1980년대 초 중국의 ‘소설 현대화’ 논의와 그 한계― 가오싱젠(高行健)의 『현대소설기교 초탐(现代小说技巧初探)』과 관련 논쟁을 중심으로

박민호 한국중국현대문학학회 2017 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.80

Gao XingJian(高行健) is a prominent novelist, playwright, literary theorist and painter who fled to France in the late 1980s. The research on Gao XingJian until now has mainly been centered on his plays and novels, and his research on the theory of literature was relatively inadequate. In particular, the “A Preliminary Examination of Modern Fictional Techniques” which was published in China in 1981 and which has produced considerable repercussions, is a text that greatly heightened his reputation as a ‘theorist of modern literature’ and an important text that ignited the discussion of ‘Modernization of Literature’ In-depth consideration is needed. This paper considers the main contents of Gao XingJian's “A Preliminary Examination of Modern Fictional Techniques” and then discusses the limitations and significance of the discussions of various literary scholars in China based on this text. In this study, I tried to show that Gao XingJian's “A Preliminary Examination of Modern Fictional Techniques” is not merely a description of modern Western novel techniques, but rather as a “historical product” of novels, and the subsequent novels have open-mindedness that they can sustain their vitality by abundantly embracing the merits of the alien genres of art. On the other hand, Chinese literary scholars at that time limited the deep and rich implications of this text to the issue of novel content and form, and the Chinese acceptance of contemporary fiction, thereby they have not been able to judge the characteristics of ‘opportunity' and ‘crisis' of modern novels in a balanced way. And in the early 1980s, the limitations of the Chinese literary system led to a failure of the Chinese literary community to effectively cope with the crisis of literature that had arisen since the 1990s.

지적삼각측량의 근사조정과 엄밀조정 비교분석 연구

박민호,이창경 한국지적학회 2019 한국지적학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This study compares and analyzes the results by performing approximate adjustment and rigorous adjustment on the centric polygonal network, the triangular insertion network and the triangular chain network except for triangulated quadrilateral network, which was already covered in the previous study. We identify which network types of approximation adjustment methods can achieve results similar to rigorous adjustments, and what characteristics they have. The validity and effectiveness of the cadastral triangulation problem, which is currently presented in the test of Engineer Cadastral Surveying, is judged. Studies show that the amount of angular adjustment obtained by the approximation method and the least squares method in triangulation is proportional to the angular error of the observation angle. That is, the smaller the observation angle error, the closer the approximate adjustment result is to the rigorous adjustment result, assuming that the rigorous adjustment result is considered correct. It can be seen that coordinate adjustments produce performance sensitive to constraints (number and placement of base points) in a given triangular network. In conclusion, the approximate adjustment method of triangulated quadrilateral network, the centric polygonal network, triangular insertion network and triangular chain network used in cadastral surveying can be considered sufficiently valid as an alternative to the least squares method, although in the case of triangular chain network, it is not suitable for narrow and long-shaped areas such as roads and streams and where the distance between the two base lines is very long. 본 연구에서는 삼각측량에 있어 대표적인 삼각망 유형 중 선행연구에서 이미 다루어진 사각망을 제외한 유심다각망, 삽입망, 삼각쇄에 대해 근사조정과 엄밀조정을 각각 수행하여 그 결과를 비교분석함으로써, 각 유형의 삼각망 중에 어느 유형의 근사조정이 엄밀조정과 유사한 결과를 취득할 수 있는 지, 그리고 유형별로 어떠한 특성을 가지고 있는지 파악하여 현재 지적기사 등에 출제되는 지적삼각측량 삼각망 조정문제의 정확도측면에서의 타당성과 실효성을 판단해보고자 한다. 연구결과, 삼각망조정에서 근사조정법과 최소제곱법으로 구한 각조정량은 관측각의 각조건 오차에 비례함을 알 수 있다. 즉, 엄밀조정 결과를 정확한 값으로 간주한다는 가정하에, 관측각 오차가 작을수록 근사조정 결과값은 엄밀조정 결과값에 가깝게 나타나는 경향이 있다. 좌표 조정은 주어진 삼각망의 제약조건(기지점의 수와 배치)에 민감한 성과를 도출함을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 지적측량에서 이용하는 사각망, 유심다각망, 삽입망, 삼각쇄에 대한 삼각측량의 근사조정법은 최소제곱법의 대안으로 충분히 유효하다고 판단할 수 있으며, 다만 삼각쇄의 경우에는 도로, 하천 등 좁고 긴 형상의 지형이며 양 기선 사이의 거리가 매우 긴 지역에서는 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

