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20세기 구어 자료에 나타난 하오체 어미 {-오}의 실현 양상 변화
정경재(Chung, Kyeongjae),정연주(Jeong, Yeonju),홍종선(Hong, Jongseon) 한국어학회 2015 한국어학 Vol.69 No.-
The {-o} ending of the ‘hao’ speech style has gone through numerous diachronic changes. The honorific level has been lowered and there has been a functional differentiation between the original form ‘-o/so’ and its phonological variation, ‘-u/su.’ Finally, the limitation to the speaker and hearer rendered the speech style to be rarely used in spoken language these days. This study aims on verifying the sequence, correlation and causes of the various changes to {-o} by focusing on the spoken corpus of the twentieth century. The function of {-o} as a general honorific changed as the aristocracy (the Yangban class) started using the ‘hao’ style mutually. Later, the {-o} functioned as a style through which the speaker casually honors the hearer while not lowering himself/herself. As a result, {-o} lost its original function and became an ending which is difficult to used between a speaker and a hearer who is in a higher position than the speaker. Such usage spread even after the abolition of the status system, as the ‘hao’ style was used mutually between people in a social relationship without any acquaintance, and between strangers. The original usage, however, persevered among women and children who lived only within the local communities. As the honorific level of the ‘hao’ style had been lowered in formal context, vowel rising of the style was not readily accepted. Women and children who were not exposed to formal context and used the ‘hao’ style as a general honorific, however, readily accepted the phonological changes and used it as the ‘-u/su’ form. As a result, the function of ‘-o/so’ and ‘-u/su’ became different. The {-o}, which initially had no limitations to speakers or hearers, became an expression exclusively used by middle-aged or older speakers after the first half of the twentieth century. The spread of ‘hae’ and ‘haeyo’ created a limit to the speakers and hearers, leading to a drop in the usage of ‘hao’ and therefore, ‘hao’ became an ending which is almost never used in colloquial conversations.
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20세기 구어 자료에 나타난 명령형 어미의 실현 양상 변화
정경재(Chung Kyeongjae) 한국어학회 2016 한국어학 Vol.72 No.-
The imperative ending went through major changes within the modern Korean language. First, the use of the ‘hao’ style and ‘hage’ style decreased while that of the ‘hae’ and ‘haeyo’ style increased. Second, the ‘-si-’ was gradually less frequently used with the ‘haeyo’ style in the twentieth century. This could be understood as a phenomenon which took place as ‘haeyo,’ which is not combined with ‘-si-,’ began to be used in imperative sentences instead of the ‘hao’ style. As a result, ‘haseyo’ and ‘haeyo’ is being used these days with a difference in speech levels. Third, the use of ‘oneora,’ the ‘haera’ style imperative of ‘oda,’ diminished and ‘wara’ and ‘ogeora’ started to be used. This is not a phenomenon of the new form ‘wara’ replacing the old form ‘oneora’ within the ‘haera’ style, but was due to the spread of the ‘hae’ style and the corresponding increase in the use of ‘wa’ and the subsequent drop in the frequency of the expression ‘oneora.’
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3·1독립선언서의 진본 확정을 위한 국어학적 고찰 - 보성사판과 신문관판을 대상으로 -
鄭敬在 ( Chung Kyeongjae ) 진단학회 2021 진단학보 Vol.- No.136
This study compared the linguistic differences between the Boseongsa edition and the Sinmungwan edition of the “Proclamation of Korean Independence to confirm the significance of the two editions and identify which of the two editions is the original copy printed at Boseongsa on February 27, 1919. First, by comparing Choi Namseon's contribution to the magazine Cheongchun, which Sinmungwan issued in 1918, and the two editions of the Proclamation, this study found that the Boseongsa edition matched the linguistic characteristics and writing style of Choi Namseon during the era. Moreover, the final consonant “ㅆ[ss] is used, and the notation and punctuation are irregular in the Sinmungwan edition, indicating the possibility that it is a partially edited version of the original. The two editions of the “Proclamation of Korean Independence also differ in the positions where paragraphs are divided. The Chinese translation of the Proclamation, which was published in Sibo on March 9, 1919, and the Korean translation of the Proclamation, which was published in Sinhanminbo on April 10, 1919, were both based on the manuscript of the “Proclamation of Korean Independence that was sent to Shanghai before being printed. This study found that both versions display the same paragraph divisions as the Boseongsa edition. In addition to the historical and bibliographical evidence found in previous studies, this study found linguistic evidence that confirmed that the “Boseongsa edition is the original copy distributed on March 1, 1919, whereas the “Sinmungwan edition is an edited copy that was later revised.
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김양진(Kim Ryangjin),정경재(Chung Kyeongjae) 한국언어문학회 2010 한국언어문학 Vol.72 No.-
This paper has two aims. One is to present the list of stems including {-sʌβ-}, and the other is to establish the synchronic paradigm of these stems. Paradigm of stems including {-sʌβ-} is classified three classes. First class contains stems with a p- irregular 2 inflection, which are ‘yeojjuop-, boeop-, Xjaop-, jeossup-, cheongjjop-’. Second class contains defective stems having some restrictions of their distributions, which are ‘yeojjup-, boep-, Xjap-’. Third class contains stems with a regular inflection, having reconstructed to stems with vowel ending, which are ‘yeojju-, chinjjo-, najjo-, gamjjoeu-’.
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