for the interpretation of 'symbol,' it is not easy to find out the main subject only with the poetry itself. A great number of works have even a case that needs to grasp the main subject by what about a writer's inclination. Namely, it needs to be applied a method of 'historical-biographical criticism.' The evaluation of Yeom Rak-pung's Chinese poetry is largely crossed the sight of affirmation and contradiction. What sees the value negatively, seems to be just attributable to paying attention only to the indicative mood among methods of expressing the main subject. It is because, given the indicative mood, there are many cases that indicatively express instruction as if having moved one phrase in the sacred book. However, in case of a work that used the technique of a metaphor and a symbol, it is equipped with higher-level beauty of poetic expression, thus it is not the nature that simply lowers its value. Particularly, in case of having expressed the main subject with the technique of a symbol, it is fully succeeding even in achieving the beauty of poetic expression with the higher-level rhetorical technique as well as being faithful to a Confucianist's inborn function that the poetry needs to contribute to the enlightenment of world.
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동해연안 남북접경지역에서의 교류협력사업 선정 및 파급효과 분석
김영봉,이승복,김은정,김갑성 한국지역학회 2009 지역연구 Vol.25 No.4
The purpose of this study is to select a number of inter-Korean collaborative projects and analyze their ripple effects in an effort to activate the inter-Korean collaborative projects executed in the borderland of the two Koreas. The spatial range includes the borderland next to the East Sea coastal area within Gangwon-do of both Koreas and the surrounding waters. To analyze the priorities among the projects, the composite weight was calculated through the AHP method. The selected priority projects included the Mt. Seorak and Mt. Geumgang tours, road and railway installations and joint services, exploration of main tourist attractions, support of infrastructure, the opening of Northeast Asian distribution routes, joint natural disaster preventive efforts, and the creation of green ecological environments in the DMZ. According to the results of the economic effects of the Mt. Seorak and Mt. Geumgang tours, the production encouragement effect is expected to amount to 1.556 trillion won for South Korea, 863 billion won for North Korea, and 1.9 trillion won for Gangwon-do. The value added inducement effect will be 868 billion won, 710 billion won, and 938 billion won, respectively. In terms of employment creation, the anticipated impacts are 238,000 persons, 126,000 persons, and 186,000 persons, respectively. 본 연구는 남북한 교류협력사업의 활성화와 협력기반의 구축을 위한 동해연안에서의 협력사업 선정 및 파급효과 분석에 그 목적을 두고 있다. 공간적 범위는 동해연안 남북 강원도 지역과 주변해역으로 설정하였다. 연구의 방법으로 AHP 기법을 이용하여 교류협력사업의 우선순위를 도출하고, 시범사업의 경제적 파급효과를 예측하였다. 우선순위 사업으로는 설악산․금강산 관광연계사업, 도로ㆍ철도시설 설치 및 공동이용사업, 문화유적지 등 주요관광지 탐사사업, 항만 등 기반시설 지원사업, 동북아 물류 항로 개설사업, 화재 및 홍수 등 자연재해 공동대처사업, 비무장지대 내 녹색생태환경 조성사업 등이 선정되었다. 최우선순위 사업인 금강․설악산 연계관광의 파급효과는 생산유발효과의 경우 남한 약 1조5560억원, 북한 8630억원, 남북 강원도 1조900억원 수준이다. 부가가치유발효과는 남한 8680억원, 북한 7100억원, 남북 강원도 9380억원으로 나타났다. 고용유발효과는 남한 238천명, 북한 126천명, 남북 강원도 186천명 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다.
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