정치사상교육의 이론과 구조적 특징

김경웅 북한연구소 1990 北韓 Vol.- No.221

Sources and Fate of As in the Environment

김경웅,Hoang Thi Hanh,김주용,방선백 한국자원공학회 2010 Geosystem engineering Vol.13 No.1

Arsenic is present in a variety of environmental media including minerals, rocks, sedimentary deposits, soil,water and plants. It tends to be transported and exchanged among these environmental components. Arsenic can be released to the environment through human activities including mining exploitation, metal smelting, waste incineration, coal combustion and the use of pesticides, herbicides, crop desiccants,wood preservatives, and food additives for livestock containing arsenic compounds. Bioaccumulation of arsenic occurs in some aquatic organisms. The existence of a biological methylation/demethylation cycle for arsenic results in the presence of various forms of both organic and inorganic arsenic in the environment. Arsenic in water can undergo a complex series of transformations, including oxidation-reduction reactions,ligand exchange, precipitation and biotransformation. Acid mine drainages as well as mine tailings are of great concern due to their extremely high arsenic concentrations observed and reported.

Trace Elements in Ground and Packaged Water in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

김경웅,Edu Inam,Godwin Ebong,Ubong Eduok 한국자원공학회 2010 Geosystem engineering Vol.13 No.2

About 20 trace elements were measured in 165ground water samples, 8 commercial brands of bottled and sachet water in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria to ascertain their quality and suitability for drinking purposes. A comparison of the elemental concentrations with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) showed that with the exception of Al, Cd,Pb, and Fe in some of the ground and packaged water samples,the levels of all the other elements investigated were below the maximum allowable limits. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 16 sampling local government councils into four clusters of similar water quality characteristics. Based on the obtained information, it is possible to design a future, optimal sampling strategy for monitoring programs which could reduce the number of sampling stations and associated costs.

달성광산 주변지역에서의 중금속오염과 이의 제거 방안

김경웅,홍영국,김택남 대한자원환경지질학회 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.1

The Dalsung copper-tungsten mine in the Taegu area, Korea was closed in 1975 and may be the sources of the heavy metal contamination in the tributary system and soil-plant system due to the mine drainage derived from the mine wastes and tailings. To examine the degree and extent of heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of Dalsung mine area, stream water and soil samples were taken and analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-AES and AAS. Highly contaminated soils are found near the Lower Tunnel No.0 ranging up to 1760 ?g/g As, 2060 ?g/g Cu, 1120 ?g/g Pb and 346 ?g/g Zn. From the results of the sequential extraction methods for the metal speciation, the heavy metals in soils may be derived from soil parent materials and acid mine drainage. With the process for the heavy metal removal, most of the heavy metal ions in the acid mine drainage are removed by being exchanged with Ca ions held by the bentonite, hydroxyapatite and calcium hydoxide.

폐기물 매립지 주변지역에서의 환경오염에 관한 지구화학 및 지구물리학적 연구

김경웅,손호웅,Kim, Kyoung-Woong,Shon, Ho-Woong 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1995 自然科學論文集 Vol.8 No.1

In the Vicinity of the Sindae-dong waste disposal site in Taejon, the average Cu, pb and Zn concentrations in soils are higher than those in other Korean soils but these are not high enough to cause any harmful effect to human and animal through the crop plants. Copper, Pb and Zn are not detected in the groundwater samples and F, Cl, $NO_2$, $NO_3$ and $SO_4$ concentrations in groundwater samples are lower than drinking water standards. However, the pH of groundwater sample in site D is 5.58 which is not suitable for the drinking water. With the electric resistivity method, the water-containg layers are found in contaminated soils and the resistivity values are considerably low because of the dispersion of plume by the leak of leachates. According to the results from the magnetic survey method, the anomalous values of the total geomagnetic fields and their gradients are found in the sampling site of low resistivity and high trace element concentrations. 대전시 신대동 일반 폐기물 매립지역 주변토양의 Cu, Pb와 Zn 함량은 대부분이 우리나라 토양내의 평균 함량보다는 높은 것으로 나타났으나 농작물을 통하여 인류 및 동물에 해를 끼칠 수 있는 정도는 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 지하수의 경우 Cu, Pb와 Zn이 검출되지는 않았고, F, CI, $NO_2$, $NO_3$ 및 $SO_4$함량도 음용수 수질기준보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 매립지 인근 D지역에서의 지하수의 pH가 5.58로 나타나 음용수로는 부적합 것으로 판명되었다. 전기 비저항 탐사를 행한 결과 토양오염이 진행된 지역에 함수층이 존재하고 있었으며 침출수의 배출에 의한 오염체의 이동에 의해 전기 비저항값이 더욱 낮게 나타났다. Gradiometer를 이용한 자력탐사 결과 전기비저항값이 낮은 오염지역에서 자력치와 그 미분값의 이상치가 나타났으며, 그 지점 지하수의 원소함량이 다른지역보다 높았다.

