의료기기의 결함과 제조물책임

김상찬(Kim Sang-Chan) 한국법학회 2010 법학연구 Vol.39 No.-

의료행위에 있어서 질환에 따라 선별적으로 선택된 최선의 방법에 따라 의사는 질환의 치료방법을 결정하게 되며, 이에 따른 질환의 치료과정에서 환자에게는 각종 의료기기들이 사용되어지게 되는데, 이때 필요한 의료기기를 사용함에 있어 환자의 질환치료에는 꼭 필요한 의료기기임에도 불구하고, 의료기기의 결함으로 인하여 의료사고가 발생되기도 한다. 이때 의료기기의 결함으로 인하여 발생한 손해에 대하여 누가 어떠한 책임을 질것인가 하는 문제가 의료분쟁에서 중요한 쟁점이 될 수 있다. 현대 과학기술의 발달에 따른 다양한 최신 의료기기의 출현으로 우리는 각종 질병에 대한 정확한 진단과 치료를 통한 양질의 의료서비스를 받을 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 이와 더불어 각종 의료기기의 사용이 급증하는 상황에서는 의료기기의 결함으로 인한 의료사고 또한 폭증할 가능성도 높아진다. 이러한 의료기기의 결함으로 인하여 발생되는 의료사고에 있어서는 다른 유형의 의료사고와는 달리 의사나 병원측의 과실(過失)여부와 관계없이 의료기기의 제조자의 책임이 소송의 주요한 쟁점이 되게 된다. 이 논문은 의료기기와 관련된 의료사고는 환자의 생사를 좌우하거나 생명에 치명적일 수도 있기 때문에, 피해자의 보호를 위하여 제조물책임의 법리에 의하여 구제되어야 할 것을 강조하고 있다. In medical practice, a doctor is decided treatments of disease depending on selectively the best method, and in the process of treatment, a series of medical system is used to a patient. At this time, by being used medical system that needs, despite it is necessary for patient's treatment, medical accidents happen by malfunction of medical system. The matter about who takes responsibility for and which responsibility is taken is an important issue in medical disputes. We can get the good quality of medical service through accurate diagnosis and treatment of all kinds of disease by introducing the newest medical system along development of modern scientific technology. However, in addition, the possibility of medical accident by malfunction of medical system in situation of using of medical system . Medical accident that happens by malfunction of these medical system is different from other kinds of medical accident, so regardless of doctor and mistakes of hospital, manufacturer's responsibility becomes very important issue of lawsuit. This thesis emphasizes that should redeem from the theory of product liability for protecting victim because medical accident related to medical system depends on patient's life and death or may be fatal to life.

HepG2 세포에서 tert-butyl hydroperoxide로 유도된 간독성에 대한 kurarinone의 세포 보호 효과

김상찬,이종록,박숙자,Kim, Sang Chan,Lee, Jong Rok,Park, Sook Jahr 대한한의학방제학회 2018 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Objective : Kurarinone is one of the flavonoids isolated from Sophorae Radix with various biological activities including anti-microbial effect. In this study, we investigated the effects of Kurarinone on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress finally leading to apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Methods : To determine the effects on cell viability, the cells were exposed to tBHP ($100{\mu}mol/l$) after pretreatment with kurarinone (0.5 and $1{\mu}g/ml$). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. To reveal the possible mechanism of cytoprotectivity of kurarinone, levels of reactive oxygen species, intracellular glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of caspase were examined. Results : tBHP-induced cell death was due to oxidative stress and the resulting apoptosis. Kurarinone dose-dependently protected cells from apoptosis when determined by MTT and TUNEL assay. Consistent with this observation, decreased expression of pro-caspase 3/9 protein by tBHP was restored by kurarinone. Kurarinone also showed anti-oxidative effects by inhibiting generation of ROS and depletion of GSH in tBHP-stimulated HepG2 cells. In addition, kurarinone significantly recovered disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as a start sign of hepatic apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Conclusion : From these results, it was concluded that kurarinone protected tBHP-induced hepatotoxicity with anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities. Our results suggest that kurarinone might be beneficial to hepatic disorders caused by oxidative stress.

