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楊雯婷 ( Florence (wen-ting) Yang ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2019 중국사회과학논총 Vol.1 No.2
由1980年代開始學者們開始注意到中國民族主義對於其外交政策的影響,在1990年代對此進行激辯。然而,2008年以來,伴隨著其崛起的軍事實力,中國執著於擴張核心利益的內容,對領土爭議立場趨向強硬。部分學者們將其解釋為中國民族主義似已轉而影響安全政策。本文目的在於探索中國民族主義如何與中國安全政策作連結。具體而言,本文檢驗光磊的「現實政治民族主義」及Christopher Hughes的「極端地緣政治民族主義」概念,這兩個概念都試圖分析民族主義是否影響了中國的安全政策。筆者補充可行的修改建議,並提出「現實主義民族主義」的概念。「現實主義民族主義」認為民族主義為國家目標,現階段仍為保護「領土完整、主權獨立及國際合法性地位」,而現實主義則是實踐的方法及行為準則,因此在領土爭議上採取的安全政策,會因為自身及對手的國力、核心利益的有無而有差異。不過,民族主義如果走向激進化,國家目標可能轉向追求區域強權,因此需要密切觀察中國民族主義的變化。 Since 1980s, scholars started to notice the impact of nationalism on Chinese foreign policy and debated about whether it will be positive or negative impact in 1990s. However, after 2008, accompanied with its rising military power, China seemed to expand the definition of core interest and turn assertive on territorial dispute. Some scholars analyzed these trends as Chinese nationalism’s influence on security policy. This article explores the connection between Chinese nationalism and its security policy. It first examines Guang Lei (光磊)’s “realpolitik nationalism” and Christopher Hughes’s “Geopolitik nationalism” concepts focusing on Chinese nationalism and its relevance to security policies. The author continues to provide a new concept “Realist Nationalism” revised from Guang and Hughes’s concepts. “Realist Nationalism” argues that the goal that state pursues is fundamentally nationalistic while the measures and behavior patterns that state adopts are based on realism. Thus, in different territorial disputes China might act differently considering the relative capability between China and other states and whether there are core interests. Although China’s nationalistic goal at this stage is to protect the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and international legitimacy, if Chinese nationalism becomes more radical at home, China’s nationalistic goal may change, e.g. pursuing regional hegemon status. Thus, we need to pay more attention to the development of Chinese nationalism.
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