솔-젤법에 의한 강유전성 PZT 박막의 제조;(II) 치밀화 및 결정화에 미치는 촉매의 영향

김병호,박성호,김병호 한국세라믹학회 1995 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.32 No.7

Sol-Gel derived ferroelectric PZT thin films were fabricated on ITO/Glass and Si/SiO2 substrates. In order to investigate the effect of catalysts on the densification and crystallization of PZT thin films, a nitric acid or ammonium hydroxide was added to the PZT stock solution at the state of partial hydrolysis reaction. The measured pH for a stable PZT sol was 5.2~9.3. In case of an acid-catalyzed PZT sol, a highly condensed particulate PZT sol was formed by accelerating the hydrolysis reaction. But weakly branched polymeric PZT sol was formed with a base-catalyzed condition. The difference in densification behavior was not found in the pH range of added catalyst, but the refractive index of PZT thin film was increased rapidly as the annealing temperature increased. The PZT thin film annealed at 54$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min was fully densified and its refractive index was above 2.4. When the annealing temperature increased, the transition from the pyrochlore phase to perovskite appeared at 54$0^{\circ}C$. The base-catalyzed PZT thin film suppressed to form the pyrochlore phase and proceeded effectively to convert the perovskite phase. This was due to the formation of polymeric molecular structure by controlling the hydrolysis and condensation reaction through the additiion of the ammonium hydroxide.

솔-젤법에 의한 강유전성 PZT 박막의 제조;(III) 급속열처리방법이 미세구조 및 유전특성에 미치는 영향

김병호,박성호,김병호 한국세라믹학회 1995 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.32 No.8

Sol-Gel derived ferroelectric PZT thin films were fabricated on ITO/Glass substrate. Two kinds of rapid thermal annealing methods, R-I (six times of intermediate and final annealing) and R-II (one final annealing after six times of intermediate annealing) were used for preparation of multi-coated PZT thin films. 2500$\AA$-thick PZT thin films were obtained by the R-I and R-II methods and characterized by microstructure and dielectric properties. In case of using R-II, the microstructure was finer than that of R-I and there was no distinguishable difference in dielectric properties of PZT thin films between the R-I and R-II methods. But dielectric properties were enhanced by increasing perovskite phase fraction with increasing annealing temperature. Measured dielectric constant of PZT thin film annealed at 62$0^{\circ}C$ using the R-I method was 256 at 1kHz. Its remanant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were 14.4$\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 64kV/cm, respectively.