국제중재절차에서 고려해야 할 중요한 요소

김상찬(Kim, Sang Chan),김유정(Kim Yu Jung) 국민대학교 법학연구소 2014 법학논총 Vol.27 No.1

교통통신수단의 발달로 인하여 국제거래나 국제투자가 활발해지고 있으며, 이에 따른 분쟁도 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 국제거래나 국제투자를 하는 기업의 입장에서는 분쟁을 해결하는데 있어서 상대국의 법원에서 해결하는 것보다는 국제중재를 원하는 것이 일반적이다. 그 이유는 여러가지가 있겠지만, 재판에 의하는 것보다 중애에 의하는 것이 공정성, 중립성이 보장될 뿐 아니라, 뉴욕협약 가입국 간에는 외국에서 내린 중재판정의 승인과 집행이 쉽기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 분쟁을 중재로 해결하려는 기업은 국제거래나 국제투자 계약서상에 중재조항을 넣는 것부터 시작해서 실제로 분쟁이 발생되어 중재로 나아갈 때, 기업은 상대방과 합의를 통하여 국제중재 절차를 tailor made해 나가야 한다. 본고는 이렇게 상대방과 합의하면서 중재절차를 만들어나가는 과정에서 고려해야 할 요소 중에서 가장 중요하다고 생각되는 ① 중재기관 선택, ② 중재지 선택, ③ 중재인 선정, ④ 중재대리인 선임, ⑤ 문서제출시 유의사항 등에 대하여 고찰하고 있다. 이 요소들이 어떻게 정하는가에 따라서 중재의 승패가 달라질 수 있으므로 기업의 입장에서는 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 한편, 국제중재 이용자는 우리 기업뿐만 있는 것이 아니라 해외의 기업이나 중재인들도 있다. 그러므로 국가적 입장에서도 보다 나은 중재 서비스를 제공하기 위한 인프라를 구축함으로써 우리나라가 세계의 중재시장에서 중재지로서의 위상을 높이는 것은 매우 중요한 과제라 할 것이다. 그러므로 정부나 대한상사중재원의 입장에서도 위의 요소들은 매우 중요하다고 할 것이다. In step with advancement of today’s transportation and communication, international transactions or international investments become more activated and at the same time the disputes arising therefrom continue to increase ever more. As for a company involved in international transactions or international investments, it is normal to seek a settlement through international arbitration rather than through courts in counterpart’s country. Though there may be a number of reasons for that, it is mainly because settlement by arbitration not only guarantees fairness and neutrality, also recognition and execution of arbitral awards made at a foreign country can be conducted easily between member countries of New York Convention. Any company which seeks to settle the dispute by arbitration should get international arbitration procedure tailor-made; From incorporation of arbitration clauses on contracts of an international transaction or international investment to agreement with the counterparts while any dispute develops to arbitration. This article examines presumably the most important factors over the course of the company’s agreement with the counterpart and proceeding arbitration as such. They include ① Selection of an arbitration institution ② Selection of a place of arbitration ③ Selection of an arbitrator ④ Appointment of an arbitration agent ⑤ Noteworthy matters to be considered at the time of document submission. These factors, which may determine success or failure of the arbitration, must be very crucial to the related company. On the other hand, apart from our country’s businesses, foreign businesses or arbitrators also can use international arbitration. Therefore, it must be a very significant task for our country to establish infra to offer better arbitration services from the national point of view and enhance our status as a place of arbitration in the global arbitration market. Thus, the above factors can also be very significant to the government or KCAB (Korean Commercial arbitration Board).