피춘(皮村)과 중국의 새로운 노동자 문화

박민호 중국학연구회 2015 중국학연구 Vol.- No.74

本文的研究对象是位于北京东北郊区的皮村及其劳动者文化。最近几年皮村的‘新工人文化’热烈受到知识界、文化界的关注。自从在2005年‘工友之家’设立于皮村以来,皮村成为了中国‘新工人’文化的核心基地。孙恒和一些志愿者的努力之下,同心实验学校、社区活动中心、打工文化艺术博物馆等建立于皮村,开始展开了新工人文化艺术节、打工春晚等各种文化艺术活动。特别是,他们组织起来的新工人艺术团为中国的新工人作了很多流行歌曲,强烈地表现了中国打工者们的极为痛苦的生活感受。这些文化活动逐渐使中国打工者集体觉醒劳动者的认同感和对国家社会的批判意识。笔者在本文中指出,上述的皮村文化作为一种另类性(alternative)现代文化,可以解决以往现代精英文化从1990年代以来面临的一些困境。尽管他们的文化在形式上有所低劣的部分,但是它们扎根于现实,浓厚地反应了底层劳动者的苦和乐。皮村文化的这种特性让當今的人文学者和文艺工作者再次唤起人文知识分子要具备的一种政治的、伦理的态度。

The effect of Eudragit type on BSA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles

박민호,백종섭,이초아,김동철,조정원 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.5

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticle (PLGANP) have been broadly studied as a carrier for drugdelivery system of peptides and proteins. However, negativesurface charge of PLGA NP using only PLGAdecreases bioavailability under oral administration. In thisstudy, novel carriers for oral delivery system through anadditional bioadhesive polymer, Eudragit was introduced. Our purpose is to prepare PLGA NP using bovine serumalbumin (BSA) as a model drug and Eudragit and evaluatetheir physiochemical characteristics, eventually expand topeptide and protein drug such as insulin or exenatide. Inthis study, PLGA NP were spherical and the size wasaround 400–500 nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) ofPLGA NP when prepared with only PLGA was the highest,approximately 95.3 %. The polydispersity index valueswere low approximately 0.1, which meant their size wasregular. In mucoadhesion test, we knew PLGA NP preparedby using Eudragit RS or Eudragit RL had a highaffinity to mucin particles through zeta-potential change ofmucin particle to cover their surface. Also, PLGA NP didnot show cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells. Especially,BSA-loaded PLGA NP using Eudragit RS 100 preparedhad high EE, low polydispersity index, spherical shapehaving a smooth surface, sustained release profile, noncytotoxicityand bioadhesive effect.

우연히 발견된 방광벽 내 지방침착의 복부전산화단층촬영 소견: 1예 보고

박민호,문성경,안성은,박성진,임주원,이동호 대한영상의학회 2015 대한영상의학회지 Vol.72 No.2

In a computed tomography (CT) scan, fat deposition in the urinary bladder wall is seen as a linear hypoattenuating band surrounded by soft tissue density. It is uncommon, but is often seen in normal cases. However, there is no report of fat deposition in the urinary bladder wall in Korea. The authors encountered a 62-year-old male patient who showed an incidental hypoattenuating band in the urinary bladder wall on abdominal CT. The patient showed no clinical signs related to fat deposition in the urinary bladder wall. When the patient’s previous abdominal CT was retrospectively reviewed, the same CT finding was seen. This linear hypoattenuating band within the urinary bladder wall should be considered as a normal CT finding, although it is uncommon. 방광벽 내에 지방침착은 CT에서 연부조직 음영에 둘러싸인 저음영의 밴드로 보인다. 이는 드물지만 정상적인 소견으로 아직까지 국내에서 보고된 바 없다. 지방침착의 임상적인 의의는 알려진 바 없으며 비슷한 소견으로 보일 수 있는 다른 병적인 상황과 감별이 필요하다. 저자들은 62세 남자 환자의 abdomen CT에서 우연히 방광벽 내 지방 소견을 관찰하였다. 환자는 이에 따른 임상증상은 보이지 않았으며 후향적으로 살펴봤을 때 이전에 촬영한 CT에서도 같은 소견을 볼 수 있었다. 이와 같은 소견은 방광벽 내 지방침착으로 드물지만 정상적인 소견이며 CT에서 저음영의 밴드로 보일 수 있다.

Effect of chitosan on physicochemical properties of exenatide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles

박민호,백종섭,이초아,조정원 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.6

The aim of this study was to test stability of exenatide and compare physicochemical properties of PLGA nanoparticles. To make small, stable, uniform and highly encapsulated nanoparticles, various factors such as the components (polymer and stabilizer) and preparation condition (organic phase, temperature or sonication time)were considered. We tested the effect of organic phase,acid/base, ultrasonication time or temperature on exenatide to decide preparation condition of PLGA nanoparticles. And, PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and chitosan was selected as stabilizer. PLGA nanoparticles were characterized by yield, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading,particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and morphology. In this study, PLGA nanoparticles showed different physicochemical properties according to chitosan molecular weight. In case of particle size, PLGA nanoparticles using 0.5 g chitosan (4 kDa) showed biggest particle size (781.4 ± 24.1 nm) among PLGA nanoparticles prepared in this study and PLGA nanoparticles using 1 g chitosan (2 kDa) showed highest encapsulation efficiency (52.8 ± 1.7 %) among PLGA nanoparticles prepared in this study. And, all of PLGA nanoparticles using chitosan showed that polydispersity index was low and zeta-potential was increased. These results suggest that chitosan molecular weight affects physicochemical properties of PLGA nanoparticle.

