농촌생활지표조사에서 무응답 대체 : 사례

조영숙,천영민,황대용,Cho, Young-Sook,Chun, Young-Min,Hwang, Dae-Yong 한국통계학회 2008 응용통계연구 Vol.21 No.1

농촌생활지표조사는 2000년부터 농촌자원개발연구소에서 매년 실시하는 조사로서 통계청 승인통계이다. 본 연구에서는 2005년 농촌생활지표조사에 사용된 원자료를 이용하였다. 원자료에 대한 에디팅 과정을 거친 후 무응답이 포함된 개체를 제거하여 얻어진 1,582 가구를 대 상으로 하였으며 총 146문항 중에서 최종 선택되어진 15문항을 증심으로 무응답 대체를 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 대체법과 각 대체법의 효율성은 자료의 종류에 따라 다르게 적용되었다. 먼저 연속형 자료에 대해서는 평균대체, 회귀대체, 수정된 그레이 기반 k-NN 대체(DU, DW, WU, WW) 방법을 사용하여 무응답을 대체하고 RMSB를 이용하여 실험결과를 비교하였으며, 범주형 자료에 대해서는 최빈값 이용, 확률 대체, 조건부 최빈간 이용, 조건부 학률 대체, 단순 임의 핫덱 대체 방법을 사용하여 무응답을 대체하고 정확도(Accuracy)를 이용하여 실험 결과를 비교하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 연속형 자료에 대해서는 회귀대체 또는 그레이 기반 k-NN 대체가 적절하고, 범주형 자료에 대해서는 핫덱 대체가 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났다. Survey on the rural living indicators was the statistic approved from National Statistical Office and the survey executed by rural resources development institute. This study was used the raw data of survey on the rural living indicators in 2005. After editing procedure for raw data, we were studied 1,582 households which is acquired through elimination of case included nonresponses, and imputed a nonresponses of 15 item selected from 146 item. The imputation methods and efficiency of imputation for simulation was adapted differently from type of data. For continuous data, we imputed the nonresponses with mean imputation, regression imputation, adjusted grey-based k-NN imputation(DU, DW, WU, WW) and compared the results with RMSE. For categorical data, we imputed the nonresponses with mode method, probability imputation, conditional mode method, conditional probability method, hot-deck imputation, and compared the results with Accuracy. By the results, regression imputation and adjusted grey-based k-NN imputation appropriated for continuous data and hot-deck imputation appropriated for categorical data.

고지방식이를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스에서 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물의 지질저하 작용

조영숙,손미예,이미경,Cho, Young-Sook,Shon, Mi-Yae,Lee, Mi-Kyung 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 우리나라 장려 품종인 청일뽕잎을 이용하여 고지방식이(열량의 37%를 지방으로 대체)를 급여한 C57BL/6 마우스의 지질 함량과 지질대사를 측정함으로써 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물의 지질 개선작용을 검증하고자 하였다. 4주령의 C57BL/6마우스(n=32)를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 정상식이를 급여한 정상군, 고지방을 급여한 고지방대조군(HF), 고지방-뽕잎분말군(HF-PML)과 고지방-뽕잎열수 추출물군(HF-WML)으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 뽕잎은 사람의 섭취량을 고려하여 뽕잎 1%수준이 섭취되도록 분말(1g/100g diet)과 열수추출물(0.22g/100g diet)을 식이에 첨가 조제하여 급여하였다. 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 고지 방을 급여 한 마우스의 체중과 장기 무게에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 뽕잎분말만 일일 식이섭취량과 에너지 섭취를 고지방 대조군에 비하여 감소시켰다 실험 6주 후 고지방 대조군의 혈장과 간조직 중의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 함량이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물 급여시 혈장과 간조직 중의 지질 함량이 유의적으로 개선되었고 총 콜레스테롤 함량에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤 비는 정상 수준이었다(p<0.05). 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 변으로의 콜레스테롤과 중성지질 배설을 증가시켰다. 간조직 중의 fatty acid synthase, fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$과 carnitine palmitoyl transferase 활성은 고지방 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았으나 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 이들 효소들의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이와 같이 고지방을 급여한 마우스에서 뽕잎분말과 열수추출물은 변으로의 지질 배설을 증가시키고 간조직의 지질대사 관련 효소 활성에 영향을 미침으로써 혈장과 간조직의 지질 함량을 개선하는데 효과적인 것으로 검증되었다. This study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of powdered mulberry leaves (PML) and water extract of powdered mulberry leaves (WML) on high-fat fed mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups; a normal group (N), a high-fat (HF) group, a high-fat group supplemented with PML (HF-PML) and a high-fat group supplemented with WML (HF-WML). The PML or WML was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried mulberry loaves (1g PML/100g diet and 0.22g WML/100g diet) for 6 weeks. Body weight and organ weights were not different among thle groups in high-fat fed mice, whereas food intake and daily energy intake were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in the HF-PML group. In plasma and liver, the supplementation of PML and WML significantly (p<0.05) lowered cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to the HF group. The HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups than in the B:.w group. The fecal triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups compared to the HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid ${\beta}-oxidation$ and carnitine palmitoyl transferase were significantly lower in the HF group than in the N group. However, the activities of these hepatic lipid regulating enzymes activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the HF-PML and HF-WML groups compared to the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that PML and WML improve plasma and hepatic lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and enhancing hepatic lipid regulating enzymes activities.