Nrf2활성화를 통한 삼출건비탕(蔘朮健脾湯)의 간세포보호효과

김예림,진효정,박상미,변성희,송창현,김상찬,Ye Lim Kim,Hyo Jeong Jin,Sang Mi Park,Sung Hui Byun,Chang Hyun Song,Sang Chan Kim 대한한의학방제학회 2023 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

Objectives : Oxidative stress is an important cause of many diseases including liver injury. Therefore, adequate regulation of oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in maintaining liver function. Until recently, there has been no studies on the hepatoprotective effect of Samchulgeonbi-tang (SCGBT). Therefore, the hepatoprotective effect of SCGBT was investigated in HepG2 cells. In this study, oxidative stress was induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and iron. Methods : To analyze the hepatoprotective effects of SCGBT against oxidative stress induced by AA + iron, the cell viability, apoptosis-related proteins and intracellular ROS, glutathione (GSH), and mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP) were measured. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription activation and expressions of Nrf2 target gene were analyzed through immunoblot analysis. Results : SCGBT increased the cell viability from AA + iron - induced cell death and inhibited apoptosis by regulating apoptosis related proteins. SCGBT protected cells by inhibiting ROS production, GSH depletion, and MMP degradation against AA + iron induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 activation was increased by SCGBT, and the Nrf2 target genes were also activated by SCGBT. Conclusions : These results suggest that the SCGBT has a hepatocyte protection effect and antioxidant effect from AA + iron induced oxidative stress.

不勳産去來事故의 防止方案에 관한 硏究

金相明(Kim Sang-Myeong),金祥燦(Kim Sang-Chan) 한국법학회 2005 법학연구 Vol.18 No.-

It is true that incidents which happen within real estate transactions nowadays have become various and bigger in scale. These kinds of real estate transactional incidents have emerged as a social issue whereby the losses incurred as a result of a real estate transaction incident is not only an individual property loss but a psychological loss as well in its adroitness of scale or method. Furthermore, once a real estate transaction incident occurs, there is a problem in that it is impossible to recover the original state or that the damage is excessive. Therefore, the outcry for the necessity of seeking out a legislative and policy measure which will prevent this happening on a national level has been raised. However, in the present state of the national law, in the event of a real estate transactional incident, the problem lies in that there is no preventive measure for this kind of event, only a criminal punishment ex post facto. Therefore, the following legislative and policy measures which might prevent such incidents before its actual occurrence in the real estate transactions are suggested. First, a claiming ground insurance system which will preserve the true rightful person's loss as well as the changes in the social conditions should be introduced in Korea as well. The public servant working at the real estate registration office should be endowed with a substantial power of inspection so that there is further support in the real estate registration system. Further efforts should be made to prevent any real estate transaction incidents beforehand by endowing the power of public confidence under the agreement of the people to the real estate registration. Second, the registration department and the account department should be unified so that it may be supervised and inspected uniformly. The real estate rights analysis system should be officialized so that real estate transaction incidents may be prevented beforehand by introducing a real estate transaction execution guarantee system regarding the bill of sales through an appropriate legislation that is realistic. Third, in introducing the real estate rights analyst system, it is advisable to carry it out as an individual legislative form and it is reasonable to assume that it is the best possible alternative which will prevent real estate transaction incidents but it should be noted that it is low in effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, many obstacles are foreseen in order to make the real estate rights analysis system into an official system. Most importantly, in order to introduce the notarization system to the real estate rights analyst, there is a need to first establish the relationship with the middlemen about the boundaries of business dealings as well as the rights and duties according to the real estate brokerage law, and with the judicial scrivener about the boundaries of business dealings as well as the rights and duties according to the laws of judicial law.