중산층 개념을 둘러싼 담론 - 신중산층 “봉급고용인” 의 사례를 중심으로 -

김병호 한국독일사학회 2017 독일연구 Vol.- No.34

The social stratification with status groups in Weberian view stands in strong contrast to the Marxian view of and prediction for a two-classes-society. The latter characterizes Western (Anglo-French) Europe in a period of rapid industrialization, while the former stands for the Austro-German society with pre-industrial status-oriented Stand, which persisted in the Middle Europe. The Mittelstandspolitk targets Middle classes/Mittelstände - old Mittelstand and new Mittelstand -, so as to keep them from being marginalized between bourgeoisie and proletariat. The Austrian “Law on Pension Insurance for the Salaried Employees” of December 16, 1906 (Gesetz, betreffend die Pensionsversicherung der in privaten Diensten und einiger öffentlichen Angestellten, RGBl. Nr. 1 ex 1907) was a part of a new Mittelstandpolitik, meeting the demand from Salaried Employees ("Angestellter") for their own pension system, based on the self-consciousness that their work should be similar to public officers'. The Austrian law tried to define the Salaried Employees ("Angestellter") in legal terms and to delineate the categories of Salaried Employees, emphasizing the characteristics of them as salary-employees with mental work. The general social term „Angestellter“ in traditional German language, became a legal term with the Austrian law, which combined the Salaried Employees in private services and in some official sectors ("in privaten Diensten und einiger öffentlichen") as Angestelle. The Austrian Law found such a vivid resonance in Germany, as to lead to the German "Law on Pension Insurance for Salaried Employees" (Versicherungsgesetz für Angestellte) of December 20, 1911. The German law officially coined the legal term of Angestellte, Salaried Employees. Thus the traditional social term Angestellte turned into a legal term with cash value in the Middle Europe. In contrast to the Austrian law, the German law fell short of providing for any definition of the term Angestellte in a positive way, but only in a negative way, pointing at "higher" or "leading" characteristics of their work, which could separate them from ordinary wage workers, Arbeiter. As a part of the Mittelstandspolitk to boost Salaried Employees and consolidate them into a "new" Mittelstand, the Austro-German laws were intended to drive a wedge between Angestellte and Arbeiter (Wage Earners), to separate one from another in a far-fetched way. The Austro-German laws betray the state-level manipulation of social status symbols, targeting at status-minded groups like Angestellte. Reflecting on 18-years of history of legislation in Austria and furthermore 5 years in Germany for positioning the Salaried Employees ("Angestellter") into a "new" Mittelstand, this paper is intended to address a deficit in the academic discourse, pondering on the usefulness and consistency of the term of Jungsancheung Korean equivalent of Mittelstand, without due consideration of socio-historical context of the term of Mittelstand, an unique concept to Austro-German societies. 오늘날 우리는 중산층이라는 용어를 폭넓게 사용한다. 때로는 정책적인 함의를 가진 용어로도 등장된다. 중산층은 마르크스의 부르주아-프롤레타리아의 2계급 사회로 경제적인 측면에 주안을 둔 계급적 구분에 대해 베버가 사회적 위신과 같은 주관적 요소를 포함시켜 살펴보아야 한다는 대안적인 중간계급․계층의 개념이다. 독일어권의 원래의 “미텔슈탄트”(Mittelstand, “중산층”)에 대해 그 역사적인 사례를 중심으로 살펴본다. 비록 이 글에서 “중산층” 전반을 다루지는 않지만, 그 일부로서 산업화의 진전에 따라 점점 그 비중이 커져가며 중산층의 핵심을 이루게된다는 - 화이트칼라 (White Collar)로 영미권에 알려진 - 오스트리아와 독일의 봉급고용인(Angestellter)을 다르며, 그들을 ‘신’중산층으로 자리매김한 사례를 중심으로 살펴본다. 이 두 나라에서의 1906년과 1911년의 “봉급고용인연금보험법” 입법을 둘러싼 중산층 담론에서 봉급고용인을 ‘신’중산층으로 자리매김하는 신분사회적 ‘상징조작’이 이루어진 점에서는 중산층 개념이 개방적이라고 할 수 있지만, 다른 한편으로는 오스트리아에서 18년 그리고 독일에서 5년이나 걸린 긴 과정을 거쳐 ‘법적으로’ 이러한 자리매김이 이루어진 점에서는 “중산층” 개념이 마냥 개방적이지는 않다는 것을 알 수 있다. “중산층” 용어 사용에 있어서 보다 조심스럽고 중산층의 용어의 일관성과 유용성이 견지될 수 있기를 바라며 , 또 다른 한편으로는 다른 역사적인 사례 연구들로 중산층 담론이 풍부해지기를 바라는 취지의 글이다.

P.S.D 시공중 케이싱 과도 변형 사례

김병호,양태선 한국지반공학회 2005 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.21 No.12

전단철근으로 보강된 과대철근 보의 역학적 특성 ( Mechanical Characteristics of Over-Reinforced Concrete Beams Confined by Shear Reinforcement )

김병호,기진호,고유신,양근혁,은희창,서일교 대한건축학회 2000 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.16 No.11

염증성 국소 췌장 종괴 3예

김병호,이정일,장린,민영일,장영운,안재형 대한소화기내시경학회 1988 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.8 No.1

When ultrasound or computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrate a focal mass within the pancreas, the radiologist or gastroenterologist assumes that it is carcinoma. Statistically this is the correct diagnosis. However, distinguishing pancreatitis from carcinoma by ultrasound and CT is occassionally impossible. Similarly, abnormalities seen on ERCP, such as simultaneous obstruction of both the common bile duct and adjacent pancreatic duct (double duct sign), has been shown to occur in pancreatitis as well as in the more commonly diagnosed pancreatic carcinoma. We experienced 3 cases af focal pancreatic masses that mistaken a carcinoma. And so, knowledge that such a mass can be benign in a clinical setting sbould result in an organiged approach to the correct diagnosis and avoidance of any unnecessary operations.