국내 남해 및 남서해안지역 해양퇴적물과 저서성 유공충 골격내 중금속함량

김경웅,윤혜수,이성숙,정규귀,Kim, Kyoung-Woong,Yun, Hye Su,Yi, Song Suk,Jung, Kyu-Kui 대한자원환경지질학회 1997 자원환경지질 Vol.30 No.3

The skeletal chemistry of calcareous microfossils may contribute to the classification of various biological processes and be used as an environmental indicator for future pollution. In order to examine the degree of heavy metal pollutions in marine environments, samples of sediment and benthonic foraminifera were taken from 5 study areas from 3 different stations in coastal offshore regions of Korea. After sieving, cleaning and acid digestion, sample were analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-MS, ICP-AES and AAS. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in most of marine sediments from 5 study areas are not higher than those in sediments from unpolluted marine environment in the U.K.. However, pollution indices are up to 0.96~0.99 in the Gwangyang and Yulchon areas which are classified as the special control distric along the coast for pollution. The pollution indices decrease in order of Yulchon > Gwangyang > Mokpo > Gamak = Yoja > Yonggwang areas. Concentrations of Mg, Pb, Sr and Zn in Ammonia beccarii Pseudorotalia gaimardii, Quinqueloculina lamarckiana are reduced after pre-treatment of samples. From the result of bioconcentration index, Mg is easily accumulated in microfossils and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana may be used as the best indicator for future pollution.

금속광산지역 오염 토양/지하수의 복원기술 동향

김경웅 대한자원환경지질학회 2004 자원환경지질 Vol.37 No.1

환경오염저감 및 제어기술은 환경/방재 기술분야로 포스트 반도체 주력산업의 고도화분야에 해당되며, 그 중 오염토양 및 지하수 복원기술은 앞으로 많은 수요가 예상되는 핵심기술이라 할 것이다. 국내의 경우 폐금속광산이 다수 존재하며 이로 인한 중금속 및 비소오염문제가 심각해지고 있는 시점에서 이를 복원하기 위한 최신기술의 동향을 알아보는 것이 필요할 것이다. 현재 이 분야의 선진국인 미국 및 유럽각국에서의 기술개발은 2차적인 오염을 유발하지 않을 청정기술의 개발과 개발기술의 현장적용에 초점이 맞추어 지고 있는 추세이다. 여기에 최근에 개발되어진 신기술중에 이러한 장점으로 인해 주목받고 있는 기술인 전기동력학 기술, 투수성 반응벽체기술, 고형화/안정화기술, 박테리아를 이용한 생체흡착기술, 박테리아를 이용한 용출기술, 식물정화기술을 소개하고자 한다. Pollution reduction and/or control technology becomes one of the pressing post-semiconductor research field to lead an advanced industrial structure. Soil/groundwater remediation techniques may act as a core technology which will create many demands on pollution reduction areas. A plenty numbers of abandoned metal mines were left without any remediation action in Korea, and it may be potential sources of heavy metal and As contamination in the ecosystem. In order to bring this soil contamination to a settlement, the emerging soil/groundwater remediation techniques should be introduced. Main research topics in the United States and Europe move towards the clean remediation technology without any secondary impact and the feasible application of developing technique into the field scale study. With these advantages, several soil/groundwater techniques such as electrokinetic soil processing, permeable reactive barrier, stabilization/solidification, biosorption, soil flushing with biosurfactant, bioleaching and phytoremediation will be summarized in this paper.