전자거래상 消費者紛爭의 國際裁判管轄에 관한 유럽의 동향

金祥燦 한국민사소송법학회 2003 민사소송 Vol.7 No.2

ICSID 중재판정 취소제도

김상찬 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.2

이 논문은 국제투자분쟁해결센터(ICSID)의 중재판정 취소제도에 대하여 고찰하고 있다. ICSID 중재판정의 취소는 일반 상사중재와는 달리 ICSID의 특별위원회에서만 가능하다는 점에 그 특징이 있다. ICSID중재판정 취소제도는 상소절차가 아니라는 전제 하에 구축되었다. 그러나 초기에는 원 중재판정에 대한 실질적 재심사를 함으로서 실제로 상소제도와 같은 기능을 함으로써 한계를 넘어섰다고 하는 강한 비판을 받았고, 제2세대와 제3세대를 거치면서 수정되는 듯하였으나, 2010년에 이르러 다시 실질적 재심사를 하고 있다는 비판과 함께 초기와 유사한 제4세대로 접어들고 있다고 일컬어지고 있다. 한편 ISD나 FTA 등에 근거한 이른바 투자협정중재가 활성화되면서 ICSID 중재판정에 어느 정도 일관성이 요구되고 이와 더불어 투자협정중재의 공적 성질을 강조하게 되면서 상소제도의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 실질적으로 ICSID 사무국은 2004년에 ‘상소절차에 관한 의견서’를 발표하기도 했지만, 비용부담 문제 등 여러 문제가 있고 아직 시기상조라고 하는 비판을 받아서 상소절차 설치를 중단하였다. 이 논문은 현재의 불완전한 ICSID 중재판정 취소제도를 어떻게 활용할 것인가에 대하여, 아직은 ICSID 중재판정 취소제도에 질높고 일관성 있는 ‘중재판정례’를 기대할 수는 없지만, 특별위원회가 가지고 있는 한정적 권한을 창조적으로 활용함으로써 취소 없는 실질적 재심사나 취소를 통한 실질적 재심사를 행할 것이 아니라, ‘실질적 재심사 없는 취소’를 지향함으로써 ICSID중재판정 취소제도의 당초의 구상으로 되돌아가야 한다고 강조하고 있다. This paper deals with the annulment of the ICSID(International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) arbitral award. The annulment of the ICSID is characterized by the fact that it can be made possible through the special committee of ICSID only. The annulment of the ICSID was constructed on the premise that it is not an appeal procedure. However in the initial period, it was strongly criticized as it allowed new trials or duplicated many of the functions of an appeal and it broke down the boundary between the two systems. Although the trend seemed to be corrected through its 2nd and 3rd generations, it was still criticized for functioning as a new trial. It is approaching its 4th generation. On the other hand, with the activation of investment agreement arbitration based on ICSID and FTA, a certain degree of consistency is required for the ICSID arbitralaward. Also, with the emphasis on the public features of the arbitration for the investment agreement, the necessity of an appeal system is presented. The ICSID Secretariat published the "Opinion on the Appeal Procedure" in 2004 but as the system was criticized as too early due to the cost allocation problem and others, its adoption of an appeal procedure has been delayed. This paper focuses on how the currently incomplete ICSID arbitration judgment annulment system shall be used. Although it is still hardto expect the quality and consistent arbitral award annulment in the ICSID, this paper suggests that the "annulment without the actual new trial" using the restricted authority of a special commission in a creative way shall be pursued rather than just the actual new trial with or without annulment, thus going back to the original concept of the ICSID arbitral award annulment.

소비자단체소송제도의 문제점과 개선방안

김상찬 한국민사소송법학회 2013 민사소송 Vol.17 No.2

Korea’s consumer group lawsuit system has been in force since January 1, 2008 from the time it was first introduced with birth of the Framework Act on Consumers on September 27, 2006. Consumer group lawsuit system is the one that enables a group established for a specific public objective to request for prohibition against business operators as a form of lawsuit for the public interests such as consumer protection. consumer group lawsuit system is considered a representative system showing conversion of paradigm of consumer policy from consumer protection into establishment of consumer sovereignty. However, the number of lawsuits that were actually filed from its enforcement to this day is only 1 case, which shows that the system is almost nominal. Considering aforementioned circumstances, this study is inquiring into the problem of consumer group lawsuit system and seeking for improvement measures. As improvement measures for consumer group’s lawsuit, this study suggests First, requisites for lawsuit shall be materialized and requirements for invasion of consumers‘ rights and interests shall be deleted or eased. Second, association of business operators shall be excepted from groups eligible for standing to sue. Third, instead of designating the territorial jurisdiction of the first instance of consumer group’s lawsuit as exclusive jurisdiction of a district court having competence over operator’s general jurisdiction, jurisdiction of a district court that have jurisdiction over the place where illegal act occurred shall also be acknowledged. Fourth, one-sided Principle of Mandatory Representation by Attorney against consumer group shall be expurgated. Fifth, consumer group’s lawsuit permission system shall be abolished. Sixth, the force of irrevocable judgment shall be reexamined and judgement publication system as well as regulations shall be prepared for taking disciplinary measures against a business operator protesting against a judgment and securing effectiveness of judgment. Seventh, this study also suggests that the government should support expenses of lawsuit when a consumer group files a group lawsuit. Along with the above, this study is pointing out that collective consumer dispute mediation system of Korea Consumer Agency shall remain activated by the time consumer group lawsuit system is legislatively improved and revitalized.