만성적 유기용제 폭로로 인한 조선업 도장공들의 신경행동학적 영향에 관한 연구

조영숙,Cho, Young Sook 한국직업건강간호학회 1997 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Across sectional study was performed to evaluate the chronic effects on central nerve system(CNS) of cumulative exposure of complex organic solvents, using neurobehavioral test. Subjects were 66 (male) dock yard painters of some large ship industry which is located in Ulsan. The neurobehavioral test battery used in this study was NCTB (Neurabehavioral Core Test Battery recommended by WHO(World Health Organization), which consisted of 7 items-Profile of mood states (POMS), Simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test. Digit span, Digit symbol, Benton visual retention test and Pursuit aiming. The subjects were classified by 3 groups according to duration of employment(group 1 ; less than 9 years, group 2 ; 10-14 years, group 3 ; more than 15 years). The results of performance were analyzed considering of work duration, age, educational level, alcohol drinking, smoking and testing time as confounding factors. Benton visual retention test, pursuit aiming correct dot and sum of dot showed significant differences among the groups, and decreased with increasing work duration. It indicated that the mean scores of performance ability were lowering according to work duration. Besides, the tests that didn't show statistical significances but showed linear trends were depression-dejection, vigor, fatigue of POMS, slowest time of simple reaction time and digit span forward. Most of the neurobehavioral test items were correlated with age and educational level. After controlling of confounding factors-age and educational level, the results followed ; digit span backward was different significantly. Tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility of POMS, SD and slowest time of simple reaction time, Santa Ana dexterity test non-preferred hand, digit span forward, Benton visual retention test and pursuit aiming correct dot decreased with increasing of work duration. The correlation analysis was done in order to find out the relationship between subjective symptom and the scores of neurobehavioral core test battery. According to the results of analysis there were no items that had statistical significant relationship(p<0.05).

돌산 갓의 일반성분, 당 및 아미노산 조성

조영숙(Young-Sook Cho),박석규(Seok-Kyu Park),전순실(Soon-Sil Chun),문주석(Ju-Seok Moon),하봉석(Bong-Seuk Ha) 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

갓은 배추 등 다른 십자화과 채소에 비하여 특유의 맛과 향기가 강한 침채류 발효 식품 재료로서 그 활용 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 돌산갓의 일반성분, 산도, 알칼리도, 총당, 유리당, 구조아미노산 및 유리아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 돌산갓은 수분 87.5%, 조단백질 3.8%, 조지방 0.3%, 조섬유 1.3%, 그리고 조회분 1.4%로서 다른 한국산 재래종 갓 및 일본 갓에 비하여 조단백질은 많았고, 조섬유 및 조지방은 오히려 적은 함량을 나타내었다. 잎과 잎줄기의 pH는 5.7, 5.8이었고, 적정산도는 687㎎, 318㎎유산/신선물 100g이였으며, 알칼리도는 2.5, 5.2로서 알칼리성 식품이었다. 유리당은 주로 포도당이였고 잎줄기에는 잎보다 약 2배 많았으며, 과당은 미량으로 분리되었다. 잎과 잎줄기의 총당 및 환원당은 각각 574㎎%, 820㎎% 그리고 352㎎%, 538㎎%였다. 신선물 잎과 잎줄기의 총 구성아미노산은 각각 8.0%, 2.5%로, 잎이 잎줄기보다 3.2배 많았으며, glutamic acid, proline이 공통적으로 가장 많았는데 아미노산 패턴은 차이를 보였다. 총 유리아미노산은 각각 3074㎎%, 298㎎%로서 잎줄기가 잎보다 10.3배 많았으며, 특히 glutamic acid, aspartic acid가 공통적으로 많았고, 필수아미노산은 869㎎%, 68㎎%로서 전체 유리아미노산에 대하여 22.9%와 28.3%였다. To furnish basic data for the utilization of leaf mustard as a raw material of salted and fermented vegetable food, major chemical compositions of Dolsan Leaf Mustard(DLM) were investigated. The moisture and ash contents of DLM were 87.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Compared with other Korean traditional or Japanese leaf mustard, DLM contained more crude protein (3.8%) but less crude fat(0.3%) and crude fiber(1.3%). As an alkali food, leaf and leaf stalk had pH of 5.7 and 5.8, titratable acidity of 687 and 318㎎/100g and alkalinity of 2.5 and 5.2, respectively. The major free sugar in DLM was glucose and fructose was also detected in a small amount. The contents of total and reducing sugar in leaf and leaf stalk were 574, 352, 820 and 538㎎%, respectively. Total amino acid contents of leaf and leaf stalk were 8.0 and 2.5% on wet basis. Although the amino acid compositions of leaf and leaf stalk were different each other, glutamic acid and proline were the major amino acids in both of the leaf and leaf stalk. Significantly higher amount (ca.10. 3-fold) of free amino acid was present in leaf (307 4㎎%) than in leaf stalk (298㎎%). Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the major free amino acids and essential amino acid contents in leaf and leaf stalk were 869 and 68㎎% being 22.9 and 28.3% of total free amino acids.

