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백영옥 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-
This study analyzes differences in issue preference between male and female school board members in the State of Hawaii. during the 1970s, the proportion of local and state political offices held by women increased sharply. While the much publicized "gender gap" has recently intensified interest in possible political differences between men and women, research has focused on this topic for more than a decade. This work has been aimed at identifying and explaining the "conditions that make 'women' analytically distinct and significant in virtually every political system, now and in the past." Initial work showed clear, consistent differences in social backgrounds, career patterns, aspirations and ambition, concepts of politics and role concepts between men and women in political elites. There is increasing evidence that these gender differences in background are lessening so that men and women in elite positions are increasingly similar in education, occupation, age, role, concept, and so on. Whether men and women elites have similar or different issue preference is less clear. There is in the literature evidence both that men and women elites agree on most policy questions and that they disagree on a few or on many kinds of policy questions. Given these different findings, we once again address the question of issue differences between men and women holding governmental office. In winter, 1988, a mail questionnaire was sent to 349 persons serving(or served) on school boards in the State of Hawaii. We have here some indication of gender differences in issue preferences. We might argue that as women become increasinly politicized they will see their political common ground, and political cleavages around gender will increase. With this in mind, more women's participation in the policy making process is needed which able to eradicate the barriers which prevent Korean women from participating fully and meaningful in life. Although our political structure and processes are quite different from the U.S., the Hawaii experiences can be lessons which benefit women in Korea. However, it is difficult to analyze the political elites crossculturally. This present work can be seen as a pilot study building toward the cross-cultural comparisons.
미국 의회내의 여성문제 비공식위원회(C.C.W.I)의 활동과 기능에 관한 일고찰
白永玉 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1986 여성학논집 Vol.3 No.-
Incorporated in 1977, the congresswomen's Caucus originally consisted of fifteen of the eighteen women representatives serving at the time and tried to fill a gap in the representative structures of Congress by dealing with an issue which was of public concern but for which no formal congressional structure could formulate a response. The congresswomen's Caucus identified and dramatized problems such as family violence; gathered information on bureaucratic performance in implementing laws; and established contacts with a clientele of interest groups representing women professionals and other feminists. However, the decision to expand by admitting men was necessitated by a House rules change requiring that informal groups divorce themselves from outside funding sources if they wished to remain in House office space. Even if all the women in Congress had belonged, it would not have been possible to exist totally on membership contributions. In 1982, the Congresswomen's Caucus changed its name to the congressional Caucus for Women's Issues and admitted men. Now, with a bipartisan membership of 127 inculding speaker Tip O'Neill, the Caucus is becoming a force for concensus on those issues which concern it. Exploring such recent and ongoing change is difficult for academic researchers since written materials on congress are not adequate. Therefore, the discussion of the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues which follows is based primarily upon information gained through participant observation and interviews. In this paper, we focus on Caucus functions and membership, membership's benefits for women and for men, and the emerging ingluence of the Caucus. Our analysis shows that the congressional Caucus for Women's Issues serves an important function in the house. Its influence is real and growing, but it will always be limited to a few proposals in one specific field. Information collection and dissemination is its first function, but legislative initiation and passage have been possibilities because of its enlarged size and the political impact of the gender gap. We can conclude that the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues is not a light-weighty Caucus, not trendy. It works hard and is respected. It would seem the Caucus made the right choice and is capitalizing effectively on a favorable climate of opinion and the fact that women, though a minority in the House, are a majority in the electorate. Although our legislative structure and processes are quite different from U.S., the experiences of the Caucus members can be lessons which benefit legislative members in Korea. However, it is difficult to analyze and adopt the political system cross-culturally. thus this paper needs still further analysis and serves as a starting point.
SDS-PAGE, Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis 및 Immunoblotting을 이용한 Leptospira interrogans 혈청형간 항원 비교
백영옥,마점술,Baik, Yeong-ok,Mah, Jum-sool 대한수의학회 1992 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.32 No.2
The soluble antigen profiles and antigenic specificities of Leptospira interrogans serovars icterhaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona and hardjo were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crossed immunoeletrophoresis and immunoblotting. The profiles of protein, glycoprotein and fraction containing N-acetylglucosamine of 4 serovars were compared. The protein profiles of 4 serovars were very similar except the range of 14,400 to 30,000 daltons. Molecular weight of glycoprotein of L, pomona was lower than other serovars. L canicola showed extra N-acetylglucosamine bands having molecular weight of 82,000 and 90,000 daltons. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis, a close antigenic relationship was found between L icterohaemorrhagiae and L canicola. In immunoblottings conducted with soluble antigens and rabbit antisera of 4 serovars, Leptospira interrogans serovars possessed cross-reactive antigens and serovar-specific antigens. The molecular weights of serovar-specific antigens were 45,000, 82,000 and 90,000, 31,000 and 24,000 daltons in L icterohaemorrhagiae, L canicola, L pomona, and L hardjo, respectively.