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姜錫權,柳江善,金槿榮,朴鎬用 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1
The study has been carried out to investigate possibilities to control the insect pests through microbial pathogens as one of the biological measures. The granulosis virus was isolated and identified from the larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea in the mulberry field. The experiments were conducted on histopathological observations with electron microscope in fat-body cells of the larvae infected with granulosis virus and pathogenecity tests were also carried out for the above viral disease. The results are as follows; 1. The purification pattern of GV capsules in the sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed sharp symmetrical peak with lacking a shoulder, indicating that there were no heterogenous materials in the preparations. 2. Purified capsules of granulosis virus were mostly oval glove-shape as usual. However, some abnormal shapes with longer oval glove were also observed during the study. The normal capsule and rod-shaped virus particle were measured about 350-460 x 200-250nm and 300-325x 50-75nm size respectively. 3. Based on the observations on the sequence of maturation process in the GV-infected fat body cells, the maturation stage of virus may be suggested as follows: 1) appearance virogenic stroma in the cytoplasm, 2) appearance nucleocapsid in virogenic stroma, 3) envelopment of nucleocapsid, 4) encapsulation 5) and completion of inclusion body. 4. Various abnormal shapes such as longer, ruptured, empty capsules and 2-3 nucleocapsids in a capsule were observed. 5. In the fat body cells simultaneously infected with NPV and GV, the former virus in the nucleus and the latter in the cytoplasm were mutiplicated respectively. 6. Median lethal dose (??) value was ?? times diluted solution of original mixture for the third instar larvae of H. cunea to the granulosis virus. Median lethal time (??) value was 10.73 days at the level of 10²times diluted solution.
박호용 京畿專門大學 2000 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.28
This paper attempts to analyze theoretically the issue of product liability with respect to social welfare and efficiency. Reestablishment of compensation liability rule allow us to suggest an inducement procedure to internalize a factor which is not reflected in prices due to the market failure. This study provides a model within the framework of game theory, in which the product liability problem is combined with market mechanism. In particular, the model explicitly includes the uncertainty of information about hazard. We provide theoretical arguments as follows. The comparison between the attention level and information of product risk level of both producer and consumer shows that there exists a significant difference in efficiency depending on each liability rule. Under the no-liability rule, the principle of competition leads the producers to pay attention to the risk, when the customers have perfect information. On the other hand, when the customers have imperfect information, the producers pay no attention to the risk, because they cannot add the attention expense to the prices of the products. Under the negligence rule, the producers will be careful, but the consumers will not be careful, because they are not aware of the risk of the accident in the use of the products. Under the strict liability rule, consumers have no need to pay attention, whether or not they have the full information. Finally, under the strict liability with the defense of contributory negligence rule, the legal attention level is efficiently estimated and the consumers' overestimation of the loss results in efficiency regardless of the degree of the information perfectness. When the insurance market is imperfect, the strict liability rule is more efficient than the negligence rule or no liability rule, depending on the relative degree of danger avoidance. In addition, the strict liability is more efficient than the other two, when the injurers are not only the consumer but also the third person, because the full price including the expected damage is equal to the market price. At last, the strict liability becomes less efficient due to the decrease of the diversity of products, unless there are a variety of consumers and the producers know the types of the consumers. However, the insurance market is imperfect due to the moral hazard, the efficiency level will decrease due to the availability of the imperfect insurance irrespective of the diversity of the products, while the consumers will have the perfect insurance although the diversity of the products decreases under the strict liability rule. Therefore, the efficiency has to be estimated synthetically with the consideration of the two aspects.
박호용 京畿專門大學 1999 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.27
This paper presents and analyzes Korean distribution markets in an era of boundless competition. Recently the Korean distribution market has been witnessing a remarkable change represented by the rapid spread of "price-busting phenomenon". It cannot be, however, stated that price-busting has been virtually conducted in Korea, as the competition by the price reductions in Korea still relies on distributors' manipulation of profit margins. Price-busting is viewed as a process of destroying the high cost structure formed in the course of production and marketing, and reforming commodity prices at the price level expected by the consumers. Therefore, in order for genuine price-busting to take place, initially market predominance should be shifted from manufacturers to distributors, who are close to consumers. As such, it may be judged that one of the pending issues in Korea's path to an advanced economy is to build a distributor-led market structure together with specialization in manufacturing by the suppliers. The work in this paper includes the present status of distribution industry and a way to enhance its competitiveness in an open market, in that you may find solutions to build an efficient structure of distribution industry in an open economy. The first chapter is devoted to the specifying the concept of price-busting phenomenon which prevails in Korea since opening distribution market 1996. The second chapter is concerned with the present status of distribution market and with factors of inefficiency. Finally, some institutional prescriptions are suggested to enhance the competitiveness in the distribution market.
柳江善,姜錫權,金槿榮,朴鎬用 서울大學校農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.1
The study has been carried out to obtain some basic informations on viral pesticide development in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was isolated from infected larvae in the fields. Also made were the histopathological observations with the fat body cells of larvae infected with NPV by using electron microscope and pathogenecity tests for the above viral disease. The results are as follows: 1. The shapes of nuclear polyhedra were triangular, tetragonal and hexagonal with their sizes being 1.75㎛, 1.62㎛ and 2.25㎛, respectively. 2. The maturation sequence in the fat body cells infected with NPV was observed as follows; 1) nucleocapsid protruding irregularly from virogenic stroma. 2) regular stacking array of 2-144 nucleocapsids, 3) random release of nucleocapsids from the cluster, 4) envelopement of nucleocapsids. 5) attachment of polyhedral protein with outer membrane of the enveloped nucleocapsids, and 6) the number of nucleocapsids as bundles in a envelope were 2 to 17 rods. 3. In the virulence of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, median lethal dose (LD??) values were 1.90×10??, 1.20×10?? and 1.85×10?? PIBs/ml for the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of H. cunea, respectively. 4. Median lethal time (LT??) values were 9.33, 11.29 and 16.5 days for the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of H. cunea respectively at the level of 6.8×10??PIBs/ml