일부지역 노인의 영양 및 건강상태에 관한 연구

조영숙(Young Sook Cho),임현숙(Hyeon Sook Lim) 한국영양학회 1986 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.19 No.6

집단미술치료가 저소득층 아동의 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향에 대한 사례연구

조영숙 ( Young Sook Cho ) 한국특수아동학회 2012 특수아동교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

This case study is inquiring into the effectiveness of group art therapy on the sociality of low-income family children. Five low-income family girls who lack social skills test(less than 11 point out of 40) using the community welfare center after school in B city were selected as subjected to this study. The group art therapy held once a week, 60 minutes session for 16 times from August to November 2009. The statistical methods utilized to make a comparative analysis, sociometric scales and HTP. The research design was pre/post-tested, all changes in the course of the program were observed every each term. Three major findings from the study were as follow. The low-income family children`s sociality was improved in the course of group art therapy. It was verified that the group art therapy was effective on the low-income family children`s sociality. Lastly, the low-income family children`s sociality has altered in point of the change in the pictures by HTP. In conclusion, it is clear that this group art therapy has positive effects on the sociality improvement of low-income family children.

농촌 가구의 가사대체서비스 실태분석

조영숙(Cho Young Sook),박은식(Park Eun Shik),고정숙(Ko Jeong Sook) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2006 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

농촌가구의 정보매체 보유 및 이용 현황 분석

조영숙(Young-Sook Cho),황대용(Dae-Yong Hwang),고정숙(Jung-Sook Ko),강경하(Kyeong-Ha Kang) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2008 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2008 No.-

민주화,세계화 과정에서 진보적 여성운동의 과제와 전망

조영숙 ( Young Sook Cho ) 민주화운동기념사업회 2005 민주화운동기념사업회 연구소 학술행사 자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

비파의 유리당, 유기산 및 유리아미노산의 조성

조영숙(Young-Sook Cho),박석규(Seok-Kyu Park),이홍열(Hong-Yeol Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1991 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

비파(Eriobotrya japonica)의 주요 맛 성분을 조사하기 위하여 유리당, 유리산, 유리아미노산의 조성 및 함량을 분석하였다. 완숙된 비파의 주요한 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose였으며 그들의 함량은 각각 3.71%, 3.41%, 0.46%(w/w)였다. 총당 함량은 13.7%로서 미숙할 때보다 2배 높았다. 총유기산은 약 0.2%였으며 주요 유기산으로는 malic acid 89㎎%, formic acid 32㎎%, oxalic acid 26㎎%였다. 13종류의 유리아미노산이 확인되었으며 주요 아미노산으로는 aspartic acid, valine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, histidine이였으며 그들의 함량은 18~30㎎%였다. For the investigation of major taste components in loquat(Eriobotrya japonica) flesh, its contents and composition of free sugars, organic acids and free amino acids were analyzed. Major free sugars of the fully ripened loquat were fructose, glucose and sucrose, and their contents were 3.71, 3.42 and 0.46%(w/w), respectively. The content of total sugar, 13.7% was 2 times higher than that of the unripe fruit. The content of total organic acid was about 0.2% (w/w), and major organic acids were malic acid -89㎎%, formic acid -32㎎% and oxalic acid -26㎎%. Thirteen kinds of free amino acids from the fully ripened loquat were confirmed. Major free amino acids were aspartic acid, valine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine and histidine, and their contents were in the range of 18~30㎎%.