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金東鮮 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-
This paper presents a dynamic system model for time-varying freeway O-D flow pattern and its on-line estimation algorithm. The prosed model employs information from mainline traffic counts, ramp flow measurements, and macroscopic traffic characteristics to construct a set of dynamic system equations which realistically consider the congestion impact on the interrelation between O-D flow pattern and observed flows. With some transformation all time-dependent model parameters can be estimated with the Extended Kalman Filter algorithm. To use in on-line applications and improve the computing efficiency, a revised model using the Sequential Kalman Filter algorithm has also been developed.
Recent Increase in Surface fCO2 in the Western Subtropical North Pacific
김동선,최유정,김태욱,박근하 한국해양과학기술원 2017 Ocean science journal Vol.52 No.3
We observed unusually high levels (> 440 μatm) of carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2) in surface seawater in the western subtropical North Pacific, the area where Subtropical Mode Water is formed, during summer 2015. The NOAA Kuroshio Extension Observatory moored buoy located in this region also measured high CO2 values, up to 500 μatm during this period. These high sea surface fCO2 (fCO2SW) values are explained by much higher normalized total dissolved inorganic carbon and slightly higher normalized total alkalinity concentrations in this region compared to the equatorial Pacific. Moreover, these values are much higher than the climatological CO2 values, even considering increasing atmospheric CO2, indicating a recent large increase in sea surface CO2 concentrations. A large seasonal change in sea surface temperature contributed to higher surface fCO2SW in the summer of 2015.