지구통계학적 방법에 의한 영광원전주변 토층내 Cs-137 및 K-40 측정 결과의 해석

김경웅,정철영,이재석,문승현,박철승,고은정,고일원,조병옥,전수열,김동욱 대한자원환경지질학회 2002 자원환경지질 Vol.35 No.6

Acid Rain Impact on Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals in Soils

김경웅,김아영,김주용,고명수 한국자원공학회 2010 Geosystem engineering Vol.13 No.4

Soil heavy metal contamination and acid rain effects on terrestrial ecosystems are two major environmental problems of wide concern for some countries. Acid rain leads to great releases of soil heavy metals to surrounding ecosystem due to complicated soil chemical processes, mostly cation exchange and partly dissolution of minerals. In this study, the effects of acid rain on the transfer and phytoavailability of heavy metals to crop in contaminated soil was evaluated. A pot experiment was conducted to compare plant mechanism in various pH of acid rain treatment. The soil samples were collected from the paddy field in the vicinity of Janghang smelter. The Brassica campestris ssp. Pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) was used in this experiment. Each pot including Chinese cabbages was exposed to three conditions of simulated acid rain (pH 3.0 / 4.5 / 5.6) for 42 days. The results showed that phytoavailability of heavy metals were strongly controlled by pH of acid rain and lower pH can elevate the plant uptake of heavy metals, except for Pb. This indicates that acid rain has an adverse effect on surrounding ecosystems.

DNA Sequence Homology Analysis of arsGenes in Arsenic-Resistant Bacteria

김경웅,이지훈,장진수 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.4

Homology of ~êë (arsenic-resistance system) genes was examined among the indigenous bacteria isolated from the soils and sediments of two abandoned Au mines, which are highly contaminated with arsenic. The DNA and amino acid sequence homology of the ~êë determinants were investigated using an ~êë genotype. The isolated strains showed As(III)oxidation ability contained ~êëAB genes encoding the efflux pump as well as ~êëR and ~êëD regulator genes. The ~êëR and ~êëD leader gene are required for an arsenic resistance system when the high-homology genes (~êëR; pI258 52.09% and ~êëD; pÜÉï~åÉää sp. 42.33%) are controlled by the ~êë inducer-independent regulatory amino acid sequence. These leader gene were observed under weak acidic conditions in the Myoung-bong (pH; 5.0 to 6.0) and Duck-um (pH; 4.0 to 7.0) mines. In addition, the strains with the ability of As(V)-reduction involved the=~êëC gene homologues, as in the strain OW-16 (mëÉìJ Ççãçå~ë=éìíáÇ~). The arsenic-resistance genes in the isolated indigenous bacteria showed varying degrees of amino acid similarity to the homologous genes found in the database (GenBank) such as mK=éìíáÇ~ KT2440: 39~53% for=~êëR, 22~42% for=~êëD,=16~84% for=~êëA, 26~45% for=~êëB, 17~44% for ~êëAB, 37~41% for=~êëC, and 14~47% for=~êëH. These findings suggested that the function of the various ~êë gene in indigenous bacteria existing in weakly oxidative conditions may be the key factor for redox mechanisms and biogeochemical systems in arsenic contaminated soils. © KSBB Homology of ars (arsenic-resistance system) genes was examined among the indigenous bacteria isolated from the soils and sediments of two abandoned Au mines, which are highly contaminated with arsenic. The DNA and amino acid sequence homology of the ars determinants were investigated using an ars genotype. The isolated strains showed As(III)-oxidation ability contained arsAB genes encoding the efflux pump as well as arsR and arsD regulator genes. The arsR and arsD leader gene are required for an arsenic resistance system when the high-homology genes (arsR; pI258 52.09% and arsD; Shewanell sp. 42.33%) are controlled by the ars inducer-independent regulatory amino acid sequence. These leader gene were observed under weak acidic conditions in the Myoung-bong (pH; 5.0 to 6.0) and Duck-um (pH; 4.0 to 7.0) mines. In addition, the strains with the ability of As(V)-reduction involved the arsC gene homologues, as in the strain OW-16 (Pseudomonas putida). The arsenic-resistance genes in the isolated indigenous bacteria showed varying degrees of amino acid similarity to the homologous genes found in the database (GenBank) such as P. putida KT2440: 39~53% for arsR, 22~42% for arsD, 16~84% for arsA, 26~45% for arsB, 17~44% for arsAB, 37~41% for arsC, and 14~47% for arsH. These findings suggested that the function of the various ars gene in indigenous bacteria existing in weakly oxidative conditions may be the key factor for redox mechanisms and biogeochemical systems in arsenic contaminated soils.