비스(베타-디케토네이토)옥소바나듐(IV)착물에서의 옥소산소원자의 탈산소화반응에 관한 반응속도론적 연구

김병호,정우식,Kim, Byeong Ho,Jeong, U Sik 대한화학회 1994 대한화학회지 Vol.38 No.7

우리나라 비상장기업에 대한 가치평가방법 연구*-이론 및 사례 연구를 통한 ?상속세및증여세법? 분석-

김병호 한국회계정보학회 2007 회계정보연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study investigates the valuation methods of non-traded firms. This study finds out drawbacks of the current valuation methods contained in Korean tax laws and makes a few suggestions for improving them. Academic valuation methods investigated in this study comprises of asset based valuation, multiple based valuation, capitalized excess earnings method, and discounted cash flow analysis. Interviews were conducted with 3 practitioners. Two practitioners whose main purpose for evaluating the value of non-traded firms is for tax purpose, favor the discounted cash flow analysis, although only one of them makes a multiple based valuation as well. The third practitioner whose main purpose is direct investment in the non-traded firms favour multiple valuation method. It seems that it believes that the discounted cash flow analysis contains too many subjective judgments. This study investigates Korean tax systems regarding evaluating non-traded firms. A few serious problems in discounted cash flow method adopted in the Korean tax law were found. Specifically, Korean tax law uses past three years' net income as a proxy for the future cash flows. However, the future expected cash flows should be used for the valuation for the unlisted firms instead of the past earnings. Also this study pointed problems in calculation of the discount rates and the way for calculating liquidation value. In addition this study suggests that multiple methods should be included as one alternative for evaluating non-traded firms. 본 연구에서는 비상장기업에 대한 평가방법을 이론 및 사례를 통하여 분석하고, 현행 상속세및증여세법상에서의 비상장주식 평가방법에 대하여 분석하였다. 이제까지의 많은 연구들은 상속증여세법상에서의 측정결과와 이 방법을 일부 개선한 새로운 방법에 의한 측정 결과를 비교함으로써 그 우위를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 포괄적인 이론적 분석을 통하여 다양한 개선방법을 제시하고 있다. 현행 상속세및증여세법에서는 순손익가치와 순자산가치를 3:2의 비율로 가중 평균하는 방식을 원칙으로 제시하고 있다(기업규모와 기업 특성에 따라 일부 예외규정이 적용됨). 그러나 이러한 방법은 어떠한 이론에 근거하지 않고 있는 절충형 방식으로서 많은 부분에서 개선이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 상속세및증여세법상에서의 순손익가치는 일종의 유사 미래현금흐름의 현재가치방법으로서 현금흐름의 측정을 포함하여 많은 부분에서 개선되어야할 내용이 많이 존재한다. 또한 상속세및증여세법상에서의 순자산가치는 진정한 순자산가치의 의미보다는 일종의 청산가치에 근접하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시된 내용으로는 순손익가치의 측정에서 현금흐름의 추정방법의 개선, 할인율 추정방법의 개선, 자산가치 추정방법의 개선, 승수에 기초한 추정방법의 도입 등이 포함되어 있다. 우리나라의 자본시장규모는 2006년 말 현재 거래소와 KOSDAQ을 합한 주식시장 총시가총액은 약 8300억 달러에 이르며, 전세계 주식시장 시가총액의 1.8%가량을 차지하고 있다. 또한 최근 국제회계기준(IFRS)에 기초한 회계기준의 개정을 통하여 회계의 투명성 및 신뢰성가 증대되었다. 따라서 비상장주식의 평가에 있어서 과거에 적용시키지 못하였던 선진 평가방법의 도입이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

옹벽형 교량의 뒷채움 재료 변화

김병호 한국지반공학회 2005 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.21 No.11

2P-101 : 열복합모드하에서 열전대에의한 측정온도의 이론적 분석

김병호,정지영,김태준,정경채,한도희,허선 한국공업화학회 2003 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2003 No.-