임대차계약에서의 요건사실과 증명책임

김상찬(Kim, Sang-Chan),김수진(Kim, Su-Jin) 한국법학회 2011 법학연구 Vol.44 No.-

변론주의자 지배하는 민사소송에 있어서 법률요건에 해당하는 구체적인 사실을 누가 주장하고 누가 입증할 것인지와 관련하여 나타난 개념 중의 하나가 요건사실이다. 요건 사실은 민사소송에 있어서 매우 중요한 의의를 갖는 것으로, 소제기단계부터 소송이 끝날 때까지 재판의 전 과정에 걸쳐 그 기능을 발하는 중요한 개념이라고 할 수 있다. 본고는 임대차계약과 관련한 청구에 있어서 요건사실과 그 증명책임에 관하여 고찰하고 있다. 임대차계약 관련 청구에 있어서 요건사실이 문제되는 것은 주로 임대차계약 종료시에 발생하는 효과와 관계된다. 임대차계약 종료시 임대인은 임차목적물반환 청구권을 갖게 되고, 임차인은 임차보증금반환청구권을 주장할 수 있게 된다. 여기서 주장이라 함은 입증책임까지 부담한다는 의미이다. 이러한 각자의 주장에 대해 동시이행의 항변, 묵시의 갱신항변, 공제항변, 매수청구권 항변 등으로 대항할 수 있으며, 이러한 항변에 대하여 상대방은 재항변으로 다시 맞설 수 있다. 본고에서는 입증책임과 관련한 이러한 문제의식 하에서 각각의 실체법규정에 잠재하고 있는 요건사실을 확정하고 그에 대한 주장ㆍ입증책임 분배의 유형화를 시도한다는 의미에서, 요건사실의 의의와 기능, 증명책임과의 관계에 대하여 살펴본 후, 임대차 계약과 관련하여, 임대차종료에 기한 목적물반환청구, 건물철거 및 토지인도청구, 임차보증금반환청구로 나누어 그 요건사실 및 주장ㆍ입증책임에 대하여 고찰하고 있다. In a civil action Ruled by the doctrine of pleading(Verhandlungsmaxime), ‘the legally required fact’ means a set of facts which one of the parts in process should assert and prove for winning the lawsuit. ‘The legally required fact’ has very important significance throughout the whole process of the trial in civil litigation. This article examines ‘the legally required fact’ and ‘the burden of proof’ in the lease contract. After termination of contract, a lessor claims retrocession of the object and a lessee claims retrocession of the deposit. This claim means the burden of proof rests upon the claimant. Accordingly a lessor must assert and prove agreement of lease contract, handover to a lessee and termination of contract. On the other bands, a lessee must assert and prove agreement of lease contract, deposit payment and termination of contract. The other side can defend oneself with ‘the exceptio non adimpleti contractus’, a implied renewal, a deduction and a claim to purchase things on the ground. The claimant has a surrebuttal against a rebuttal. This article aims to clarify the meaning of ‘the legally required fact’ and categorize ‘the distribution of burden of proof’ in the lease contract.

논문(論文) : 한의학회지의 처방명 로마자 표기에 관한 고찰

김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ),변성희 ( Sung Hui Byun ),오성윤 ( Sung Yun Oh ),이병욱 ( Byung Wook Lee ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2006 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.19 No.3