Myoid Hamartoma of the Breast with Synchronous Contralateral Breast Cancer: Report of a Case

박민호,조진성,류희선,노혜원,임효순,이지신,윤정한,제갈영종 한국유방암학회 2010 Journal of breast cancer Vol.13 No.1

Myoid hamartomas of the breast parenchyma are extremely rare, benign breast neoplasms. Only 15 cases of the parenchymal myoid hamartoma of the breast have currently been described in the medical literature written in English. A 46-year-old woman presented with a huge right breast myoid hamartoma and synchronous contralateral left periareolar cancer. We discuss the clinical features, the radiologic findings, the pathologic findings and the management of this type of lesion. Surgeons should be aware that myoid hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, but it can be the cause of a palpable mass in the breast.

지역담론의 재인식과 ‘트랜스시스템사회(跨體系社會)’로서의 만주

박민호 한국중국현대문학학회 2021 中國現代文學 Vol.- No.99

Focusing on Wang Hui's concept of trans-systemic society, this study examines the content and direction of local research he presents, and makes it a task to review its meaning and limitations through his ‘view of Manchuria(满洲)'. After pointing out the problems of various researchers' regional discourses, Wang Hui uses the concept of ‘trans-systemic society’ to emphasize that ‘China as a region’ has a unique system that is open and flexible, different from the Western nation state. According to him, unlike a nation-state system that homogenizes, unifies, and has clear boundaries that distinguish you from me, China is a ‘trans-system’ in which the boundaries are not clear and rather bring mutual exchange and influence. He also uses this concept of ‘trans-system’ as a way to effectively understand the region of ‘Manchuria’ (or ‘Dongbei’). In an article published in 2004 when historical disputes between Korea and China were in full swing over the ‘Northeast Project’ issue, he argues that the issue of Manchuria should be approached in an academic way, not in a political way, and that it should escape from the error of ‘national narrative writing.’ However, in his writings on Manchuria, I was not difficult to find that his discussions are still subordinate to the logic of the nation state system based on international law, and that his concept of trans-system partially exaggerates the actual phenomena of Chinese history. His criticism of nationalism is, in fact, a criticism of nationalism stained with nationalism. In order to truly rewrite the history of ‘Manchuria’ away from ‘national narrative writing’, it must first be able to recognize the history of ‘Manchuria’ as a history shared by all countries that have the region as a historical space in the past, not a specific country. Otherwise, writing the history of Manchuria will always be limited to the history of a specific nation state.

에스트로겐 수용체 알파 음성 및 프로게스테론 수용체양성인유방암환자에서에스트로겐수용체 베타의 발현이 호르몬 치료에 미치는 영향

박민호,유희선,노혜원,조진성,윤정한,제갈영종,김조헌,이지신,박창수 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.3

Purpose: Estrogen receptor (ER) is the key therapeutic target in breast cancer. ERβhas recently been identified to be distinct from ERα. In contrast to ERα, the functions of ERβin breast cancer are still unclear. We sought to determine whether the expression of ERβcan be used as a predictive marker for endocrine therapy for patients with ERα-negative breast cancer. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tumor specimens from 52 patients with ER-/PR+invasive breast cancer were immunostained for their ERβ expression. These patients were treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. The results were correlated with various clinicopathological variables and the follow-up data. The expressions of p53 and HER-2/neu were also analyzed and correlated with the ERβstatus. Results: An ERβexpression was observed in 53.8% (28/52) of the breast cancer samples. There was no correlation between the ERβexpression and the other clinicopathologic factors (age, tumor size, histologic type, nodal status, histological grade, stage, therapeutic modality, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, p53 expression and HER-2/neu expression). Recurrence was present in 7.7% (2/26) of the patients whose tumors had an ERβexpression, as compared to the presence of recurrence in 36.4% (8/22) of the patients whose tumors had no ERβexpression (p<0.05). The patients with ERβnegative-tumors revealed lower disease free survival rate than those with ERβpositive-tumors (p<0.05). Of the 52 patients, 10(19.2%) were p53 positive, and 11 (21.2%) were HER-2/neu positive. No significant correlations were observed between ERβand p53 or HER-2/neu. Conclusion: These results suggest that ERβmight be a predictive marker of a response to endocrine therapy in patients with ER-/PR+ invasive breast cancer, although this needs to be confirmed by additional studies.

Sonographic Findings of Common Musculoskeletal Diseases in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

박민호,박지선,안성은,류경남,박소영,진욱 대한영상의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.17 No.2

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can accompany many musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases. It is difficult to distinguish the DM-related MSK diseases based on clinical symptoms alone. Sonography is frequently used as a first imaging study for these MSK symptoms and is helpful to differentiate the various DM-related MSK diseases. This pictorial essay focuses on sonographic findings of various MSK diseases that can occur in diabetic patients.